Fully understand the historic achievements made in comprehensively deepening reform since the new era.

　　The Third Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was a landmark meeting held in the critical period of comprehensively promoting the construction of a strong country and the great cause of national rejuvenation with Chinese modernization. The most important achievement of the plenary session was the deliberation and adoption of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Further Comprehensively Deepening Reform and Promoting Chinese Modernization (hereinafter referred to as the Decision). At the beginning of the "Decision", it was put forward: "The Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Party is epoch-making, which opened a new era of reform, opening up and socialist modernization. The Third Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee is also epoch-making, which has opened a new journey of comprehensively deepening reform in the new era, promoting the overall design of the system, and creating a new situation of China’s reform and opening up. " This is an important judgment made by the CPC Central Committee in summing up the major achievements in comprehensively deepening reform since the new era.

　　Building a free trade port with China characteristics in Hainan is an important measure of reform and opening up, which is personally planned, deployed and promoted by the Supreme Leader General Secretary. It is also a strategic decision made by the CPC Central Committee with an eye to the overall situation at home and abroad through in-depth research, overall consideration and scientific planning. The picture shows the key park of Hainan Free Trade Port — — Yangpu economic development zone and coastline scenery. Xinhua News Agency reporter Pu Xiaoxu/photo

　　Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has United and led the whole party, the whole army and the people of all nationalities in China, with great historical initiative, great political courage and strong responsibility, to break through the shackles of ideological concepts, break through the barriers of solidification of interests, dare to break into deep water areas, dare to bite the bullet, dare to venture into dangerous beaches, resolutely get rid of the shortcomings of various institutional mechanisms, and realize the transformation of reform from local exploration and ice-breaking breakthrough to system integration and comprehensive deepening. The basic institutional framework in various fields has been basically established, and historic changes, systematic remodeling and overall reconstruction have been achieved in many fields, and the reform tasks set by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee have been completed in general, so as to achieve the goal of more mature and stereotyped systems in all aspects and achieve remarkable results by the centenary of the founding of the Party, providing a strong institutional guarantee for building a well-off society in an all-round way and realizing the Party’s first century-long struggle goal, and pushing China onto a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　First, Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s institutional advantages have been consolidated and developed. China’s fundamental system has been strengthened day by day, the basic system has been continuously improved, and important institutional innovations have achieved fruitful results. For example, we will improve the people’s democratic system in the whole process, and the comprehensive, extensive and organically connected system of people being the masters of the country will be more perfect. Improve the rule of law system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and improve the system and mechanism of scientific legislation, strict law enforcement, fair justice and law-abiding for the whole people. Establish and adhere to the fundamental system of Marxism’s guiding position in the ideological field, and improve and develop the advanced socialist cultural system.

　　Second, it has injected a strong impetus into economic development and pushed China’s economy onto the road of high-quality development. Adhere to the direction of socialist market economy reform, improve the modern market system, promote the factor marketization reform, deepen the reform of state-owned and state-owned enterprises, develop and expand the private economy, build an institutional mechanism to support comprehensive innovation, deepen the reform of fiscal and taxation financial systems, improve the institutional mechanism of urban and rural development integration, and build a new open economic system at a higher level. The economic system with effective market mechanism, dynamic micro-subjects and moderate macro-control is constantly improving.

　　Third, historic changes, systematic reshaping and overall reconstruction have been achieved in many fields, and the modernization level of the national governance system and governance capacity has been significantly improved. We carried out two rounds of large-scale reforms of the party and state institutions, and the functional system of the party and state institutions was continuously improved. Establish the system of ecological civilization system, and form the system of ecological civilization framework, in which the source is strictly guarded, the process is strictly controlled, the damages are compensated, and the consequences are severely punished. Since the founding of New China, the most extensive and profound national defense and military reforms have been carried out, and the people’s army has achieved a revolutionary reshaping as a whole.

　　Fourth, the people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security has continued to increase. We will deepen reforms in key areas such as income distribution, employment, education, medical care and social security, and promote the establishment of the largest education system, social security system and medical and health system in the world. Establish and improve the mechanism of precision poverty alleviation and precision poverty alleviation, and help win the largest battle against poverty in human history. Improve the centralized, unified, efficient and authoritative national security leadership system, improve the emergency management mechanism, and build a social governance system of co-construction, co-governance and sharing.

　　The fifth is to promote the party to be stronger and stronger in revolutionary forging. Constantly improve the party’s leadership system, improve the supervision system of the party and the state, build an integrated mechanism to promote the system of not being corrupt, not being corrupt and not wanting to be corrupt, ensure the authority of the Party Central Committee and centralized and unified leadership, and ensure that the party plays a leading core role in taking the overall situation and coordinating all parties.

Follow President Xi to see the world, talk to Volga on the Yangtze River, these stories have to be told. ……

　　On the afternoon of March 20th, local time, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader arrived in Moscow and began a state visit to Russia. This is his ninth visit to Russia since he took office as president in March 2013.

　　China and Russia are friendly neighbors linked by mountains and rivers, and the development of Sino-Russian relations has clear historical logic and strong endogenous power. Today, the all-round and multi-level cooperation pattern is bringing tangible benefits to the people of the two countries, and it also provides a steady stream of impetus for the development and revitalization of both sides.

　　The Yangtze River, the mother river of China, and the Volga River, the mother river of Russia, have many similarities — — Broad-minded, tenacious temperament, all bear the glory and tragic, hope and pursuit of this nation. Nowadays, the magnificent waves of the two mother rivers have "blended" together and "irrigated" the political, economic, trade and cultural map.

　　As the provinces with the longest runoff mileage in the Yangtze River, Hubei and Russia have many stories to tell … …

　　Hubei people who went to Russia to grow tea

　　In 1893, it was the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty. A Russian businessman named Banov came to China and wanted to find someone to help them grow tea in Russia.

　　At that time, tea was already a commodity between China and Russia, but tea planting in Russia began in the middle of Qing Dynasty, and there was not much experience. In addition, the climate in Russia was cold all the year round, so it was difficult for tea trees to survive.

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　　Bagong House in Jianghan District of Wuhan was once Banov’s residence.

　　Banov finally found Liu Junzhou, a tea merchant in Hankou, who was extraordinary.

　　Since the mid-19th century, Hankou has become a big port for tea gathering in the world, with 25,000 tea boats moored on the river and hundreds of tea merchants. One of the most famous tea merchants is Liu Junzhou’s Han family Liu’s Tea House. The annual trading volume of tea in Hankou Port accounts for 65% of the whole country, of which the Liu family accounts for 10%.

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　　Liu junzhou

　　Liu Junzhou accepted the invitation of Banov, took nine technicians, tea seeds and tens of thousands of tea trees, followed Banov to grow tea in the Caucasus along the Russian Black Sea, and succeeded!

　　In 1897, Liu Junzhou returned to China, and his son Liu Zerong was 5 years old. Liu Junzhou set out again with his wife and children and 12 technicians to continue his tea growing career in Russia. Liu Junzhou’s deeds have been widely spread, so that many Russians still call tea "Liu Tea".

　　The tea trade between China and Russia has a long history. As early as the mid-19th century, Russians came to Wuhan to do tea business. In the Russian textbooks of the 1920s, there was a map of the bridge between Chinese and Russian tea bridges, which painted the "China-Russia Wanli Tea Ceremony" formed in the 17th century.

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　　Map of Sino-Russian Tea Road Bridge

　　In this picture, Wanli Tea Ceremony is painted as a long bridge. The starting point of the bridge is Hankou, Wuhan, and the end points to Moscow, Russia. With this "bridge", from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century, there were dozens of Russian tea trading companies in Hankou.

　　However, influenced by the war, in the first half of the 20th century, the Wanli Tea Ceremony between China and Russia gradually declined, and the Liu Tea House of the Han family went into silence. Until 2006, Liu Jiaguo, the 27th generation descendant of Liu’s Tea House of Han family, was determined to revive Liu’s Tea House of Han family, so he resigned from public office and went into business. According to Liu Taikun, the son of Liu Jiaguo, "My father and mother opened a small shop of less than 40 square meters, sold a lot of things and took out 2 million yuan. It’s really desperate!"

　　In 2015, Han Liu’s tea once again advanced into Russia. The company has opened four exclusive stores in Russia and joined more than 50 distribution stores.

　　Through the "Belt and Road Initiative", many famous Hubei teas such as Yangloudong Brick Tea in Chibi and the golden signboard "Yellow Crane Tower Tea" have also entered the homes of Russian people.

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　　In 2014, Hubei tea merchants copied brick tea a hundred years ago and gave it to Russian President Vladimir Putin.

　　Soviet Eagle over Wuhan during the Anti-Japanese War

　　When it comes to air force aid to China, what’s the first thing that comes to mind? American Flying Tigers? Chennault?

　　In fact, long before the Flying Tigers, there was such a team, which had fought fiercely in the air with the mighty Japanese Air Force in the sky in Wan Li, China. They were the Soviet Air Force Volunteers.

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　　soviet air force volunteer team

　　In 1938, in the three Wuhan air battles of "2.18", "4.29" and "5.31", the Soviet Air Force Volunteers, together with the China Air Force, successively shot down more than 40 Japanese planes and sacrificed more than 100 people, completely smashing the Japanese invaders’ attempt to "master the air superiority".

　　In order to commemorate this unforgettable history, in 1956, with the approval of Hubei provincial government, 15 tombs of Soviet Air Force martyrs were moved from Wanguo Cemetery in Chen Huaimin Road, Hankou to Jiefang Park. The overall design task of the martyrs’ tomb of the Soviet Volunteer Team falls on Huang Kangyu, a famous architect and chief engineer of Wuhan Architectural Design Institute. Zhang Lianggao, one of the founders of the Department of Architecture of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, is responsible for the specific construction design.

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　　Zhang Lianggao (left) and Huang Kangyu (right)

　　Full of reverence and gratitude, Huang Kangyu and Zhang Lianggao devoted themselves to the design and construction of the martyrs’ tomb. Huang Kangyu originally hoped to design the memorial altar as a dome-shaped building with Soviet style, in which words and pictures were displayed to show the voice and face of the martyrs. However, after the completion of the tombstones and graveyards, the design and construction of the memorial altar had to be stopped due to the shortage of funds, and the dome design of the original drawings has not been completed.

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　　Memories of the design scheme of martyrs’ tomb

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　　Tomb of the Soviet Air Force Martyrs, now located in emancipation park.

　　Now let’s go to see the tomb of the martyrs of the Soviet Air Force Volunteers. The monument with a square cone points to the sky, indicating that they are martyrs in the sky. There is a big flower bed in front of the monument, in which a huge five-pointed star pattern is planted with red wood, surrounded by more than 60 evergreen trees such as cypress and cedar, guarding the heroes like private soldiers.

　　Later, in the interview of reporter Chi Dajun and others, four more descendants of martyrs were found, and detailed file information of more than 200 martyrs was sorted out. In addition, 14 members of the Soviet Air Force Volunteer Team who died in Wuhan were also found. In 2015, the names of these 14 newly confirmed Soviet martyrs were added to the tombstone of the martyrs in Jiefang Park for future generations to mourn.

　　Decades have passed, the smoke over Wuhan has already dispersed, and the tombstone has no words to refer to the sky. The story of the sword of justice and the eagle hitting the sky will be remembered forever!

　　On this Russian tombstone, the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge is engraved.

　　The Soviet Union has assisted 156 industrial projects in New China, including 7 key projects in Wuhan, including the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, which is known as the "First Bridge of the Yangtze River".

　　In the second year after the founding of New China, the plan to build the Yangtze River Bridge was put on the agenda. For thousands of years, the Yangtze River without a bridge has ushered in the vision of "a natural barrier becomes a thoroughfare".

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　　Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge　

　　In the design and construction stage of the bridge, 28 members of the Soviet expert group provided a lot of guidance, and Xilin, the group leader, played a decisive role in the bridge construction.

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　　Xilin, an expert sent by the Soviet Union to help build the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge (first from right)

　　Xilin, who came to China in 1948, had already repaired and erected one bridge after another in the north. However, it is not easy to realize the "natural moat becomes a thoroughfare" under the economic and technical conditions at that time, especially in the most critical bridge foundation construction. At that time, the common practice in the world was the pneumatic caisson method, which has been passed down for a hundred years. However, the Yangtze River was in a turbulent state and the construction depth reached the upper limit of air pressure, which not only delayed time but also endangered workers’ lives. The old method encountered new problems.

　　Therefore, Xilin boldly proposed to replace the pneumatic caisson method with "pipe column drilling method" to change the bridge construction from underwater construction to water construction. This world-advanced construction method shortened the Yangtze River Bridge to two years and one month, completed two years ahead of schedule, and was successfully opened to traffic in 1957.

　　During those hard years, Xilin devoted all his efforts to the bridge. After years of outdoor work, the harsh environment made him suffer from severe arthritis, and the hospitalization period happened to be the tense stage of bridge construction, so he resolutely moved back to the construction site.

　　During the whole process of bridge construction, the builders in China were deeply admired by the professionalism of Soviet experts like Xilin. What impressed Liu Changyuan, a former deputy chief engineer of China Railway Bridge Bureau, was a Soviet expert, West Vacov. When piling pier No.7, some piles could not stand hammering and were easy to crack. In order to tackle the problem on the spot, West Vacov, who was in charge of this pier, went out early and returned late in a boat every day.

　　Xilin and other Soviet experts have been to China many times since the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was opened to traffic. In May 1993, Xilin led a delegation to China to inspect the construction of cable-stayed bridges, and spent his 80th birthday in Wuhan. At that time, wuhan yangtze river bridge was under construction, and Xilin went to the construction site specially.

　　On the monument of the bridge pier of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge, the achievements of experts from the former Soviet Union such as Xilin are cast in copper characters. Thousands of miles away in Canete Nicokov Cemetery, a black granite tombstone is engraved with Xilin’s proudest work — — Patterns of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge.

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　　The pattern of Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge engraved on the back of Xilin tombstone

　　The Old Katyusha in Honggang City

　　In Qingshan District, Wuhan, there once lived an old Russian woman who was the only Russian-born China citizen in Wuhan.

　　Her Russian name is Ilina Yaclivna Chilkova, and China’s name is Shufan Li.

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　　Shufan Li was born in St Petersburg in 1926. At a campus dance, at the age of 23, she met Qiu Yongyan, an international student from China, and they fell in love. In 1950, Shufan Li followed Qiu Yongyan to China without hesitation.

　　In 1953, Shufan Li came to Wuhan with all Russian translators in Central and South China, and worked as a full-time translator for Soviet experts who were preparing to build WISCO at that time. Since then, she has had an indissoluble bond with Jiangcheng, her second hometown.

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　　In 2017, Shufan Li was interviewed by the Voice of Hubei.

　　In 2017, the Voice of Hubei reporter interviewed the elderly in Shufan Li. According to her recollection, "I still remember that the first investigation was not in the East Lake. After the experts came, they said that the water in the East Lake was not good. It was stagnant water, so it was polluted. Because the iron and steel industry must have flowing water, so to investigate in the Yangtze River, this will go to Qingshan and WISCO will land in Honggang City. " The steel mill settled in Wuhan, which was a suggestion made by Soviet experts after investigation. From the layout of factory and living quarters to the determination of main technology, WISCO basically copied the model of Novosibirsk industrial zone as a whole, representing the advanced level of the world at that time.

　　Russian people can sing and dance, and Shufan Li is no exception. She likes singing and dancing, and after she retired, she organized a dance team with her sisters in the community. The favorite song is the familiar Soviet folk song Katyusha, and the neighbors affectionately call her "Katyusha".

　　In 2021, Shufan Li died of illness at the age of 96. When she left, many neighbors around her shed tears. In Honggang City, everyone will always miss the old Katyusha.

　　In Wuhan, there are still many Russian elements. Now the No.1 club in Dongting, Hankou used to be a Russian consulate. Red brick houses designed by Russia can be seen everywhere in Qingshan and Qiaokou.

　　In April 2014, the China-Europe train that restarted its operation set off from Wuhan and exported "Made in Wuhan" to Russia, realizing the two-way trade between China and Russia.

　　On July 30, 2014, China Southern Airlines opened a direct flight from Wuhan to Moscow.

　　Nowadays, under the influence of the "Belt and Road" cooperation, Wuhan and Russia have increasingly close exchanges in economy, trade, science and technology and culture.

　　In November 2022, Russian Ambassador to China Morcourt Lov said in an interview with Russian reporters that Russia would set up a consulate in Wuhan, but the specific opening time has not yet been determined. Morcourt Love said: In September 2015, witnessed by the leaders of the two countries, Russia and China signed an intergovernmental agreement to establish the Russian Consulate General in Wuhan and the Consulate General of China in Kazan. The Consulate General of China in Kazan will open in 2018. "This means that the Russian consulate in Wuhan will definitely open."

Experts discuss Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thoughts of the Supreme Leader in the new era.

　　"Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s economic thought of the supreme leader in the new era is the theoretical crystallization of promoting China’s economic development practice in the past five years, the latest achievement of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s political economy, and a very valuable spiritual wealth of the party and the country. It must be persisted and continuously enriched for a long time." The just-concluded Central Economic Work Conference clarified the economic thought of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the supreme leader in the new era, with the new development concept as the main content. Learning, understanding and implementing this thought is the basis and premise for promoting the high-quality development of China’s economy in the new era. How to correctly understand the profound connotation and great significance of this thought? On December 20th, our reporter interviewed many experts for the first time.

　　Insist on strengthening the party’s centralized and unified leadership over economic work

　　The Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that we insist on strengthening the Party’s centralized and unified leadership over economic work to ensure that China’s economy develops in the right direction.

　　"The leadership of the party is the greatest advantage of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and the fundamental political guarantee for achieving sustained and healthy economic and social development." Han Baojiang, director of the Economics Department of the Central Party School, said: since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the face of the external environment of weak world economic recovery, frequent local conflicts and turmoil, and aggravated global problems, and a series of profound changes such as China’s economic development entering a new normal, we have persisted in strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the Party over economic work, ensured that China’s economy is moving in the right direction, and made historic achievements in reform, opening up, and socialist modernization.

　　Economic development has entered a new era and put forward many new requirements for the work of the party and the state. Facing the new situation and new tasks, to do a good job in economic work, we must persist in strengthening the party’s centralized and unified leadership over economic work.

　　"The Party Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core gives full play to the leading core role of taking the overall situation into account and coordinating all parties, so that the huge ship of China’s economy can be stable and far-reaching." Han Baojiang said: to strengthen the Party’s centralized and unified leadership over economic work, it is very important to faithfully implement the strategic deployment and various requirements of the CPC Central Committee.

　　"The key to strengthening the party’s centralized and unified leadership over economic work lies in cadres." Han Baojiang said that China’s great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention today show that our cadre team as a whole is adapted to the great tasks and missions of reform, opening up and socialist modernization. However, in the face of the complicated domestic and international environment, the quality of our cadres needs to be further improved. We should optimize the knowledge structure and professional structure of the leading bodies and strive to train more experts in leading economic work.

　　Adhere to the people-centered development thought

　　The Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that adhering to the people-centered development thought runs through the overall layout of the "five in one" and the coordinated promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout.

　　"Make people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security more substantial, more secure and more sustainable". The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the people-centered development thought at a new height, which is not only the important content of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, but also one of the basic strategies for upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a large number of measures to benefit the people have taken root, bringing a full sense of gain. Decisive progress has been made in the fight against poverty, education has developed in an all-round way, the employment situation has continued to improve, the income growth rate of urban and rural residents has exceeded the economic growth rate, the social security system covering urban and rural residents has been basically established, and people’s lives have been continuously improved.

　　"As Socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era, we need to adhere to and implement the people-centered development thought. The people have broader needs and higher requirements for a better life. They yearn for a higher level of material and cultural life, and also look forward to the continuous improvement and improvement of democracy, rule of law, fairness, justice, security and environment. Only by persisting in taking the people as the center and through more balanced and full development can we continuously meet the new needs of the people in the new era. " Luo Laijun, a researcher at the National Development and Strategy Institute of Renmin University of China, said.

　　Taking the people as the center, we must build a complete development system and security system for people’s livelihood. "On the issue of people’s livelihood, the party and the state have put forward a series of specific goals and development areas, including social fairness and justice, education for young children, learning and teaching, income from labor, medical care for the sick, support for the old, shelter and support for the weak, as well as people’s sense of gain and all-round development. These aspects constitute a complete development system and security system for people’s livelihood." Luo Laijun said.

　　Taking the people as the center, we must solve the most concerned, direct and realistic interests of the people. The Central Economic Work Conference put forward that it is necessary to make precise policies on issues of concern to the people, focus on solving outstanding problems such as heavy extracurricular burden of primary and secondary school students, "school choice fever" and "large class size", and solve the problems of infant care and early childhood education services; Pay attention to solving structural employment contradictions and solve the problems of gender discrimination and identity discrimination; Reform and improve the basic old-age insurance system and accelerate the national overall planning of old-age insurance; Continue to solve the problem of "difficult and expensive medical treatment" and encourage social funds to enter the fields of old-age care and medical care. "These measures are concrete manifestations of the people-centered development thinking, which will actually enhance people’s sense of gain." Luo Laijun said.

　　Adhere to adaptation, grasp and lead the new normal of economic development

　　The Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that we should persist in adapting to the new normal of leading economic development, base ourselves on the overall situation and grasp the law.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s economy has been under great pressure of "three-phase superposition" in the growth rate shifting period, the painful period of structural adjustment and the digestive period of the previous stimulus policy. The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core comprehensively analyzed the long period of the world economy and the characteristics of China’s development stages and their interaction, and made a major judgment that China’s economic development entered a new normal.

　　The new normal has new features. Economic development has entered a new normal, which is mainly reflected in three characteristics: speed — — "From high-speed growth to medium-high-speed growth", structure — — "The economic structure is constantly optimized and upgraded", which is the driving force — — "From factor-driven and investment-driven to innovation-driven".

　　"The major judgment of the new economic normal has scientifically answered the question of how to look at and do China’s economic development." Pan Jiancheng, deputy director of the China Economic Prosperity Monitoring Center of the National Bureau of Statistics, said that to do a good job in economic work, it is necessary to respect economic laws, and economic development has entered a new normal, which is an inevitable reflection of the staged characteristics of China’s economic development and an inevitable trend that is independent of people’s will.

　　The new normal must have new achievements. Adapting to the new normal, grasping the new normal and leading the new normal are the great logic of China’s economic development at present and in the future. Under the new normal, China’s economy is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. It is necessary to change ideas, strengthen policy coordination, promote leap-forward development, and run the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing through the whole process of economic development.

　　"China’s economy has shifted from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, and new things must be done under the new normal." Pan Jiancheng believes that to persist in adapting to the new normal of leading economic development and promoting high-quality development, it is necessary to truly return the past concern about economic growth to improving the quality and efficiency of economic development, to transforming the development mode to promote transformation and upgrading, to promote social fairness and justice, to enhance people’s well-being, and to return to the green mountains where everyone enjoys.

　　Insist on making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and give full play to the role of the government.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that we should persist in making the market play a decisive role in resource allocation, give better play to the role of the government, and resolutely remove institutional and institutional obstacles to economic development.

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Several Major Issues of Comprehensively Deepening Reform, adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, clearly stated that the economic system reform should "make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and better play the role of the government", which became another major breakthrough in our party’s reform theory. Putting forward the decisive role of the market in allocating resources clearly shows that the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core is constantly deepening and improving its understanding of market laws.

　　"The key to building a modern economic system is to develop the real economy and deepen the structural reform of the supply side. The key is to make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and give better play to the role of the government." Chi Fulin, president of China (Hainan) Reform and Development Research Institute, believes that in the past five years, the reform of the administrative system focusing on decentralization has played an important role in releasing the reform dividend, promoting economic transformation and coping with the downward pressure on the economy. Facing the new situation of increasing risk factors in economic operation, deepening decentralization with the focus on regulatory changes is conducive to further using the two "hands" of the market and the government.

　　Chen Dongqi, chief expert of China Macroeconomic Research Institute, believes that to make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, it is necessary to speed up the construction of the basic market system, including improving the rules system conducive to promoting fair competition, implementing the fair competition review system, clearing up the regulations and practices that hinder fair access, further deepening the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform, and formulating and implementing the negative list, power list and responsibility list system.

　　Persist in adapting to the main contradictions and changes in China’s economic development and improve macro-control

　　The Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that we should persist in adapting to the main contradictions and changes in China’s economic development, improve macro-control, make a choice according to circumstances, prescribe a correct prescription, and take promoting supply-side structural reform as the main line of economic work.

　　"Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the main contradiction in our society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing needs for a better life and the development with insufficient imbalance." This statement in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China means that major changes have taken place in the major social contradictions in our country. This major change is a historic change that has a bearing on the overall situation, which puts forward many new requirements for the work of the Party and the State, and is also an important basis for the Party and the State to formulate major policies and long-term strategies.

　　"The main social contradiction is an objective reflection of the development level and social development stage of a social productive force. What kind of social principal contradiction will exist at what level and at what development stage of the productive force." Xin Ming, a professor at the Central Party School, said that the most fundamental reason for the transformation of major social contradictions in China is that social productive forces have made a leap forward in stages and the level of productive forces has made a qualitative breakthrough.

　　There are many manifestations of major social contradictions in reality, such as dissatisfaction with the supply of domestic products and services, and a large amount of consumption flowing overseas; There are new expectations for social fairness and justice, and the tolerance for unfair and unreasonable institutional phenomena is reduced; The demand for the ecological environment is constantly increasing, and environmental pollution can easily lead to social contradictions, and so on.

　　"Those who are good at treating diseases will cure their diseased places; Those who are good at saving the disadvantages will plug the source of their disadvantages. " Changes in major social contradictions have put forward new requirements for improving macro-control. Although there are cyclical and aggregate factors, the prominent contradictions and problems faced by China’s economic operation are rooted in major structural imbalances, which lead to poor economic cycle. We must find ways to achieve a new dynamic balance between supply and demand from the supply-side structural reform.

　　Xin Ming said that in order to adapt to the major contradictions and changes in China’s economic development and improve macro-control, we must adhere to the supply-side structural reform as the main line, adhere to the quality first and benefit first, promote the quality change, efficiency change and power change of economic development, improve the total factor productivity, and strive to accelerate the construction of an industrial system with coordinated development of the real economy, scientific and technological innovation, modern finance and human resources, and strive to build an economic system with effective market mechanism, dynamic micro-subjects and moderate macro-control, so as to continuously enhance China’s economy.

　　Adhere to the Problem-oriented and Deploy the New Strategy of Economic Development

　　The Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that adhering to the problem-oriented deployment of the new economic development strategy has a far-reaching impact on China’s economic and social development and change.

　　Innovation-driven development strategy, rural revitalization strategy, regional coordinated development strategy and sustainable development strategy … … Adhering to the problem-oriented deployment of a new strategy for economic development is a distinctive feature of the Party Central Committee’s governance of the country since the 18th National Congress, and it is also the demand for economic development to enter a new era. Adhere to the problem orientation, not from books and experience, but from China’s national conditions and realistic contradictions.

　　Adhere to the problem orientation, how to find the right problem? Hou Yongzhi, director of the Development Strategy and Regional Economic Research Department of the State Council Development Research Center, said that since Socialism with Chinese characteristics entered a new era, the major social contradictions in our country have changed, we should start from solving this contradiction to find problems, such as the imbalance between regions, urban and rural areas, economic growth and ecological environment, and the insufficient development of high-end manufacturing and high-end service industries. All these problems should be the direction of efforts.

　　Adhere to the problem-oriented, we should avoid only looking at the appearance of the problem, but find the essence of the problem. Hou Yongzhi, for example, said that the imbalance between economic development and ecological protection is not only a superficial problem of insufficient investment in ecological protection, but also a problem of industrial structure and economic structure. The industrial structure is biased towards the low-end and the pressure on ecological protection is naturally greater. To protect green mountains and green rivers, we should start with adjusting the industrial structure and economic structure.

　　Adhere to correct working strategies and methods.

　　The Central Economic Work Conference pointed out that we should adhere to correct working strategies and methods, strive for progress steadily, maintain strategic strength, adhere to bottom line thinking, and move forward step by step.

　　"Those who get the law get twice the result with half the effort, and those who don’t get the law get twice the result with half the effort". Doing a good job in economic work is inseparable from correct working strategies and methods. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has always firmly grasped the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, stressed the need to maintain strategic strength, adhere to problem-oriented and bottom-line thinking, carry forward the spirit of nailing, and move forward step by step.

　　"Insisting on striving for progress in stability has become the basis for China’s stable and good economic situation since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China." Pan Jiancheng pointed out that economic development has entered a new era, and "stability" not only refers to stable economic growth, but also includes stable employment, prices and social and economic environment; "Advance" not only refers to the improvement of quality, efficiency and new kinetic energy, but also includes better protection of resources and environment and improvement of people’s livelihood. "Stability" and "progress" are dialectical unity and should be grasped as a whole.

　　"Too much is too late, and the key to doing a good job in the current economic work lies in the macro policy ‘ Degree ’ You must understand what is moderation and what is loss. " Pan Jiancheng said that improving the pertinence and accuracy of macro-control is just like a good doctor diagnosing a disease. For example, to judge whether the economic operation is moderate, more consideration should be given to whether employment is stable and whether prices are in a reasonable range. For another example, there is an obvious regional gap in the real estate market, so it is more conducive to the healthy and sustainable development of the whole real estate industry to put an end to "one size fits all" regulation.

Doing in practice： the wind of Daxing investigation and research

The process of investigation and research is the process of scientific decision-making.

Investigation and study is a process of understanding the situation. People’s correct ideas do not fall from the sky, are not inherent in their minds, but come from practice. Eating steamed buns chewed by others is tasteless. If you want to know the taste of pears, you have to change them and eat them yourself. No matter making or implementing decisions, it is inseparable from investigation and research. Only through investigation and study can we understand the actual situation, sum up grass-roots experience, create conditions for making correct decisions, and provide first-hand materials for checking the deviation of decisions and problems in the implementation process. At the same time, in the investigation and study, cadres can be assessed, their ideological level, work ability and work style can be understood on the spot, talents can be found, and cadres can be used well.

Investigation and research is a process of promoting work. After a decision is made, it is impossible to rely solely on meeting to meeting and document to document, nor can it solve the problem. Leading cadres should demonstrate their style of work, help and guide them in methods, and pay attention to supervision in implementation. They must sink in and strengthen investigation and research. By creating a certain supervision atmosphere, the momentum of promoting the work is formed, by cultivating and summarizing advanced models, the overall situation is promoted, and the rectification is urged through inspection and criticism, so that everyone has pressure, motivation and vitality.

Investigation and research is a process of connecting with the masses and doing things for the people. By going deep into the grass roots, the reality and the masses, we can understand what the masses are thinking, what they are looking forward to and what our Party committee and government need most. Thus, our various decisions and work arrangements will focus on the wisdom of the people, reflect the public opinion, reflect the people’s feelings, do one thing, win the hearts of the people, and truly achieve the relationship between the people, benefit the people, and use the power for the people.

Investigation and research is also a process of self-learning and improvement. The people are real heroes, while we ourselves are often naive and ridiculous. Since the reform and opening up, the great achievements of Zhejiang’s economic and social development have been created by the people of Zhejiang, and the major decisions made by previous provincial party committees and governments have also come from the vivid practice of the grassroots and the masses. Therefore, in the investigation and study, we should be sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions, humbly ask for advice, be students of the masses and be friends of the masses.

It is very important to learn to do research. Leading cadres should be immersed in their hearts and not be confused by superficial phenomena; It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the situation, see the whole leopard at a glance, and don’t touch the elephant by the blind; You should arrive without pomp, and don’t bluff and cause disturbance to the people. With more investigation and research, the grass-roots units will run around, run deep and thoroughly, and our skills will increase, our understanding will leap forward and our work will be better.

[Excerpt from the speech made during the investigation in Fuyang on April 9, 2004]

Comrade Chen Yun once said: "When leading organs formulate policies, they should spend more than 90% of their time on investigation and research, and less than 10% of their time on final discussion and decision." He added: "One-sidedness always comes from being busy making policy decisions without studying the actual situation." Why are some of our current decisions not targeted and operable? In the final analysis, the root is that there is a little less investigation and research. "The situation is unclear and the determination is great, and there are countless ideas in my heart."

The correct decision can never be made by one person or a group of people sitting in the house and thinking hard without investigation and research. It can only be produced in the reality of the people’s reform and development. Before making decisions on major issues, our leading cadres must have the determination to keep their eyes down and the spirit of being a pupil, take a step, go out of the yard, go to the workshop dock, go to the fields, conduct field research, communicate and discuss with people from all walks of life who really understand the truth, and obtain authentic, reliable, solid and effective research results through "exchange, comparison and repetition" so as to get correct conclusions. Investigation and research are like "pregnancy in October", and decision-making is like "delivery once". The process of investigation and research is the process of scientific decision-making, and it must not be omitted or sloppy.

[Excerpted from the column "Zhijiang Xinyu" in Zhejiang Daily on August 26th, 2005]

The research work should be "deep, practical, detailed, accurate and effective"

Investigation and research is an important way to keep close contact with the masses, and it is also a breakthrough point and an important link to strengthen the party’s style construction. Leading cadres at all levels in the province must maintain a pragmatic style in their investigation and research work, and strive to be deep, realistic, meticulous, accurate and effective. Seeking "depth" means going deep into the masses and grass roots, being good at making friends with workers, peasants, intellectuals and people from all walks of life, and solving problems in the fields, factories, mines, the masses and all social levels. Seeking "truth" means to be realistic in the style of investigation and research, to simplify official reception, not to be accompanied by layers, not to add extra burden to the grassroots, and to truly listen to the truth, touch the truth and do practical things. To be "detailed" means to listen carefully to the opinions of all parties, not only to the reports of cadres, but also to the reactions of the masses, to both positive and negative opinions, to analyze the problems in depth and to grasp the overall situation. Seeking "accuracy" means that the conclusions drawn from investigation and research should be scientific and accurate. We should not only understand the actual situation comprehensively and thoroughly, but also be good at analyzing contradictions and finding problems, seeing the essence through phenomena, grasping the regular things, and improving the scientific nature of the investigation conclusions. Seeking "effectiveness" means putting forward practical solutions to problems, formulating policies and measures with strong operability, and achieving practical results.

[Excerpt from a speech at the learning meeting of the theoretical learning center group of the provincial party committee on February 10, 2003]

Investigation is a science and an art. At present, we are in an information age, an open society and a stage of transformation in all aspects. To strengthen investigation and research work, we must actively explore the characteristics and laws of investigation and research work in the new period, strive to improve the universality of investigation and research objects, improve the pertinence of investigation and research contents, improve the scientificity of investigation and research methods, improve the effectiveness of investigation and research results, and constantly improve the quality and level of investigation and research work, so as to truly regard investigation and research as a process of understanding the situation, promoting work, connecting with the masses, doing things for the people and improving self-learning.

First, we should improve the universality of the research objects. Modern society is a diversified society. Due to the increasingly fine social division of labor, the differences in all aspects of society are increasingly prominent, and the development situation and focus of different departments and regions are different. In this case, on the one hand, the information needed by the Party committee and the government to make decisions has greatly increased, on the other hand, the representativeness of the local and individual has declined, which requires us to master as many situations as possible, be good at finding general rules from a large number of individual situations, and grasp objective things as a whole, so as to make correct decisions. In the past, there was a practice of crouching down for a week and a half, and typical investigation methods such as "dissecting sparrows" were widely used. This spirit should be studied and promoted, but now the pace of work is so fast, the information channels are so wide, the communication tools are so developed, and we have to take care of the situation on the surface. It is also necessary to improve the methods and means, and it is not appropriate to sell ourselves short. We should not only do a good job in typical investigation, but also pay attention to improving the universality of investigation and research objects. We should not cover the whole area with points, but only see trees and not forests. Comrade Mao Zedong attaches great importance to typical investigation and is an expert in conducting typical investigation, but he also cautiously sees that the application scope of typical investigation results is limited, and warns us not to be trapped in narrow empiricism. For leading cadres, especially provincial leading cadres, personal time and energy are limited, even if they spend more time on their own, it will inevitably have its limitations, and it is difficult to ensure that the objects of investigation and research are sufficiently extensive and representative.To solve this contradiction, it is necessary to give full play to the role of various localities and departments, especially the comprehensive research department, fully mobilize the research strength of all walks of life, make full use of modern information means, and achieve the combination of point and surface, up and down, internal and external, multi-level, multi-directional and multi-channel understanding of the situation, so that the decision-making has more factual basis. As the old saying goes, "A gentleman’s life is different, and goodness is false in things." This is the truth.

Second, we should improve the pertinence of investigation and research contents. Recently, in his important speech at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Hu Jintao explicitly asked us to "be brave in exploration, be brave in tackling difficulties, be good at innovation, analyze new situations, grasp new features and put forward new ideas, unswervingly implement the line, principles and policies of the Central Committee, and carry out work creatively in combination with reality, so as to constantly create a new situation in all work". To carry out this requirement, we must put targeted investigation and research in an important position. Practice shows that our investigation and research should focus on the central work, be close to reality, the masses and decision-making, be busy with ideas and seek for key points, and be targeted, get twice the result with half the effort and be fruitful. If you are away from the central work and the decision-making needs, the research effect will be greatly reduced. The current economic and social life is extremely complicated, so the policy research department should carry out investigation and study, and the countermeasures and suggestions put forward should not be vague and empty, but must be realistic, correct in thinking and specific in measures. In particular, under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development and the theory of building a harmonious socialist society, we should thoroughly study some new situations and problems in the practice of implementing the "Eighth Five-Year Plan", building a "peaceful Zhejiang" and a cultural province, and constantly put forward insights on "serving the symptoms". For most research results, improving pertinence means timeliness. For hot issues and important issues that leaders pay attention to, we must concentrate our efforts, respond quickly, investigate in time, and actively seek ideas, ideas, countermeasures, suggestions and solutions for leaders to meet their decision-making needs. "Writing at the right time, a word is worth a thousand dollars", and "being born at the right time" can be used for it. If times change and the focus of work shifts, the research results will be slowly produced, even if it is comprehensive, correct and profound, it will be too late to be of great use.

Third, we should improve the diversity of investigation and research methods. Our party has rich experience in investigation and research, and has formed many effective investigation and research methods in long-term practice, such as holding investigation meetings, seminars, visiting investigations, casing investigations, typical investigations, field visits, etc., which we should inherit and improve in the new period. At the same time, we must adapt to the new situation of economic and social development and change, be good at using scientific investigation methods, and comprehensively apply multidisciplinary theories such as economics, sociology, information theory, system theory and cybernetics to provide comprehensive, accurate and reliable information and data for correct decision-making. In concrete practice, we should adopt different investigation methods according to different investigation tasks and requirements, combine micro-investigation with macro-investigation, combine qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, boldly innovate and take a multi-pronged approach to improve the efficiency of investigation work and the quality of investigation results.

Fourth, we should improve the effectiveness of the research results. The general investigation and research is to understand the facts of the basic level and enhance the feelings with the masses, but the policy research department requires a little higher, not only to focus on investigation, but also to focus on research. I once said that "the key is to be good at research after investigation, to be good at spying on the whole leopard when grasping the point, and to be able to see the micro-knowledge and comprehensive refining in the running." Comrades in the policy research department should have the sensitivity to grasp the key points and identify the typical ones, and carry forward the spirit of perseverance and inquiry. At the same time, the investigation and study of the policy research department is not pure theoretical research, but also different from the specific work deployment, but a countermeasure application research combining theory with practice, and it must be emphasized that "research is applied". As the saying goes, "words can carry the Tao, and use is the most expensive." Specifically, the topic of investigation must be closely related to the needs of practical work. The starting point is to provide necessary countermeasures and suggestions for the work of party committees and governments, and the foothold is to solve specific problems in economic and social life; The field of vision of research must be broad and open, not only to foresee the trend and the general trend, but also to see the signs and tendencies of "the wind rises at the end of Qingping"; The process of investigation must be a process of careful analysis and research, from the rough to the fine, from the false to the true, from the outside to the inside. It must be able to grasp the essence and crux of things, reflect the whole picture and characteristics of things, find effective ways and means to solve problems, and avoid superficial, subjective assumptions, isolated, static and one-sided observation and research; The suggestions formed by the investigation must take into account both needs and possibilities.Put forward practical and concrete measures. Some countermeasures and suggestions seem to be correct, but they can only be shelved because they are difficult to actually operate.

[Excerpt from a speech at the Policy Research Office of the Provincial Party Committee on November 2, 2005]

To engage in pilot projects, we should "boldly imagine and carefully verify"

In various reforms, we often adopt the pilot method and gain some experience before popularizing it. Since it is a pilot project, which has never been done before, we must have the spirit of "being the first in the world", emancipate our minds, boldly rush and try, and reform whatever is conducive to development; It is to go beyond the original system and fundamentally break through the shackles of development.

Do a good job in the pilot work, while "boldly imagining", but also "carefully verifying." We should pay attention to strategies and methods, and strive to follow suit. We should adhere to the point test, promote it on the surface, make it easy before it is difficult, make it shallow before it is deep, adjust measures to local conditions, do not make a one-size-fits-all approach, and do not seek quick march. In the first pilot, we should encourage success, tolerate failure, correct mistakes, and pay attention to protecting the enthusiasm of cadres and the masses for reform; In all-round promotion, we should lead the way with mature experience, avoid repetition, reduce mistakes and minimize the risks and costs of reform as much as possible. At the same time, we should pay attention to combining the strength of reform with the affordability of the people, strengthen ideological and political work, improve various supporting measures, be active and steady, and make overall plans to ensure the smooth progress of reform.

[Excerpted from the column "Zhijiang Xinyu" of Zhejiang Daily on September 10, 2003.Article]　

Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station will not repeat the mistakes of Fukushima in the event of extreme accidents.

On March 24th, the staff explained the principle of nuclear power generation to media representatives. On the same day, at the invitation of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Operation Management Co., Ltd., more than 50 journalists from various media in Hong Kong formed a visiting group to visit Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station and held discussions with nuclear safety and emergency experts. Nuclear safety experts at Shenzhen Daya Bay Nuclear Power Base said that the power station of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Base has both site selection and design.

This is a panoramic view of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station taken on March 24th. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Qiuchan photo

The recent nuclear accident at Fukushima nuclear power plant has caused serious consequences. As the first large-scale commercial nuclear power plant in China, Daya Bay nuclear power plant has naturally attracted more attention: Can it resist extreme natural disasters such as earthquake and tsunami?

In this regard, relevant experts pointed out that Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station has five barriers, and its safety level and overall response capacity to serious accidents are significantly higher than those of Fukushima Nuclear Power Station, and there will be no consequences similar to those of Fukushima Nuclear Power Station in extreme accidents.

First, the technical route is different. Boiling water reactor has no steam generator, and the steam generated by boiling water directly drives the steam turbine. During normal operation, the steam is radioactive, and once it fails, the radioactivity will increase, making inspection and maintenance difficult. According to Pu Jilong, an expert from the National Nuclear Power Major Special Committee, the accident unit of Fukushima nuclear power plant adopts the old-fashioned single-layer circulating boiling water reactor, and the cooling water is directly introduced into the seawater cooling primary circuit, which belongs to the early nuclear power technology built in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

Pu Jilong said that Daya Bay nuclear power plant adopts pressurized water reactor technology, which fully draws lessons from the experience of the accident of Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in the United States in 1979 and the accident of Chernobyl nuclear power plant in the Soviet Union in 1986. The technology has been greatly improved, with the characteristics of high safety, advanced and reliable technology and so on. It belongs to a relatively advanced nuclear power plant built after the 1990s. At present, there are more than 70 similar units in operation all over the world, and accumulated more than 1000 years of experience in the operation of the same type of nuclear power units.

Second, special safety facilities are different. Pu Jilong said that the Fukushima nuclear power plant used the technology 40 years ago, and the reactor containment space was small, only about 3,400 cubic meters. In the case of serious accidents, the booster process was fast and hydrogen explosion was prone to occur.

The containment of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is composed of reinforced concrete cylinders with a space of 49,000 cubic meters, which can effectively reduce and dilute the hydrogen concentration and delay the pressurization time of the containment. At the same time, a hydrogen elimination system is installed in the containment, and dozens of hydrogen recombiners to deal with hydrogen risks can eliminate the risk of hydrogen explosion caused by hydrogen accumulation in the containment under serious accidents.

In addition, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is also equipped with a sand filter. Under extreme working conditions, if the containment pressure exceeds the design value, the sand filter can discharge the gas in the containment to the atmosphere, and the sand filter can retain most of the radionuclides in the gas to prevent the radioactive substances in the primary circuit from being released to the environment directly out of control.

Third, the geological conditions are different. According to Li Zhongcheng, an expert from the National Energy and Nuclear Power Engineering Technology Research and Development Center, Japan is located at the junction of the Asia-Europe plate and the Pacific plate, where the Pacific plate is subducting to the Asia-Europe plate, and the crustal movement is active. Strong earthquakes mainly occur in the plate subduction and collision zones.

The site of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Base was selected from more than 10 alternative sites in the coastal areas of Guangdong Province. It is located in the coastal zone in the southeast of Eurasian plate, far from the south-north tectonic belt with strong structural deformation and the subduction zone of Philippine Sea plate. There is no fault zone near the site, and the crust is safe and stable. There has never been an earthquake exceeding magnitude 5 on the Richter scale in history.

Fourth, the ability to cope with the tsunami is different. The Fukushima nuclear power plant in Japan was safe and controllable after the earthquake, and the related plants and facilities were basically complete. According to the current accident analysis, the tsunami flooded the diesel engine, which led to the uncontrollable accident and gradually deteriorated. Therefore, whether Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station can cope with similar tsunami is a concern of the outside world.

Li Zhongcheng said that Daya Bay belongs to the marginal sea. Because the seawater is not deep enough, it is only 20 to 30 meters, and the spread of tsunami requires a water depth of nearly 1,000 meters. Generally, there is an "island arc" between the marginal sea and the open sea. The "island arc" is a series of island chains, and the tsunami caused by seismic waves can only be transmitted from the gaps in the island chains, with limited energy. The highest tsunami recorded on the coast of China is below 0.5 meters, so there will be no strong tsunami similar to that in Japan at the Daya Bay nuclear power plant site.

The biggest natural disaster risk faced by nuclear power plant sites in China’s coastal areas is super typhoon. Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is located in an area where tropical typhoons often occur. The design benchmark flood control water level of the plant site is the sum of astronomical high tide level exceeding the probability of 10%, possible maximum storm surge water increase and sea level rise during the life of the power plant.

Secondly, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station’s ability to cope with tsunami is also higher than that of Fukushima Nuclear Power Station. Even if the Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station loses all the power sources inside and outside the plant, it can use the steam generated by the secondary loop through the core waste heat to drive the steam-driven feed pump related to nuclear safety to supply water to the steam generator. At the same time, the secondary loop is equipped with an atmospheric exhaust system, which can cool the reactor core through natural circulation after power failure and discharge heat to the atmosphere to avoid the continuous rise of temperature and pressure in the reactor pressure vessel. In addition, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is equipped with two emergency diesel engines for each unit according to the standard, and a fifth diesel engine is also equipped for standby. In addition, the problem of mobile power supply is also being considered.

Fifth, long-term adherence to the nuclear safety culture of "safety first". Jiang Xinghua, director of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station, said that the principle of "safety first, quality first" has always been implemented in the production and construction process of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station, which regards safety as the lifeline of nuclear power and respects and guards nuclear safety with a spirit of being highly responsible to the country and society. When other work elements conflict with safety, they must give way unconditionally. At any time and under any circumstances, we should put safety and quality first, and do not exchange quality for progress or safety for power generation. For example, shortly after the start of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station in September 1987, quality inspectors found that some steel bars were leaked from the raft foundation of the nuclear island. In order to ensure the quality of engineering construction, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station has been rectified for one month at the cost of $1 million per day of shutdown. In February, 1995, when Unit 1 of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station carried out the rod drop test, the staff found that the rod drop time of a few control rods was different from the design standard. Although the test results were within the safety margin and did not affect the unit operation, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station decisively stopped the unit, opened the reactor pressure vessel for treatment five times, thoroughly found out the reasons for the deviation and made proper improvements before starting the unit operation. The handling of this incident lasted for five months, and it paid a great economic price, but in exchange for the good reputation of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station, such as safety first, seriousness, conservative decision-making, "zero tolerance, zero defects and zero mistakes".

Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is located in Dapeng Peninsula, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province. Construction started in 1987 and it was put into commercial operation in 1994. It is the first large-scale commercial nuclear power station in China. Since the unit was put into production, it has maintained safe and stable operation. Since 1999, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station has won 21 first prizes in 64 international safety performance challenges of similar units. (Reporter Peng Yong)

Circular Economy Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China

　　Xinhuanet Beijing August 29 th


　　Circular Economy Promotion Law of the People’s Republic of China


　　Catalogue


　　Chapter I General Principles


　　Chapter II Basic Management System


　　Chapter III Reduction


　　Chapter IV Reuse and Resource Utilization


　　Chapter V Incentive Measures


　　Chapter VI Legal Liability


　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions


　　Chapter I General Principles


　　Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to promote the development of circular economy, improve the efficiency of resource utilization, protect and improve the environment and realize sustainable development.


　　Article 2 The term "circular economy" as mentioned in this Law refers to the activities of reduction, reuse and recycling in the process of production, circulation and consumption.


　　The term "reduction" as mentioned in this Law refers to the reduction of resource consumption and waste generation in the process of production, circulation and consumption.


　　Reuse as mentioned in this Law refers to the direct use of waste as a product or its continued use as a product after repair, renovation and remanufacturing, or the use of all or part of waste as a component of other products.


　　The term "recycling" as mentioned in this Law refers to the direct utilization of wastes as raw materials or the recycling of wastes.


　　Article 3 The development of circular economy is an important strategy for the country’s economic and social development, and it should follow the principles of overall planning, rational layout, adjusting measures to local conditions, paying attention to actual results, government promotion, market guidance, enterprise implementation and public participation.


　　Article 4 The development of circular economy shall be carried out on the premise that the technology is feasible, the economy is reasonable, and it is conducive to saving resources and protecting the environment, in accordance with the principle of giving priority to reduction.


　　In the process of waste reuse and recycling, production safety should be ensured, product quality should meet the standards set by the state, and re-pollution should be prevented.


　　Article 5 The comprehensive management department of circular economy development in the State Council is responsible for organizing, coordinating, supervising and managing the development of circular economy throughout the country; The State Council environmental protection and other relevant competent departments shall be responsible for the supervision and management of circular economy according to their respective responsibilities.


　　The comprehensive management department of circular economy development of local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for organizing, coordinating, supervising and managing the development of circular economy in their respective administrative areas; Relevant competent departments of environmental protection of local people’s governments at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and management of circular economy according to their respective responsibilities.


　　Article 6 The formulation of industrial policies by the state shall meet the requirements of developing circular economy.


　　The people’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate plans for national economic and social development and annual plans, and the relevant departments of the people’s governments at or above the county level shall formulate plans for environmental protection, science and technology, etc., which shall include the development of circular economy.


　　Article 7 The State encourages and supports the research, development and popularization of circular economy science and technology, and encourages the publicity, education, popularization of scientific knowledge and international cooperation of circular economy.


　　Article 8 People’s governments at or above the county level shall establish a target responsibility system for developing circular economy and take measures such as planning, finance, investment and government procurement to promote the development of circular economy.


　　Article 9 Enterprises and institutions shall establish and improve management systems, take measures to reduce resource consumption, reduce the amount and discharge of waste, and improve the level of reuse and resource utilization of waste.


　　Article 10 Citizens should enhance their awareness of saving resources and protecting the environment, rationally consume and save resources.


　　The state encourages and guides citizens to use products that are energy-saving, water-saving and material-saving, and are conducive to environmental protection and recycled products, so as to reduce the amount and discharge of waste.


　　Citizens have the right to report acts of wasting resources and damaging the environment, and have the right to know the information of the government’s development of circular economy and put forward opinions and suggestions.


　　Article 11 The State encourages and supports trade associations to play the role of technical guidance and service in the development of circular economy. People’s governments at or above the county level may entrust qualified trade associations and other social organizations to carry out public services to promote the development of circular economy.


　　The state encourages and supports intermediaries, societies and other social organizations to carry out circular economy propaganda, technology popularization and consulting services to promote the development of circular economy.


　　Chapter II Basic Management System


　　Article 12 The comprehensive management department of circular economy development in the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant competent departments of environmental protection in the State Council, prepare a national circular economy development plan, which shall be promulgated and implemented after being submitted to the State Council for approval. The comprehensive management department of circular economy development of the local people’s government at or above the municipal level with districts shall, jointly with the relevant competent departments of environmental protection of the people’s government at the corresponding level, prepare the circular economy development plan of the administrative region, and report it to the people’s government at the corresponding level for approval before promulgation and implementation.


　　Circular economy development planning should include planning objectives, scope of application, main contents, key tasks and safeguard measures, etc., and stipulate indicators such as resource output rate, waste reuse and resource utilization rate.


　　Article 13 Local people’s governments at or above the county level shall plan and adjust the industrial structure of their respective administrative regions according to the control indicators of major pollutant discharge, construction land and total water consumption issued by the people’s governments at higher levels, so as to promote the development of circular economy.


　　New construction, renovation and expansion projects must meet the requirements of the main pollutant discharge, construction land and total water consumption control indicators in this administrative region.


　　Article 14 The comprehensive management department of circular economy development in the State Council shall establish and improve the evaluation index system of circular economy in conjunction with relevant departments in charge of statistics and environmental protection in the State Council.


　　The people’s government at a higher level shall regularly assess the development of circular economy by the people’s government at a lower level according to the main evaluation indicators specified in the preceding paragraph, and take the completion of the main evaluation indicators as the content of assessment and evaluation of local people’s governments and their responsible persons.


　　Fifteenth enterprises that produce products or packages listed in the compulsory recycling list must be responsible for recycling abandoned products or packages; Those that can be used shall be used by each production enterprise; For those that are not suitable for use because they do not have technical and economic conditions, each production enterprise shall be responsible for harmless disposal.


　　Where the producer entrusts a seller or other organization to recycle the waste products or packages specified in the preceding paragraph, or entrusts a waste utilization or disposal enterprise to utilize or dispose of them, the trustee shall be responsible for recycling or utilizing and disposing of them in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations and the contract.


　　For the products and packages listed in the compulsory recycling list, consumers shall hand over the abandoned products or packages to the producers or the sellers or other organizations entrusted by them to recycle.


　　The catalogue and management measures of products and packages that are subject to compulsory recycling shall be formulated by the comprehensive management department of circular economy development in the State Council.


　　Article 16 The state shall implement a key supervision and management system for energy consumption and water consumption of key enterprises whose annual comprehensive energy consumption and water consumption exceed the total amount stipulated by the state in industries such as steel, nonferrous metals, coal, electric power, petroleum processing, chemical industry, building materials, construction, paper making, printing and dyeing.


　　Energy conservation supervision and management of key energy consuming units shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of the Energy Conservation Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).


　　Measures for the supervision and management of key water users shall be formulated by the comprehensive management department of circular economy development in the State Council in conjunction with relevant departments in the State Council.


　　Article 17 The state shall establish and improve the statistical system of circular economy, strengthen the statistical management of resource consumption, comprehensive utilization and waste generation, and publish the main statistical indicators to the society regularly.


　　The standardization department in the State Council shall, jointly with the relevant departments in charge of comprehensive management of circular economy development and environmental protection in the State Council, establish and improve the standard system of circular economy, and formulate and improve the standards of energy saving, water saving, material saving, waste reuse and resource utilization.


　　The state shall establish and improve the resource consumption labeling system for products such as energy efficiency labeling.

Cheer for China! Do you know these Olympic knowledge？

Opening ceremony of the 2024 Paris Olympic Games

It was held in the Seine River in the early morning of July 27th, Beijing time.

This grand celebration on the Seine.

Not only is it the opening ceremony of a sports event,

It is also a feast of culture and art.

What do you know about the elements of the Paris Olympic Games?

What do the mascots, torches and medals of the Paris Olympic Games look like? A picture shows you these elements of the Paris Olympic Games.

How dazzling are the Paris Olympic venues?

The opening ceremony was held on the river, the runway was painted purple, and the ball game under the Eiffel Tower … The romance of Paris doesn’t stop there. Let’s watch the eggs in the Paris Olympic venues.

More

"China’s Intellectual Creation" at the Paris Olympic Games

This time, not only athletes from China, but also many sports equipment produced by China enterprises boarded the Olympic Games. From barbells to bicycles, from table tennis tables to floor screens, more and more "China’s wisdom" shines in the venues of the Paris Olympic Games.

More

Little knowledge about the Olympic Games

What is the Olympic Games?

"Olympic Games" is the abbreviation of the Olympic Games, and it is the largest comprehensive sports meeting in the world. It originated in ancient Greece more than 2,000 years ago and was named after Olympia, where it was held. The Olympic Games is held every four years, with the purpose of encouraging people to constantly surpass themselves, communicating with people of all countries and promoting the all-round development of people’s physiology, psychology and social morality.

Are the Olympic Games only held in summer?

No. The Olympic Games include the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games, which are held two years apart. Summer Olympic Games usually include track and field, swimming, gymnastics, archery and other sports; The events of the Winter Olympic Games are mainly ice and snow events, such as skiing, skating and ice hockey.

When did China host the Olympic Games?

In 2008, China successfully hosted the 29th Summer Olympic Games, and the host city was Beijing. In 2022, China once again became the focus of the world, hosting the 24th Winter Olympic Games in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. Because Beijing is the first city in history to host the Summer Olympic Games and the Winter Olympic Games, it is also known as the "Double Olympic City".

What is the meaning of the Olympic rings?

The Olympic rings are the symbols of the Olympic Games, which are composed of five rings of equal size, and the upper three rings are blue, black and red. The colors of the lower two rings are yellow and green. The five colors of the Olympic rings represent five continents, symbolizing that athletes from five continents get together at the Olympic Games.

Why should the Olympic Games light the flame?

The Olympic flame is lit to commemorate Prometheus, a hero who stole fire for mankind in ancient Greek mythology. It was lit in Olympia, Greece, the birthplace of the Olympic Games, and then passed to the main venue of the Olympic Games in the form of a relay run. The torch relay symbolizes not only the inheritance of the Olympic spirit, but also light, unity, friendship, peace and justice.

How long will the 2024 Paris Olympic Games last?

The 2024 Paris Olympic Games (the 33rd Summer Olympic Games) opened on July 26th and closed on August 11th, local time, and some events started first on July 24th.

What are the advantages of China Olympic Games?

China sports delegation’s traditional Olympic advantages include diving, table tennis, weightlifting, gymnastics, shooting and badminton. These advantageous events have made important contributions to the success of the China delegation in the Olympic Games.

How many events are there in the Paris Olympic Games?

There are 32 major events and 329 minor events in the Paris Olympic Games. Among the 32 sports, there are 28 permanent sports such as water sports, archery, track and field, gymnastics and cycling, and four new sports such as break dancing, skateboarding, rock climbing and surfing.

Coubertin, the "father of modern Olympics", once said: "The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not victory, but participation; Just as the most important thing in life is not success, but struggle. "

Let’s witness the Olympic spirit together

Shine again in the new Olympic Games.

Let’s cheer for China athletes!

Source: Henan Association for Science and Technology/Source: Copyright Gallery/Statement: This article is reproduced only for the public welfare purpose of transmitting more popular science knowledge to the public. The text of the picture is reproduced from the Internet and other WeChat official account, and the copyright belongs to the original author. If there is anything wrong, please contact (470363313@qq.com).

Editor Wang Shan

Proofread Wei Jiaojiao

Review Yang Yue

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Original title: "Come on for China! Do you know these Olympic knowledge? 》

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Break through 5 trillion! 9 sets of data to see the ＂report card＂ of marine economy in the first half of the year

Editor’s note:

Developing marine economy and building a maritime power are of great significance to the sustainable development of China’s economy and society and the promotion of Chinese modernization. According to the data released by the Ministry of Natural Resources a few days ago, in the first half of 2025, in the face of the complex and ever-changing external environment, the marine economy withstood the pressure and the development trend was stable and positive.

Source: Ministry of Natural Resources.

Graphic Editor: Yang Xi Intern Li Yuejia

Audi Q6 in Taizhou is on sale, with the latest offer of 309,000 yuan! There are plenty of cars.

[car home Taizhou Preferential Promotion Channel] In the current Taizhou market, a large-scale price reduction promotion activity is being carried out, with the highest preferential amount reaching an astonishing 158,600, and the lowest starting price dropping to 309,000. This offer not only attracts the attention of many consumers, but also makes this luxury SUV a hot topic in the recent auto market. In order to ensure that you can enjoy the maximum preferential strength, please be sure to click "Check the car price" in the quotation form in order to get a higher discount.

台州地区奥迪Q6正在优惠，最新报价30.9万！现车充足

Audi Q6 adopts a fashionable and scientific design, and its front face is equipped with a large air intake grille, combined with sharp LED headlights and chrome-plated decoration, showing a strong sense of sports and luxury. The body lines are smooth and dynamic, and the overall style is both fashionable and atmospheric.

Audi Q6 has a body size of 5099*2014*1784mm and a wheelbase of 2980 mm. The spacious interior space brings a comfortable ride experience. The body lines are smooth, with a front tread of 1704mm and a rear tread of 1721mm, which gives the vehicle excellent handling stability. Equipped with 20-inch wheels and 255/50 R20 tires, it shows the unique dynamic and luxurious style of Audi Q6.

台州地区奥迪Q6正在优惠，最新报价30.9万！现车充足

Audi Q6′ s interior design adopts high-end luxury style, showing high-end brand image. The steering wheel is made of leather, which provides a comfortable grip and a good sense of operation, and supports manual adjustment up and down and back and forth to meet the needs of different drivers. The center console is equipped with a 10.1-inch touch screen, which integrates multimedia system, navigation, telephone and voice recognition control system of air conditioner, bringing convenient and intelligent experience to drivers. In addition, the car is equipped with a Type-C interface and multiple USB/Type-C interfaces, which is convenient for passengers to connect devices to charge or transmit data. The front seats are made of leather, and the main and co-pilot seats have the functions of front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, height adjustment (4-way), leg rest adjustment and lumbar support (4-way), providing excellent riding comfort. The front seats also have a heating function, which provides extra warmth in the cold season. In addition, the driver’s seat is also equipped with electric seat memory function, which is convenient for the driver to quickly adjust to the ideal position. The second row of seats also supports front and rear adjustment and backrest adjustment, and the rear seats can also be laid down in proportion to provide more storage space. On the whole, the interior of Audi Q6 not only pays attention to comfort and convenience, but also fully demonstrates the perfect combination of luxury and technology.

台州地区奥迪Q6正在优惠，最新报价30.9万！现车充足

Audi Q6 is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged engine, with a powerful power output of 231 HP, a maximum power of 170kW and a maximum torque of 370 N m. With the 7-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox, it brings an efficient and smooth driving experience.

Car home car owners shared his car selection experience, from focusing on Cadillac XT6 to British finidi QX60, and finally choosing Audi Q6. He mentioned that the appearance of Audi Q6 made his choice more clear, and finally booked a car in December last year. He said with satisfaction: "The debut of Audi Q6 made my eyes shine and eventually became my choice."

After 66 years of taking the oath to join the party, the real version of ＂Yu Zecheng＂ finally resumed membership.

　　Recently, an article "Yu Zecheng has sacrificed" was screened. The article tells the prototype of Yu Zecheng, the hero of the TV series Latent — — The story of Lieutenant General Wu Shi.

　　In fact, there have always been some people who are unknown and continue the same revolutionary cause as "Yu Zecheng" with their own life; They Do not forget your initiative mind, keep in mind the mission, and forge ahead with tenacity.

　　On June 23rd, CCTV’s Face to Face broadcast a touching story of 99-year-old Henan veteran Suo Liangmin who finally recovered his identity as party member after waiting for 66 years.

　　"The Japanese have hit the door, can we wait?"

　　In 1920, Suo Liangmin was born in a peasant family in Yiyang, Henan. When I was a teenager, I worked as a farmer. I went to primary school for 4 years and studied in a private school for 3 years. In March 1938, he joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) with his uncle Suo Yuanli. In the same year, under the call of "defending Wuhan", in order to save the country, Suo Liangmin resolutely joined the army and threw himself into the war against the Japanese invasion of Henan.

　　In 1948, Suo Liangmin was approved as "Special party member of the Communist Party of China" by the Intelligence Department of the Western Henan Military Region, and went on underground work under the pseudonym of "Shi Rong". After the founding of New China, Suo Liangmin made an indelible contribution to the construction of New China. He won the military service five times because of his excellent completion of various tasks assigned by his superiors, and was awarded the first-class hero by the former Central South Military Region.

　　"Volunteer to join communist party, abide by the discipline of communist party, never betray the party, and do whatever you want."

　　Because of his special status, Suo Liangmin’s party joining ceremony was held in a wheat field.

　　At that time, Zhang Zhaofang, an underground member of the Communist Party of China who had been in single-line contact with Suo Liangmin, took Suo Liangmin to the wheat field outside the south gate of Zhengzhou. In order to ensure safety, Zhang Zhaofang told Suo Liangmin that party constitution was buried underground in the western suburbs and dared not take it. He could only tell Suo Liangmin about party constitution and the party’s discipline. Later, Suo Liangmin said, "Join communist party voluntarily, abide by communist party’s discipline, and never betray the party."

　　After the founding of New China, due to the lack of organizational relations in the earliest archives, Suo Liangmin’s identity has not changed from "Special party member" to "Communist party member". This matter has become a knot in his heart and he can’t let it go. After retirement, Suo Liangmin lived in a pension apartment. In 2013, when collecting information in party member, Suo Liangmin found Ma Jianxun, Party Secretary of the Pension Apartment, and told him his heartfelt wishes. In April, 2014, Ma Jianxun got the approval from the higher party organization, and finally helped Suo Liangmin realize his 66-year wish.

　　"Veterans can still fight today, and build meritorious deeds to repay the party."

　　An identity, Suo Liangmin waited for 66 years, and in these 66 years, although there was no official party member’s identity, Suo Liangmin still did not change his mind, always demanding himself as a Communist party member, and never gave up his faith.

　　At the time of housing distribution in the unit, Suo Liangmin, who had a high degree and a senior engineer title, gave up his house of more than 100 square meters and still lived in his house of more than 30 square meters. Not only that, Suo Liangmin also actively participated in various non-profit organizations, and used all his savings of more than 100,000 yuan for poverty alleviation and public utilities construction. Suo Liangmin said: "The country has given me too many honors, but I have done very little. I only have a down-to-earth attitude, Do not forget your initiative mind. "

　　It is the initial intention and mission of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people to seek happiness for the people of China and rejuvenation for the Chinese nation. 66 years, half a century long. From the hero who fought bravely in those days to the old man who is now faltering and white-haired, Suo Liangmin has always been in Do not forget your initiative mind, bearing in mind his mission, which is worth learning from every cadre in party member and being praised by our younger generation.