标签： 上海品茶网

Jinan Housing Provident Fund Center issued a new policy, and the provident fund can be used to pay the down payment for house purchase from now on.

　　On September 15th, Jinan Housing Provident Fund Center issued a new policy. Employees who paid the housing provident fund in the headquarters of Jinan Housing Provident Fund Center can buy new commercial housing or stock housing in the administrative area of Jinan, and my spouse and I can apply for withdrawing the housing provident fund to pay the down payment. The policy will take effect immediately.

Jinan Housing Provident Fund Center issued a new policy, and the provident fund can be used to pay the down payment for house purchase from now on.

　　Optimistic about the applicable area: the down payment for second-hand houses is limited to the main city.

　　The policy stipulates that new commercial housing should be purchased in Lixia District, Shizhong District, Huaiyin District, tianqiao district, Licheng District, Changqing District, Zhangqiu District, Jiyang District, Laiwu District and Gangcheng District of this city; Employees and their spouses who have paid in the headquarters to buy existing housing in Lixia District, Shizhong District, Huaiyin District, tianqiao district City, Licheng District and Changqing District of this Municipality may apply for transferring the balance of individual housing provident fund account to the supervision account to pay the down payment for house purchase. Employees whose purchased houses are not in the above-mentioned areas or who have not applied for transferring the balance of individual housing provident fund account to the supervision account to pay the down payment can apply for withdrawal of individual housing provident fund after the online signing of new commercial housing or the transfer of stock housing transactions, and the withdrawal amount shall not exceed the down payment of purchased houses.

　　Look at the handling conditions: the process of buying houses with different properties is different.

　　In order to ensure the safety of funds, the application for the down payment business of provident fund needs to be handled at the scene with the identity certificate, and both husband and wife should apply at the same time.

　　Among them, for the purchase of newly-built pre-sale commercial housing, the purchaser will sign the Letter of Commitment on Authorization for Withdrawing Housing Provident Fund to Pay the Down Payment of House Purchase at the service hall window of the Provident Fund Center with the Confirmation Sheet of Jinan Commercial Housing Pre-sale Fund Deposit Information (provided by real estate development enterprises). If the spouse of the purchaser applies, it is necessary to provide proof of marriage relationship to apply at the scene. Applicants are required to complete the online signing formalities with the Housing Provident Fund Payment Certificate to the real estate development enterprise within 3 working days. After obtaining the online signing information, the provident fund center will transfer the withdrawal amount to the special account for the supervision of pre-sale funds of commercial housing in this project.

　　When purchasing a newly-built commodity house for sale, the purchaser and the real estate development enterprise shall sign an online contract to Jinan Real Estate Transaction and Leasing Service Center (hereinafter referred to as the "Real Estate Transaction Center") to handle the fund supervision business, and sign the "Authorization Commitment for Withdrawing Housing Provident Fund to Pay the Down Payment for House Purchase" on the spot. If the spouse of the purchaser applies, it is necessary to provide proof of marriage relationship to apply at the scene. The real estate transaction center will push the relevant information of the applicant to the provident fund center. The Provident Fund Center shall review and approve the withdrawal qualification and withdrawal amount within 1 working day after receiving the push information. If there is no mistake in the review, the withdrawal amount shall be immediately transferred to the special account for the supervision of the stock room funds of the real estate trading center. Within 1 working day after the withdrawal amount is deposited in the supervision account, the real estate trading center completes the transfer of funds to the real estate development enterprise.

　　For the purchase of stock housing, both parties to the transaction go to the real estate trading center to handle online signing and fund supervision business, and sign the "Commitment Letter of Authorization for Withdrawing Housing Provident Fund to Pay the Down Payment for House Purchase" on the spot. If the spouse of the purchaser applies, it is necessary to provide proof of marriage relationship to apply at the scene. The real estate transaction center will push the relevant information of the applicant to the provident fund center. The Provident Fund Center shall review and approve the withdrawal qualification and withdrawal amount within 1 working day after receiving the push information. If there is no mistake in the review, the withdrawal amount shall be immediately transferred to the special account for the supervision of the stock room funds of the real estate trading center. Within 1 working day after the parties to the transaction complete the registration of real estate, the real estate trading center completes the transfer of funds to the seller.

　　Optimistic about restrictive conditions: personal loan rate ≥ Suspend extraction at 90%

　　According to the policy, in order to prevent the liquidity risk of housing provident fund, the down payment business of housing provident fund is dynamically managed according to the real-time situation of the personal housing loan rate of the headquarters of the provident fund center (hereinafter referred to as "personal loan rate", which refers to the ratio of the balance of personal housing provident fund loans to the balance of housing provident fund deposits), and the personal loan rate is regularly published on the official website of Jinan Housing Provident Fund. When the personal loan rate is below 90%, the business specified in these rules will be accepted normally; When the personal loan rate is higher than 90% (inclusive), the business specified in these rules will be suspended.

　　The policy stipulates that each house can withdraw the balance of the housing provident fund account once to pay the down payment for buying a house. Eligible buyers and their spouses shall jointly submit an application at one time, and the total withdrawal amount shall not exceed the down payment amount stipulated in the online signing contract. If the withdrawal amount is less than the down payment amount stipulated in the online signing contract, the remaining part shall be filled by the buyers themselves.

　　For employees who have paid the down payment for the provident fund, they can apply for housing provident fund loans if they meet the conditions for housing provident fund loans. The down payment amount of provident fund can be combined with the balance of individual housing provident fund account to calculate the amount of provident fund loan. Employees who have paid the down payment from provident fund can no longer apply for withdrawal of housing provident fund according to the conditions of purchasing this property.

　　For the cancellation or change of the online signing contract, the down payment paid by the purchaser’s provident fund shall be returned to the Jinan Housing Provident Fund Center account and re-included in the individual housing provident fund account. (Jinan Times New Yellow River Client Reporter Luo Xiaofei)

　　Memorabilia of Jinan Provident Fund Policy Adjustment in Recent 2 Years

　　On May 23, 2022, the amount of public loan for the first home was increased.

　　The maximum loan amount for a family with one person contributing to the provident fund is raised from 300,000 yuan to 350,000 yuan.

　　The maximum loan amount for families with two or more people contributing to the provident fund will be raised from 600,000 yuan to 700,000 yuan.

　　On May 24, 2022, the "house recognition and loan recognition" was cancelled.

　　The first suite identification standard was changed from no housing and no housing loan record in this city to no housing in this city.

　　The down payment ratio of public loans for the first home of non-local registered families was adjusted from 60% to 30%.

　　On August 15, 2022, the down payment ratio of the second home public loan was lowered.

　　The minimum down payment ratio is adjusted from 60% to 40%, which is consistent with commercial loans.

　　On October 1, 2022, the interest rate of the first home public loan was lowered.

　　The interest rate of the first home public loan was lowered by 0.15 percentage points, and the interest rates for less than 5 years (including 5 years) and more than 5 years were adjusted to 2.6% and 3.1% respectively.

　　The interest rate of the second home public loan remains unchanged, and the interest rates for less than 5 years (including 5 years) and more than 5 years are not less than 3.025% and 3.575% respectively.

　　On November 12, 2022, the amount of public loan for the first home was increased again.

　　The maximum loan amount for a family with one person contributing to the provident fund is raised from 350,000 yuan to 500,000 yuan.

　　The maximum loan amount for families with two or more people contributing to the provident fund will be raised from 700,000 yuan to 800,000 yuan.

　　On January 10, 2023, the amount of public loans for families with many children increased.

　　When a two-child family buys the first suite, one person can borrow up to 600,000 yuan from the provident fund, and two or more people can borrow up to 900,000 yuan from the provident fund.

　　When a family with three children or more buys the first suite, one person can borrow up to 600,000 yuan from the provident fund, and two or more people can borrow up to 1 million yuan from the provident fund.

　　On July 6, 2023, the amount of public loans for college graduates increased.

　　College graduates leave for employment and start businesses, pay the housing provident fund for three months before the end of the graduation year, and buy the first suite within five years of graduation. The first public loan amount can be increased by up to 200,000 yuan on the basis of the actual loanable amount.

　　(Zheng Chuqiao finishing)

In the new era, China’s high-quality economic development, industrial and financial cooperation and building a manufacturing power.

　　The large-scale fire fighting/water rescue amphibious aircraft AG600 was assembled and rolled off in Zhuhai a few days ago. This is another major achievement made by China in the field of large aircraft. Every breakthrough of "Made in China" is a powerful annotation of China’s economy. Xinhua news agency

　　[Economic Interface, Building a Modern Economic System]

　　Manufacturing is the main body of the real economy and the foundation of the construction of a modern economic system. How to allocate more financial resources to the key areas and weak links of manufacturing development in accordance with the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, promote the transformation from China manufacturing to China creation, from China speed to China quality, and from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power, are major issues facing China’s high-quality economic development in the new era.

　　Finance is the lifeblood of modern economy, and smooth finance leads to substantial prosperity. Finance supports the construction of manufacturing power, on the one hand, it needs finance to return to its origin and enhance the ability to serve the development of manufacturing industry; On the other hand, it is also necessary to actively create conditions to provide guarantee support for financial reform and innovation.

　　1. What is the root cause?

　　Financing is difficult and expensive for manufacturing industry.

　　[status quo]

　　Data show that from 2006— In the decade of 2016, the proportion of loans in China’s manufacturing industry dropped from 25% to 16.2%. Affected by this, the growth rate of China’s manufacturing investment continued to decline from 2012 to 4.2% in 2016, and it decreased by 27.4 percentage points in five years, which lasted for a long time and the decline was unprecedented. Although it stopped falling and rebounded in 2017, it was only 4.8%.

　　Financing is difficult and expensive, which is a prominent problem in the development of China’s manufacturing industry in recent years.

　　2006— In the decade of 2016, the proportion of loans in China’s manufacturing industry dropped from 25% to 16.2%. Affected by this, the growth rate of China’s manufacturing investment has continued to decline since 2012. Investment is not only related to the current economic growth, but also to the cultivation and generation of new kinetic energy, which plays a key role in optimizing the supply structure. The weak investment has seriously restricted the optimization and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry.

　　The formation of this problem is first related to the inadaptability of China’s manufacturing development under the new normal, and also reflects the inadaptability of China’s financial structure. For a long time, the development of China’s manufacturing industry has a remarkable "speed-benefit" feature, the economic growth has reached more than 10%, and all industries, trades and enterprises will make profits; Once the economic growth is lower than 8%, many industries will suffer industry-wide losses. With China’s economic development entering a new normal, the growth rate has shifted from high-speed growth of about 10% to medium-high-speed growth of about 7%, and the efficiency of enterprises has begun to decline continuously. The research shows that the average return on equity of China’s A-share non-financial listed companies has been declining since 2010, from 12.9% to 6.8% in 2015, while the weighted average asset-liability ratio has increased from 58.2% in 2010 to 60.1% in 2015. In 2016, the leverage ratio of the enterprise sector was still as high as 165%, far higher than the international warning line of 90%.

　　From the perspective of financial structure, bank loans, bonds and stocks currently account for more than 80% of the financing amount of the real economy. These three financing methods all have typical procyclical characteristics. When the economic situation is good, the benefits of enterprises are good, banks are willing to lend, and it is easier to issue bonds and stocks; The economic situation is not good, and the efficiency of enterprises is declining. For the sake of risk prevention and control, banks will be reluctant to lend, suppress loans or even cut off loans, and it is difficult to issue bonds and stocks. Before 2012, this financing method will not have much problem for the investment development of enterprises, because the economic growth rate has decreased, but it is a short-term fluctuation in high-speed growth, and it will soon resume high-speed growth. In other words, China’s financial structure based on bank loans is more suitable for the previous high-speed growth stage. Facing the requirements of high-quality development in the new era, it also needs reform, optimization and innovative development.

　　Revitalizing manufacturing industry, especially advanced manufacturing industry, is the key to realize a virtuous circle of economy in the short term and the lifeline of national economy in the long term. Finance is the lifeblood of modern economy, and smooth finance leads to substantial prosperity. Facing the inevitable requirement of China’s economic development in the new era and the fierce competition in the world, we must focus on eliminating the financing constraints of manufacturing development, guide and promote finance to improve the efficiency and level of service manufacturing development, and accelerate the construction of a manufacturing power.

　　2. How to support it

　　Create new demands of powerful countries for financial development.

　　[trend]

　　The development of China’s manufacturing industry in the new era requires not only effective financing support from finance, but also a series of service solutions including consulting, investment and financial management, so as to realize the transformation from "financing" to "integrating wisdom".

　　At present, the scale of China’s manufacturing industry has been ranked first in the world for seven consecutive years, but the problems of insufficient development imbalance such as key core technologies being controlled by people and lack of world-renowned brands are still very prominent. We must implement the innovation-driven development strategy with greater efforts, accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing industries, support the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, and promote quality change, efficiency change and power change.

　　Different development needs different financial support. First, we should vigorously implement differentiated credit policies. At present, bank credit funds account for more than 2/3 of China’s real economy financing. In accordance with the requirements of supply-side structural reform, we should improve and optimize credit conditions, support the manufacturing industry to increase varieties, improve quality and create brands, actively resolve excess production capacity, eliminate backward production capacity, and give full play to the role of finance in promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. At the same time, we should vigorously develop small and medium-sized banks and private financial institutions. It is strictly forbidden for bank funds to enter the stock market and real estate market for speculation and so-called innovation that is divorced from the real economy. In fact, after World War II, Germany and Japan also experienced a situation similar to today’s China. In order to accelerate the upgrading and development of manufacturing industry, both governments have adopted structural credit support policies.

　　Second, vigorously develop industrial chain finance, financial leasing and other financial services that are directly integrated with the industry. Industrial chain finance is a service model that financial institutions rely on the core enterprises in the industrial chain to provide comprehensive solutions for all enterprises in the industrial chain. Compared with bank loans, it is more service-oriented and targeted. However, financial leasing integrates financing and material integration, and reduces the pressure of one-time payment of funds, which provides an effective way for enterprises to upgrade their technical equipment. In 1950s and 1960s, the United States upgraded its technical equipment in this way. At present, the penetration rate of financial leasing in developed countries such as the United States and Britain remains above 50%, while China has not yet reached 5%, and there is still much room for improvement.

　　Third, actively develop venture capital (VC), private equity funds (PE) and other financing products, and explore service modes such as equity pledge loans and investment-loan linkage to provide long-term and stable financial support for the innovation and development of manufacturing industry. VC is future-oriented, and values the potential and benefits of the future development of enterprises. It does not require the past operating conditions, nor does it require enterprises to provide financing mortgages. PE is a combination of financing and financing, which not only provides capital support for enterprise development, but also provides all-round value-added services for enterprises, such as coordinating the relationship between enterprises and other enterprises in the industry, expanding procurement or sales channels, improving governance structure, etc. It is a capital that can span the economic cycle and is intellectual capital. VC and PE still have great development potential in China.

　　Fourth, efforts should be made to provide specialized comprehensive financial services for enterprises to "go global". The "Belt and Road" construction is an important measure for China to implement all-round opening up in the new era. As an important part and implementer of this strategy, it is inevitable for the manufacturing industry to "go global". However, the economic development level of the 65 countries along the "Belt and Road" is uneven, and the social system is very different. Relevant research shows that in 33 countries, the proportion of stock transactions to GDP is less than 10%, and direct financing is almost lacking; There are 24 countries with higher real interest rates than China, and the credit supply is seriously insufficient. Faced with this situation, we must coordinate financial support methods such as policy banks and commercial banks, banks and non-banks, financial innovation and institutional mechanism reform, and strive to provide professional, personalized and diversified financial support for the manufacturing industry to "go global".

　　3. Explore practice

　　Realize the benign interaction between finance and manufacturing industry

　　[deployment]

　　In order to promote the benign interaction and coordinated development between finance and manufacturing, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the People’s Bank of China, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission have jointly issued and implemented a series of policies and measures since 2016, and conducted exploration and practice of industrial and financial cooperation.

　　Finance is related to the overall economic and social development and has its own development laws and requirements. Finance supports the construction of manufacturing power, on the one hand, it needs finance to return to its origin and enhance the ability to serve the development of manufacturing industry; On the other hand, it is also necessary to actively create conditions to provide guarantee support for financial reform and innovation.

　　The General Office of the State Council clearly stated in the Notice on Establishing the Made in China 2025 National Demonstration Zone (Guo Ban Fa [2017] No.90) that it is necessary to "actively promote the integration of industry and finance, establish an industry-finance information docking platform, innovate financial support methods, and enhance the ability and efficiency of financial support for manufacturing development". The so-called integration of production and operation refers to the institutional innovation practice carried out by government departments, financial institutions and industrial enterprises to improve the efficiency and level of financial service manufacturing. Among them, government departments mainly build platforms and mechanisms for the interaction and cooperation between financial institutions and industrial enterprises, and at the same time, make necessary improvements and reforms to relevant policies and regulations and institutional mechanisms, support the market to play a leading role in the allocation of financial resources, and do not interfere in the business decisions of financial institutions and manufacturing enterprises.

　　The integration of production and operation has been highly recognized and actively participated by all parties concerned for more than a year, and remarkable results have been achieved. Taking the docking between banks and enterprises as an example, according to incomplete statistics, as of December 2017, more than 5,000 banking institutions involved in the integration of production and operation have actually issued loans of more than 3 trillion yuan to more than 95,000 enterprises. The root of this achievement lies in the fact that the integration of industry and finance has realized the communication and interaction between financial institutions and industrial enterprises at the macro and micro levels by establishing the coordination mechanism of industrial and financial information docking and direct docking between banks and enterprises, and solved the information asymmetry problem of all parties; By means of financial discount, reward, compensation and shareholding, the problem that financial departments are unwilling to invest and enterprises cannot afford to invest has been solved; It provides an effective way to actively and steadily promote financial reform through pilot projects and gradual advancement.

　　At present, the integration of industry and production is just the beginning. In the next step, we will focus on the following six aspects: First, make full use of big data, cloud computing and other information technology means to establish more convenient, fast and efficient information communication channels; The second is to expand the field of production-integration, support enterprises to effectively use the capital market to optimize the industrial organization structure and industry layout, encourage financial institutions to innovate services and support enterprises to "go global"; Third, give full play to the leverage guiding role of financial funds and drive financial capital to support the development of strategic, basic and leading industries; Fourth, encourage financial innovation products and services, and support the construction of the Made in China 2025 National Demonstration Zone; Fifth, evaluate and summarize the situation of industrial integration in pilot cities, put forward reform suggestions, and promote the reform of financial system and mechanism; The sixth is to promote enterprises to incorporate the content of production integration into strategic planning and management process reengineering, build industrial culture in the new period and enhance the soft power of enterprises.

　　 (Author: Wang Xinzhe, chief economist of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology)

The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other 11 departments deployed ＂joint action＂ to promote the integration and innovation of large, medium and small enterprises.

　　According to "Gongxin Weibo" WeChat WeChat official account news, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the People’s Bank of China, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council, the General Administration of Market Supervision, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, China National Intellectual Property Administration and other eleven departments recently jointly issued the Notice on Carrying out "Joint Action" to Promote the Financing and Innovation of Large, Medium and Small Enterprises (2022-2025). It is clear that the innovation chain, industrial chain, supply chain, data chain, capital chain, service chain and talent chain of large, medium and small enterprises will be fully integrated through departmental linkage, up-and-down promotion and market drive, and efforts will be made to build an enterprise development ecology in which large, medium and small enterprises are interdependent and mutually promoted, enhance the resilience and competitiveness of the industrial chain supply chain, and enhance the modernization level of the industrial chain. It is proposed that by 2025, large enterprises will be guided to create a number of typical financing models for large, medium and small enterprises through ecological construction, base cultivation, internal incubation, empowerment and data connectivity. Stimulate the emergence of a number of specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises with outstanding synergy; Through policy guidance, mechanism construction and platform building, we will promote the formation of a coordinated, efficient, integrated and smooth innovation ecology for large, medium and small enterprises, and strongly support the supply chain of the industrial chain to strengthen the chain.

　　The following is the full text of the notice:

Notice on Carrying out "Joint Action" to Promote Financing and Innovation of Large, Medium and Small Enterprises (2022-2025)

No.54 [2022] of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

　　Provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and cities specifically designated in the state plan, the competent departments of small and medium-sized enterprises of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, the development and Reform Commission, the Science and Technology Department (bureau), the Finance Department (bureau), the Human Resources and Social Security Department (bureau), the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the Market Supervision Bureau, the Intellectual Property Office and the Federation of Industry and Commerce; China People’s Bank Shanghai Headquarters, branches, business management departments, city center branches of provincial capitals, sub-provincial city center branches, and banking insurance regulatory bureaus:

　　In order to implement the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development in People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Outline of Long-term Goals in 2035 and the 14th Five-Year Plan for Promoting the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, to promote the leading role of large enterprises, and to promote the integration and innovation of large, medium and small enterprises in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the industrial chain, the relevant matters concerning "joint action" to promote the integration and innovation of large, medium and small enterprises are hereby notified as follows.

　　one

　　General requirements

　　(A) the guiding ideology

　　Guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, based on the new development stage, we will implement the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, build a new development pattern, promote the comprehensive integration of innovation chain, industrial chain, supply chain, data chain, capital chain, service chain and talent chain of large, medium and small enterprises through departmental linkage, up and down promotion and market drive, and strive to build an enterprise development ecology in which large, medium and small enterprises are interdependent and mutually promoting.

　　(2) Action objectives

　　By 2025, we will guide large enterprises to create a number of typical financing models for large, medium and small enterprises through ecological construction, base cultivation, internal incubation, empowerment and data connectivity; Stimulate the emergence of a number of specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises with outstanding synergy; Through policy guidance, mechanism construction and platform building, we will promote the formation of a coordinated, efficient, integrated and smooth innovation ecology for large, medium and small enterprises, and strongly support the supply chain of the industrial chain to strengthen the chain.

　　two

　　Key tasks

　　(A) innovation as the guide, to create large, medium and small enterprises in innovation chain.

　　1. Promote collaborative innovation. Promote large enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises, joint research institutes, universities and other institutions to form a number of innovative consortia integrating large and medium-sized enterprises and Industry-University-Research, encourage undertaking major scientific and technological projects, and strengthen the research and development of common technologies. We will promote the establishment of innovative technology expert advisory committees by relying on technical experts from large enterprises, professors and scholars from universities and colleges, and carry out technical consultation and guidance for small and medium-sized enterprises. Set up a track race in the "Maker China" SME Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition, and promote the innovation cooperation of large and medium-sized enterprises through "publishing the list" by large enterprises and "exposing the list" by small and medium-sized enterprises. (The Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance and relevant local departments are responsible according to the division of responsibilities, and the following are required to be implemented by relevant local departments, and are no longer listed)

　　2. Promote the sharing of innovative resources. Guide large enterprises to open brands, design and research capabilities, instruments and equipment, test sites and other innovative resource elements to small and medium-sized enterprises, share production capacity resources, and strengthen support for innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises. (The Development and Reform Commission, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　3. Promote the transformation of innovation achievements. Promote the free opening of all kinds of scientific and technological achievements transformation project libraries and databases to small and medium-sized enterprises, improve the two-way docking mechanism of scientific research achievements supply and demand, and promote the transfer and transformation of government-supported scientific and technological project research and development achievements to small and medium-sized enterprises. Fully listen to the opinions of small and medium-sized enterprises in the establishment of science and technology plans and support them to undertake projects. Encourage large enterprises to try and use innovative products of small and medium-sized enterprises first, and promote the demonstration and application of supporting products of small and medium-sized enterprises in the first set of major technical equipment. (The Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　4. Promote the layout of standards and patents. Promote large enterprises to formulate and improve national standards and industry standards in conjunction with small and medium-sized enterprises, actively participate in international standardization activities, and cooperate with upstream and downstream enterprises in the global industrial chain to jointly establish international standards. Guide large enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises to strengthen cooperation in the field of intellectual property rights and jointly improve the patent layout of the industrial chain. (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the General Administration of Market Supervision, China National Intellectual Property Administration and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　5. Promote green innovation and upgrading. Promote large enterprises to deepen the concept of low-carbon development, improve the efficiency of resource utilization and improve the overall green development level of the industrial chain by optimizing procurement standards and strengthening technical support for energy conservation and emission reduction. (The Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(B) to enhance resilience and competitiveness as the focus, to consolidate the industrial chain of large, medium and small enterprises.

　　1. Collaborate to break through the problem of industrial chain breakpoints blocking points. Sort out the weak links in the industrial chain and the supporting needs of large enterprises, organize specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises to carry out technical research and prototype research and development, and guide small and medium-sized enterprises to accurately repair the chain. Give priority to supporting large, medium and small enterprises to jointly declare key products, process "one-stop" application demonstration and other industrial base reconstruction projects. Create a better environment and support the research and development of innovative and high-tech SMEs. (The Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　2. Give play to the leading role of large enterprises. Promote large enterprises to build small and micro enterprise innovation bases and high-quality modern industrial chain parks, help supporting small and medium-sized enterprises to improve their technological processes, quality management and product reliability, and drive them to deeply integrate into the industrial chain through equity investment, resource sharing and channel sharing. Encourage large enterprises to cultivate internal entrepreneurial teams and establish more small and medium-sized enterprises around the industrial chain. (The Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　3. Improve the supporting capacity of SMEs. Sort out the industrial chain map of the "little giant" enterprises that specialize in specialty and innovation, and connect with large enterprises according to the industrial chain organization to help small and medium-sized enterprises integrate into the industrial chain of large enterprises. Under the same conditions, small and medium-sized enterprises that provide core products or services to key leading enterprises in key industrial chains will be given priority as "small giant" enterprises with specialization and novelty, and support for specialized and novelty small and medium-sized enterprises will be strengthened through central and local finance. (The Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Finance are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　4. Create a regional ecology of financial development. Publish the industrial transfer guidance catalogue, build and improve the modern industrial development pattern with complementary advantages and reasonable division of labor, promote the rapid response and efficient coordination of the industrial chain supply chain, and optimize and improve the efficiency of resource allocation. Cultivate advanced manufacturing clusters and characteristic industrial clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises, and create a coordinated ecology of cross-regional integrated industrial chains around economic belts (circles) and urban agglomerations. (The Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　(C) market-oriented, extending the supply chain of large, medium and small enterprises

　　1. Strengthen the supply and demand docking of the supply chain. We will carry out docking activities between large enterprises and specialized small and medium-sized enterprises, promote the holding of "100-game Fair for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises" in various places, promote industrial e-commerce to jointly hold online trading activities for industrial products, guide large enterprises to release procurement requirements for small and medium-sized enterprises, and promote the deepening and expansion of supply chain cooperation between small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises. Give full play to the role of industry associations, chambers of commerce, platform enterprises and enterprise information inquiry institutions, promote large, medium and small enterprises to strengthen the supply and demand docking of products and technologies through market-oriented mechanisms, and gradually establish cross-industry and cross-industry supply and demand docking mechanisms and cooperation platforms. (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　2. Improve the supply chain cooperation mechanism. Guide platform enterprises to improve the benefit sharing mechanism of upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain, and create a vivid development situation of "big rivers are full of water and small rivers are full of water". Guide social service agencies such as credit reporting agencies to explore the provision of SME credit evaluation and risk management services for large enterprises, and stimulate the enthusiasm of large enterprises for cooperation. Guide large enterprises to establish and improve the early warning mechanism of supply chain in conjunction with small and medium-sized enterprises to jointly improve the stability and competitiveness of supply chain. (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the People’s Bank of China, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(D) Digital-driven, open up the data link of large, medium and small enterprises.

　　1. Give play to the digital traction function of large enterprises. Encourage large enterprises to build a digital service platform that conforms to the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises, promote the development of a number of small, fast, lightweight and accurate low-cost industrial chain supply chain collaborative solutions and scenarios, and promote a number of high-quality industrial apps suitable for small and medium-sized enterprises. Carry out pilot demonstration actions of intelligent manufacturing, select a number of intelligent manufacturing demonstration factories and typical scenarios, and promote the overall intelligent level of the industrial chain. Encourage large enterprises to drive small and medium-sized enterprises to cooperate in technological transformation and upgrading, and enhance the technological transformation ability of small and medium-sized enterprises. (The Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　2. Improve the digital level of SMEs. In-depth implementation of small and medium-sized enterprises digital empowerment special action, carry out intelligent manufacturing activities into the park, release the evaluation standards and evaluation models of small and medium-sized enterprises digital transformation level, and guide small and medium-sized enterprises digital transformation, guide small and medium-sized enterprises to deepen the transformation concept, clarify the transformation path, enhance the transformation ability, and accelerate the process of digital network intelligent transformation. (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and Ministry of Finance are responsible)

　　3. Enhance the supporting role of industrial Internet. In-depth implementation of the industrial internet innovation and development action plan, cultivate a number of dual-span industrial internet platforms, promote the expansion of vertical industrial internet platforms and deepen the functional role of serving large, medium and small enterprises, promote the ubiquitous connection, flexible supply and optimal allocation of various production factors, strengthen the digital analysis and intelligent monitoring of large, medium and small enterprises in the industrial chain, and promote the integration and online sharing of manufacturing capabilities in the industrial chain. (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　(E) Take finance as a link to optimize the capital chain of large, medium and small enterprises.

　　1. Innovative industrial chain supply chain financial services. Improve the financial service mechanism of industrial chain supply chain, encourage financial institutions to develop financial products such as credit and insurance according to the characteristics of key industrial chain supply chain, and strengthen the financing services of supply chain accounts receivable, orders, warehouse receipts and inventory. (The People’s Bank of China and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　2. Promote full chain support for direct financing. Guide all kinds of industrial investment funds to increase combined linkage investment in upstream and downstream enterprises of the industrial chain supply chain, strengthen financing support for the whole industrial chain, and give full play to the advantages of resource agglomeration to provide various value-added services for small and medium-sized enterprises. (The Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　3. Guide large enterprises to strengthen supply chain financial support. Promote large enterprises to support and cooperate with upstream and downstream small and medium-sized enterprises to carry out supply chain financing, and help alleviate the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises. Guide large enterprises to strengthen compliance management, and shall not abuse their dominant position in the market to set unreasonable payment conditions and time limits, and standardize the payment of accounts for small and medium-sized enterprises. (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the People’s Bank of China, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　(six) supported by the platform carrier, expand the service chain of large, medium and small enterprises.

　　1. Build a professional innovation platform. Encourage all localities to cultivate innovative platforms and bases for large, medium and small enterprises, and promote cooperation and docking between upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain. Guide large, medium and small enterprises to further enhance the service ability of financing development and provide strong support for financing innovation. Strengthen the construction of university science parks and all kinds of creative spaces, and promote the efficient allocation and effective integration of all kinds of innovative elements. (The Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　2. Promote various platforms to strengthen innovative services. Guide the national manufacturing innovation center, industrial innovation center and technological innovation center to incorporate the promotion of financial innovation into their work objectives, guide the public service demonstration platform for small and medium-sized enterprises and the manufacturing dual-innovation platform to set up service products or projects to promote financial development, and strengthen service support for financial innovation. (The Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　3. Cultivate an international cooperation service platform. Build a cross-border matching platform for SMEs, build an overseas service system for SMEs based on large enterprises, drive SMEs to go to sea together, improve their transnational operation ability and level, and integrate into the global industrial chain supply chain. (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible according to the division of responsibilities)

　　(seven) to improve the talent chain of large, medium and small enterprises with team building as the starting point.

　　1. Strengthen talent training and introduction. Implement the special talent plan and select a group of innovative entrepreneurs, advanced manufacturing technology talents and advanced basic technology talents. Increase the introduction of overseas high-level talents and support the upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain to cultivate, attract and retain key talents. Organize and implement the project of strengthening manufacturing skills, improve the training, evaluation, use and incentive system of manufacturing skilled personnel, and build a team of manufacturing skilled personnel with sufficient quantity, reasonable structure and exquisite skills. (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission are responsible)

　　2. Promote talent sharing. Promote large enterprises to build their own schools or join forces with social forces to establish talent colleges, online learning platforms, public training bases, etc., create a professional, open and shared training platform, and strengthen the training of talents for small and medium-sized enterprises in the industrial chain. Encourage large enterprises to set up high-skilled personnel training bases and skill master studios, cultivate high-skilled leading talents, and lead the construction and development of high-skilled personnel teams. Explore the establishment of a mechanism for part-time guidance and regular stationing of technical experts from large enterprises and research institutes to small and medium-sized enterprises (The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible for the division of responsibilities)

　　3. Improve the talent team’s innovative ability. Guide large enterprises to carry out talent exchange and training activities, and strengthen the exchange of talent ideas, technology and management in large, medium and small enterprises. We will set up training courses for leading talents of small and medium-sized enterprises to promote the integration and innovation of large and medium-sized enterprises, and help management personnel to broaden their vision of integration and development, deepen their thinking of integration and development, and enhance their ability of integration and docking. Implement the training project of digital technology engineers, accelerate the training of talents in the field of digital technology, and promote the integration and development of digital economy and real economy. Plan to build a number of practice bases for training outstanding engineers, and create a training model for outstanding engineers to meet the needs of innovation. (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission and National Federation of Industry and Commerce are responsible)

　　three

　　job requirement

　　(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. Relevant departments in all regions should improve the innovative working mechanism of large, medium and small enterprises, formulate and improve the work plan for implementation in this region, draw the industrial chain map, establish the key enterprise library, the project library for chain-mending and chain-strengthening and the demand list, improve the expert consultation mechanism, strengthen the linkage among ministries, provinces, cities and counties, refine and decompose work tasks, and strengthen coordination and scheduling to ensure the implementation of all work. (Responsible for all relevant departments)

　　(2) Strengthen policy support. Finance at all levels can actively support the financing and innovation of large, medium and small enterprises through existing channels according to the development needs. Promote state-owned enterprises to formulate incentive measures to open up innovative resources to small and medium-sized enterprises, give total wages support to relevant teams that have achieved remarkable results in promoting the integration and innovation of large, medium and small enterprises, give extra points to state-owned enterprises that have made great achievements in the annual assessment, and give incentives in the term assessment. Encourage local governments to explore and implement innovative financing projects for large, medium and small enterprises. (Responsible for all relevant departments)

　　(3) Strengthen publicity and guidance. Summarize the experience and practice of promoting the innovation of large, medium and small enterprises, publicize and promote the typical experience model, and improve the level of promoting the innovation of financing. Innovate propaganda methods, further promote the deepening of innovative ideas, unite social consensus, and create a good atmosphere to jointly promote the integration and innovation of large, medium and small enterprises, and strengthen the chain of industrial chain and supply chain. (Responsible for all relevant departments)

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC)

Ministry of Science and Technology

the Ministry of Finance

Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security

People’s Bank of China

State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council (SASAC)

State Administration for Market Regulation

China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission

China National Intellectual Property Administration

the all chinafederation of industry and commerce

May 12, 2022

In December, ＂Anti-fraud Storm＂ came to expose the behind-the-scenes truth of telecom fraud.

Stills of Anti-fraud Storm

Recently, the anti-telecom fraud series "Anti-Fraud Storm" produced by Movie Channel Program Center and Haining Zhuoyue Film and Television Investment Co., Ltd. and jointly produced by Youku announced that it will be officially launched on December 23rd. The series of movies is divided into five parts, which are broadcast simultaneously on CCTV6 movie channel, Youku and 1905 movie network at 20: 15 every Saturday. This series of films was produced by Hong Kong Universal Entertainment Co., Ltd., the original production team, and Peng Shun, a famous director in Hong Kong, served as the chief producer to guide the filming. The Anti-Fraud Storm series is performed by many well-known domestic powerful actors such as He Minghan, Wang Ruizi, Lian Kai, Lemon, Tan Kai, Yao Gang, Jeffery Ji and He Jiayi.

　

In the network era, information transparency and anti-fraud awareness have become a top priority.

"Hello, this is … …” "Hello, you have a copy of … Not collected, please click … " People always receive such phone calls or text messages in life, and these seemingly ordinary anonymous phone calls and text messages are actually elaborate scams. With the continuous development of Internet technology, people’s food, clothing, housing and transportation are increasingly inseparable from the Internet, and people’s living environment has almost become a fully transparent and semi-open state. The so-called spam messages and harassing calls are actually the products of the development of this network era.

Many people feel that their information is well protected, so they are very puzzled about how their information is leaked. Personal information is usually made public or even sold without knowing it. This series of movies "Anti-fraud Storm" has truly and vividly restored the causes and effects of telecom fraud and the tricks and techniques of fraud. "Vegetable merchant", "truck head" and "driver" represent different identities, and these professional identities form a code.

Adapted from a real case, the Ministry of Public Security fully assisted in filming.

It is worth mentioning that these stories are all adapted from real cases, with the full support of the Ministry of Public Security, and the local special police in Dalian really assisted in shooting. The combination of real cases and realistic shooting techniques really sounded the anti-fraud alarm for people at the peak of the crime at the end of the year.

The five stories in this series of movies tell five different situations of fraud that often occur in real life: impersonating the public security law to cheat social security; Marriage fraud; Recruit fraud; Hacker Trojan virus steals accounts; Stars are defrauded; Low-income fraud, pseudo base station SMS fraud.

The action film of the gunfight between criminal investigation police and bandits brings a thrilling audio-visual feast.

The anti-fraud storm series was produced by Hong Kong Universal Entertainment, the original production team of the cinema hit movie Huge Call. Hong Kong Universal Entertainment has shot such blockbusters, and The Anti-Fraud Storm follows the style of Hong Kong gangster movies.

Large scenes such as yacht chase gunfight, crisis bomb disposal, special police round-up, gunfight between police and bandits, explosion and so on make the series of anti-fraud storms more visual. Restore the real fraud dens and environment, and show the fraud process, fraud division and fraud speech in detail.

　　　

In the film, the police rarely show the methods of solving crimes, and all kinds of high-tech detection methods give criminals a shock. As a police action film, it is public welfare enough to carry forward the main theme of society; As a feature film that promotes the main theme, it is brain-burning and exciting enough.

The main direction of national propaganda strategy is to carry forward socialist values

Telecom fraud refers to the criminal behavior that criminals fabricate false information and set up scams by telephone, internet and SMS, and implement remote and non-contact fraud on the victims to induce the victims to make money or transfer money to the criminals. In 2015, according to the data of the public security department, telecom fraud cost China people nearly 30 billion yuan.

In 2015, the State Council approved the establishment of a joint ministerial meeting led by public security organs to specifically crack down on new crimes in telecommunication networks. In 2016, the fourth session of the 12th National People’s Congress of People’s Republic of China (PRC) identified cracking down on telecom fraud, mobilizing the whole people and launching counter-attack propaganda as a national strategy.

　

With the continuous development of network technology, telecom fraud methods are constantly being renovated and upgraded, and the victimization index is constantly rising. Prevention is better than blocking. Through the anatomy of fraud techniques, it can help the audience understand the truth and ways of fraud and enhance their awareness of fraud prevention. Therefore, one more person watches, and one less person is deceived.

How can infectious diseases spread？

　　The route that causes the epidemic and spread of infectious diseases is called the route of transmission, that is, the route through which pathogenic microorganisms are discharged and invade another susceptible organism. Common routes of transmission are: (1) airborne transmission, including (1) droplet transmission. Pathogens existing on the surface of respiratory mucosa can be ejected with the patient exhaling, talking loudly, coughing, sneezing, etc. These mucus droplets containing a large number of pathogens are small in size and suspended in the air for a short time (usually no more than a few seconds), so the spread of droplets is limited to close contacts around patients or carriers. Epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, influenza and whooping cough can be spread in this way. Crowded public places, such as cabins with many passengers and waiting rooms at stations, are common places where this kind of spread occurs. ② It is spread by dust. Secretions containing pathogens are scattered on the ground, clothes or sheets in large droplets and become dust after drying. When tidying clothes or sweeping the ground, dust with pathogens flies and causes respiratory transmission. All dry-tolerant pathogens can be spread in this way, such as mycobacterium tuberculosis and anthrax spores.

　　Most airborne infectious diseases have seasonal characteristics, which are generally more common in winter and spring. There are many factors affecting air transmission, which are related to population density, living conditions and the proportion of susceptible people in the population. (2) Water transmission includes two modes of transmission. One is diseases caused by drinking water polluted by feces, such as cholera, typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery and hepatitis A; The other is diseases caused by contact with "epidemic water" (infected water), such as schistosomiasis and leptospirosis, and its pathogens mainly invade the body through skin and mucosa. (3) Through food transmission, all intestinal infectious diseases, some parasitic diseases and individual respiratory diseases (such as tuberculosis and diphtheria) can be transmitted through food. (4) Contact transmission, including two modes of transmission: ① Direct contact transmission refers to the transmission caused by the contact between the source of infection and the susceptible person without any external factors, such as sexually transmitted diseases, rabies, rat bite fever, etc. (2) indirect contact transmission, also known as daily contact transmission, refers to the transmission caused by the contact of susceptible persons with daily necessities contaminated by excreta or secretions from infectious sources. Contaminated hands play a particularly important role in indirect contact transmission.

　　Sexually transmitted diseases include any diseases transmitted through sexual behavior, which belongs to contact infection. (5) Transmission by vector arthropods refers to infectious diseases transmitted by arthropods biting and sucking blood or polluting food. For example, flies and cockroaches can carry pathogens of intestinal infectious diseases, and mosquitoes can spread Japanese encephalitis. (6) Spreading through soil. There are many opportunities for soil pollution. For example, human manure fertilization pollutes the soil with intestinal pathogens or parasitic eggs, such as hookworm eggs and ascaris eggs. Spores of some bacteria can survive in the soil for a long time, such as tetanus, anthrax, gas gangrene, etc. If the skin is damaged, it can cause infection through the soil; Children playing in the soil are susceptible to ascariasis. (7) Vertical transmission is the transmission between the pregnant woman and the fetus, which can include transmission through the placenta and transmission caused by childbirth.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the prevalence rate of men over 70 years old is nearly 50%

Recent studies have found that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the significant factors that affect the death of patients in COVID-19. Among the dead people in COVID-19, the proportion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is 6%, but only 1% among the surviving people. In addition, although patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may not be more likely to be infected with Covid-19, they are more likely to die when they are infected.

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema characterized by airflow obstruction, which can further develop into chronic diseases of cor pulmonale and respiratory failure. Different from common chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is often not well known.

1. The prevalence rate of COPD in men over 70 years old is nearly 50%, and the difference between male and female is nearly 1 time.

According to the latest China Lung Health Survey (CPH2018), among 50,991 people surveyed from June 2012 to May 2015, the prevalence rate of COPD was 8.6%. Based on this, it is estimated that about 99,900 million people in Chinese suffer from COPD. The prevalence rate of COPD increases with age. The prevalence rate of people over 40 years old is significantly higher than that of people aged 20-39. The prevalence rate of COPD in men over 70 years old is nearly 50%. At the same time, the prevalence rate of men in all age groups is higher than that of women, and the prevalence rate of men over 30 years old is more than twice that of women.

　

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Figure 1: Prevalence of COPD in different gender and age groups.

2. Smoking is the main risk factor, and air pollution is the main risk factor for non-smokers to get sick.

CPH2018 also made a statistical analysis of possible risk factors of COPD, including smoking, air quality, BMI, family history, education, etc. The results showed that smoking, air pollution, low BMI and parents’ history of respiratory diseases were all risk factors of COPD, among which smoking and air pollution were the main risk factors.

　

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　Figure 2: odds ratio (OR) of 2：COPD risk factors

Note: odds ratio (OR, Odds ratio) is the ratio of the exposed and unexposed people in the case group divided by the ratio of the exposed and unexposed people in the control group. Greater than 1 indicates that this factor is a risk factor, less than 1 indicates that this factor is a protective factor, and equal to 1 indicates that this factor does not work.

The analysis also shows that smoking history has a significant impact on the overall prevalence of COPD, and the prevalence of COPD increases with the increase of smoking years. Air pollution has no significant effect on the prevalence of COPD in the whole population, but it has a significant effect on non-smoking groups. The more serious air pollution is, the higher the prevalence of COPD is.

　 　 　 　 　 　 Figure 3: Smoking history and COPD prevalence Figure 4: Smoking years and COPD prevalence.

　

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　Figure 5: Air quality and COPD prevalence rate

The Prospective Research Project of Chronic Diseases in China also published a survey of 280,000 non-smoking adults in China in 2019. The results show that using solid fuel is an important risk factor for major respiratory diseases, and switching to clean fuel such as natural gas can reduce the risk. Because chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to the concentration of sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, people who are engaged in jobs with dust environment, such as teachers and coal miners, are also prone to COPD.

3. The prevalence rate of people over 40 years old is different in different regions, with the highest in southwest China (20.2%) and the lowest in central China (10.2%).

The research conducted by China Center for Disease Control and Prevention on 66,752 people in 2014-2015 found that the prevalence rate of COPD over 40 years old also showed obvious differences in different regions, with the highest prevalence rate in southwest China (20.2%) and the lowest in central China (10.2%).

　

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Figure 6: Prevalence rate of COPD among people over 40 years old in different regions.

4. Up to 56% of COPD patients may have cognitive impairment.

A large number of neuropsychological tests suggest that up to 56% patients may have cognitive impairment. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD)2021 also pointed out that cognitive impairment is common in COPD patients, and the prevalence and severity vary according to the evaluation type, with an average prevalence of about 32%. Moreover, cognitive impairment will aggravate the health problems of COPD patients. Compared with patients with single disease, patients with cognitive impairment and COPD have a higher respiratory-related hospitalization rate of 48% and a higher mortality rate of 3 times. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to help patients with complications to carry out effective self-management.

In addition, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, depression/anxiety are also common and important complications of COPD.

5. The mortality rate of COPD has decreased obviously year by year, but it is still high compared with other developed countries.

The mortality rate of COPD in China decreased from 99/100,000 in 1990 to 68/100,000 in 2017, and the mortality rate of standardized age decreased by 68.6%. Although the mortality rate in China is decreasing year by year, it is still at a high level compared with other developed countries (see the figure below).

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　Figure 7: Mortality rate of male COPD patients aged 50-74 in countries around the world.

　

6. The diagnosis rate is lower than 30%, and the proportion of hospitalization is lower than that of outpatient treatment.

The diagnostic rate of COPD in China is between 23.61% and 30.00%, which shows that the diagnostic rate of COPD in China is low and the missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are serious. On the one hand, COPD is asymptomatic in the early stage. In epidemiological screening, more than 70% of patients (I~II stage) have little or no symptoms, and even if they have symptoms, they just cough and expectoration, which has not attracted the attention of patients. On the other hand, due to the cost of examination and technical operation, lung function examination, as a gold standard for the diagnosis of COPD, has not been popularized in many hospitals (especially in primary hospitals), resulting in many patients not being diagnosed with COPD in time and delaying treatment.

　 　 　 　 　 　 　Table 1: COPD pulmonary function staging (GOLD staging) [After inhaling bronchodilator]

In addition, the diagnosis and treatment of COPD in China is also more severe. The conventional treatment rate of COPD patients is only 7.9%, and 84% of patients with stage ⅱ and above have not received treatment. The proportion of COPD patients receiving outpatient treatment is about 50%, while the proportion receiving hospitalization is only between 8.78% and 35.60%.

7. The average medical expenses of COPD ranged from 5,000 yuan to 16,000 yuan.

At present, no scholars have studied the medical expenses of COPD patients nationwide, and most of the research on COPD expenses is limited to local or regional areas.

A study on the medical expenses of COPD patients in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province found that from October 2012 to October 2013, the hospitalization expenses of male patients and female patients are shown in the following table. Among them, the average total hospitalization expense for men is 16,000 yuan, while that for women is 14,500 yuan, and only about 30% is borne by individuals.

　

　

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Table 2: Hospitalization expenses of COPD patients in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province

In recent years, because the prevalence rate in southwest China is higher than that in other regions, many scholars have begun to choose southwest China to study the treatment cost of COPD patients. The following table is part of the research results, from which we can find that the overall cost of the western region is low, and the average hospitalization cost does not exceed 10 thousand yuan. In addition, according to the survey data of Sichuan province, the cost of western medicine accounts for the highest proportion, accounting for 38.32%, followed by the cost of diagnosis, accounting for 24.41%.

　

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　Table 3: Hospitalization expenses of COPD patients in western China　

8. About 58% of commonly used drugs for COPD have been included in the medical insurance catalogue.

COPD can be divided into stable stage and acute exacerbation stage according to the progress of the disease course. In the stable stage, the symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath are stable or mild, while in the acute exacerbation stage, the respiratory symptoms that lead to additional treatment are seriously aggravated, and the patients’ cough and wheezing are aggravated, or may be accompanied by fever and other inflammatory manifestations. Drug therapy is a common treatment for COPD. GOLD2021 edition points out that drug therapy can alleviate COPD symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of acute exacerbation. At present, there are data showing that drug therapy can reduce mortality. It is worth noting that COPD patients need to take drugs for a long time, mainly inhaled drugs, supplemented by oral drugs. With the progress of COPD, the therapeutic drugs and management methods used have been adjusted.

References:

　[1] China Pulmonary Health Study Group. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China (the China Pulmonary Health [CPH] study): a national cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2018 Apr 28; 391(10131):1706-1717. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30841-9. Epub 2018 Apr 9. PMID: 29650248.

[2] Li G, Liu Y, Jing X, et al. Mortality risk of COVID-19 in elderly males with comorbidities: a multi-country study. Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Dec 31; 13(1):27-60. doi: 10.18632/aging.202456. Epub 2020 Dec 31. PMID: 33472167.

[3] Zhu B, Wang Y, Ming J, et al. Disease burden of COPD in China: a systematic review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018 Apr 27;13:1353-1364. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S161555. PMID: 29731623; PMCID: PMC5927339.

[4] GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390:1151–1210.

[5] Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2019 Sep 28; 394(10204):1145-1158. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30427-1. Epub 2019 Jun 24. Erratum in: Lancet. 2020 Jul 4; 396(10243):26. PMID: 31248666; PMCID: PMC6891889.

[6] Chan K H , Kurmi O P , Bennett D A , et al. Solid Fuel Use and Risks of Respiratory Diseases: A Cohort Study of 280, 000 Chinese Never-Smokers[J]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2019, 199.

[7] Lowe KE, Regan EA, Crapo JD, et al. COPDGene? 2019: Redefining the Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2019 Nov; 6(5):384-399. doi: 10.15326/jcopdf.6.5.2019.0149. PMID: 31710793; PMCID: PMC7020846.

Shi Bijun, Zhang Tao, Cui Jun, Wang Yong, AARON Li. Analysis of direct economic burden of 803 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ningbo community, Zhejiang province [J]. Disease surveillance, 2015,30(4):300-304.

Zhao Hanqing, Li Xinyi, Tank Tan, et al. Analysis of hospitalization expenses of patients with chronic obstructive pneumonia in Sichuan Province [J]. Health Soft Science, 2020, v.34; No.292(05):57-62.

[10] Wang Lianhong, Luo Qian, Zhang Li. Analysis of disease cost of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Zunyi area in 2014 [J]. Guizhou Medicine, 2015, 000(011):1048-1049.

[11] Yu Juan. Analysis of hospitalization expenses and influencing factors of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Lanzhou urban hospital [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2018.

[12] Zhong Nanshan. Research progress on prevention and treatment of chronic airway diseases in 2017 [J]. West China Medicine, 2018,33(01):1-7.

Announcement on Implementing Personal Information Protection Certification

In order to implement the relevant provisions of the Personal Information Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), standardize personal information processing activities, and promote the rational use of personal information, according to the Regulations on Certification and Accreditation of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the State Administration of Market Supervision and the State Internet Information Office decided to implement personal information protection certification, encouraging personal information processors to enhance their personal information protection capabilities through certification. Certification institutions engaged in personal information protection certification shall carry out relevant certification activities after approval, and carry out certification in accordance with the Implementation Rules for Personal Information Protection Certification (see Annex).

It is hereby announced.

State Administration for Market Regulation

National Internet Information Office

November 4, 2022

Rules for the implementation of personal information protection certification

　　1 Scope of application

　　These Rules are formulated in accordance with the Regulations on Certification and Accreditation of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and stipulate the basic principles and requirements for the certification of personal information processors in their personal information collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure, deletion and cross-border processing activities.

　　2 certification basis

　　Personal information processors shall meet the requirements of GB/T 35273 Information Security Technology Personal Information Security Specification.

　　For personal information processors who carry out cross-border processing activities, they should also meet the requirements of TC260-PG-20222A "Safety Certification Specification for Cross-border Processing Activities of Personal Information".

　　In principle, the latest version of the above standards and specifications shall be implemented.

　　3 authentication mode

　　The authentication mode of personal information protection authentication is:

　　Technical verification+on-site audit+post-certification supervision

　　4 certification implementation procedures

　　4.1 Certification entrustment

　　The certification body shall specify the requirements for certification entrustment materials, including but not limited to the basic materials of the certification client, the certification power of attorney, relevant supporting documents, etc.

　　The certification client shall submit the certification entrustment materials according to the requirements of the certification body, and the certification body shall timely feedback whether it is accepted or not after reviewing the certification entrustment materials.

　　The certification institution shall determine the certification scheme according to the certification entrustment data, including the type and quantity of personal information, the scope of personal information processing activities involved, the information of technical verification institutions, etc., and notify the certification principal.

　　4.2 Technical verification

　　Technical verification institutions shall carry out technical verification in accordance with the certification scheme, and issue technical verification reports to the certification institutions and certification clients.

　　4.3 on-site audit

　　Certification bodies conduct on-site audits and issue on-site audit reports to certification clients.

　　4.4 Evaluation and approval of certification results

　　The certification body makes a comprehensive evaluation according to the certification entrustment data, technical verification report, on-site audit report and other relevant information, and makes a certification decision. To meet the certification requirements, issue certification certificates; For those who do not meet the certification requirements temporarily, the certification client may be required to make rectification within a time limit, and if they still do not meet the requirements after rectification, the certification client shall be notified in writing to terminate the certification.

　　If it is found that the certification client or personal information processor has cheated, concealed information, intentionally violated the certification requirements and other acts that seriously affect the implementation of certification, the certification will not be passed.

　　4.5 Post-certification supervision

　　4.5.1 Frequency of supervision

　　Certification bodies shall, within the validity period of certification, continuously supervise certified personal information processors and reasonably determine the frequency of supervision.

　　4.5.2 Contents of supervision

　　Certification bodies should take appropriate measures to implement post-certification supervision to ensure that certified personal information processors continue to meet the certification requirements.

　　4.5.3 Evaluation of supervision results after obtaining the certificate

　　The certification body makes a comprehensive evaluation of the supervision conclusion and other relevant information after obtaining the certificate, and can continue to maintain the certification certificate if it passes the evaluation; If it fails, the certification body shall suspend or even revoke the certification certificate according to the corresponding circumstances.

　　4.6 Time limit for certification

　　The certification body shall clearly stipulate the time limit of each link of certification, and ensure that the relevant work is completed according to the time limit. The certification client shall actively cooperate with the certification activities.

　　5 certification certificate and certification mark

　　5.1 Certification Certificate

　　5.1.1 Maintenance of authentication certificate

　　The certificate is valid for 3 years. During the validity period, the validity of the certification certificate shall be maintained through the post-certification supervision of the certification body.

　　If the certificate needs to be used continuously upon expiration, the certification client shall submit the certification entrustment within 6 months before the expiration of the validity period. The certification body shall adopt the way of supervision after obtaining the certificate, and issue a new certificate for the entrustment that meets the certification requirements.

　　5.1.2 Change of certification certificate

　　During the validity period of the certification certificate, if the name, registered address, certification requirements and certification scope of the certified personal information processor change, the certification client shall submit a change entrustment to the certification body. According to the content of the change, the certification body evaluates the entrusted information of the change and determines whether the change can be approved. If technical verification and/or on-site audit are required, they should also be carried out before approving the change.

　　5.1.3 Cancellation, suspension and revocation of certification certificate

　　When the certified personal information processor no longer meets the certification requirements, the certification institution shall suspend the certification certificate in time until it is revoked. The authentication client may apply for suspension or cancellation of the authentication certificate within the validity period of the authentication certificate.

　　5.1.4 Publication of certification certificate

　　Certification bodies shall publicize the relevant information such as the issuance, alteration, suspension, cancellation and revocation of certification certificates in an appropriate way.

　　5.2 Certification mark

　　Personal information protection certification marks excluding cross-border processing activities are as follows:

　　Personal information protection certification marks including cross-border processing activities are as follows:

　　"ABCD" stands for certification body identification information.

　　5.3 Use of Certification Certificates and Certification Marks

　　Within the validity period of the certification certificate, the certified personal information processor shall correctly use the certification certificate and certification mark in advertisements and other publicity in accordance with relevant regulations, and shall not mislead the public.

　　6 detailed rules for the implementation of certification

　　Certification institutions shall, in accordance with the relevant requirements of these Rules, refine the implementation procedures of certification, formulate scientific, reasonable and operable implementation rules for certification, and publicize them for implementation.

　　7 certification responsibility

　　The certification body shall be responsible for the on-site audit conclusion and certification conclusion.

　　Technical verification institutions shall be responsible for the conclusion of technical verification.

　　The certification client shall be responsible for the authenticity and legality of the certification entrustment materials.

How long does the flu vaccine take effect？ Can kidney friends play？ All 10 questions are answered.

Original kidney online doctor group kidney online

Old friends who are familiar with us all know that every autumn, Kidney Online will advise kidney friends with stable conditions and poor resistance to get a flu vaccine!

Many people told us that it was because they listened to our advice that they were able to escape when colleagues and friends around them were lying down with the flu!

Influenza is more serious than the common cold, and its typical symptoms are fever, extreme fatigue, headache, body aches, cough and sore throat. → Regarding the flu vaccine, you may have many doubts, and we will answer them together.

1. Kidney disease, can you really get the flu vaccine?

Can! Many evidence-based medical guidelines suggest that patients with chronic kidney disease with stable condition should be given priority in influenza vaccination.

2. Can uremia and dialysis nephropathy patients play?

Can!

3. Can pregnant women fight?

Can!

4. What is the taboo of influenza vaccine?

The main taboo is: allergic to vaccine ingredients, resulting in adverse reactions. These people can’t be vaccinated.

And if your kidney disease is still unstable, or you are in an acute situation such as fever and cough, suspend vaccination.

5. Which vaccine is better, domestic or imported?

Use whatever you have.

6. When will you call? How long does it take to take effect?

The flu vaccine is a dozen a year, and it is best to complete the vaccination at the end of October. Inoculation is also possible now.

After 2-4 weeks of inoculation, protective antibodies began to be produced, and the protective effect lasted for about 1 year.

7. There are three prices and four prices. Which one do you want?

There are four prices, and four prices are preferred.

8. The flu vaccine we have here is said to be only cracked, so can we get it?

Sure.

"Lysis" is a method of vaccine production, which means that the lipid membrane structure of the virus is cracked and the virus "dies" more thoroughly.

9. Can you get the flu vaccine with nasal spray and kidney disease?

As we mentioned above, all patients with kidney disease can get influenza vaccine by injection, and the injection method is inactivated influenza vaccine, that is to say, the vaccine is "dead" and inactive.

If you still have a live attenuated influenza vaccine for 3-17 years old, you must pay attention to the fact that this kind of nasal spray is a live vaccine, and you must evaluate your immune status. It is not suitable for kidney friends who eat hormones, immunosuppression, kidney transplantation and other immunocompromised people.

10. Will influenza vaccination aggravate kidney disease?

Vaccination against influenza is the most effective means to prevent influenza and avoid its serious complications.

Every year, more than 60,000 people die of influenza-related respiratory diseases in China, most of whom are elderly people and people with basic chronic diseases. Therefore, our kidney friends are actually the key protection targets of the vaccine.

After vaccination, some people may have short-term slight fever, fatigue and runny nose, and generally the symptoms can disappear naturally in two or three days.

Others may see that nephropathy is usually an autoimmune disease, and vaccination will induce immune response, which will lead to immune activity and aggravate nephropathy.

However, based on the evidence of vaccination against autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren’s syndrome, it is not found that influenza vaccine will significantly increase the activity of autoimmune diseases.

Presumably, this article has answered many doubts and concerns of kidney friends about influenza vaccination, and you are welcome to pass it on to your friends around you ~

References:

Immunizations in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease in adults.uptodate

Immunizations in patients with end-stage kidney diseas.uptodate

Immunizations in solid organ transplant candidates and recipients.uptodate

Overview of the management of chronic kidney disease in adults.uptodate

Application status of influenza vaccine in China and discussion on policies to promote vaccination. Chinese Journal of Epidemiology.

Original title: "Influenza vaccine, how long will it take effect? Can kidney friends play? All the top 10 questions are answered.

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Sun Honglei rumors： no immigrants.

Recently, Sun Honglei appeared in Harbin activities, and for the first time personally blamed the rumors of immigration: "Many people said that I immigrated, and even my teachers and classmates asked me. I said that I didn’t leave, and I went out for a trip, so I had a small composition." Earlier, it was rumored that Sun Honglei and his wife had settled in Australia, and they also transferred hundreds of millions of assets.

Sun Honglei, born in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province in August 1970, graduated from the Central Academy of Drama, a film actor in China and an actor in China’s National Theatre.

In 1998, Sun Honglei starred in his first TV series "Never Satisfied" and started his film career. Later, he was selected by director Zhang Yimou to star in his first film "My Father and Mother".

From 2001 to 2002, the TV series "Like Fog, Like Rain and Like Wind" and "Behind the Vanity" starred by Sun Honglei were broadcast one after another, and the image of the big brother played by was gradually recognized by the audience.

On October 1st, 2014, Sun Honglei announced her marriage to Wang Jundi at the Weibo, and the wedding was held in Paris.

On December 16th, 2017, Sun Honglei’s wife Wang Jundi gave birth to a daughter.

In April this year, a group of photos of Sun Honglei’s family shopping in Australia came out. All the families in the photos were very happy and smiling. Some netizens said that they found Sun Honglei going to the local immigration office, so the news of "Sun Honglei immigrants" spread on the Internet.

Text | Reporter Shao Yuheng

Explore the way ahead for Chinese modernization

　　At the recent symposium on deepening the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made it clear that Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei should undertake the important task of "becoming the pioneer and demonstration area of Chinese modernization". Major regional development strategies such as the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei meet the needs of high-quality development in China’s new era. On the new journey, we must firmly establish the overall situation, enhance the overall coordination of development, and promote Chinese modernization with high-level regional coordinated development.

　　The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, with an area of 216,000 square kilometers and a population of more than 100 million, has a natural foundation for mutual integration and coordinated development. Based on the overall situation of modernization and creating a new growth pole layout of economic development, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core made a major decision to promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei into a national strategy, which has achieved fruitful results in practice. Today’s Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the "siphon effect" is weakened, and the "radiation-driven" is remarkable. With the help of the docking of transportation, industry, medical care, education and other fields, the problem of insufficient regional development imbalance has been improved through coordinated progress, and the effect of "one plus one is greater than two, and one plus two is greater than three" has become increasingly prominent.

　　New journeys, new tasks and new challenges have given Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei a new historical mission and put forward higher requirements. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made it clear that achieving high-quality development is an essential requirement of Chinese modernization and the primary task of building a socialist modernized country in an all-round way. As one of the three important power sources leading the country’s high-quality development, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei has a large number of first-class universities and high-end research talents, with solid innovation foundation and strong strength, and is fully capable of shouldering the exploratory task, taking the lead in Chinese modernization and demonstrating to the world the China concept, China system and China road.

　　Promoting Chinese-style modernization clearly requires "putting innovation in a prominent position in the overall development of the country" and actively adapting to changes, so as to continuously shape new development momentum and new advantages. To explore the way for Chinese modernization, we must continue to do a good job in "collaboration", strengthen collaborative innovation and industrial cooperation, combine the advantages of Beijing’s scientific and technological innovation with those of Tianjin’s advanced manufacturing research and development, strengthen joint research on key core technologies, jointly build the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei National Technology Innovation Center, enhance the engine capacity of scientific and technological innovation, and play a leading role in realizing high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.

　　Promoting Chinese-style modernization clearly requires "persisting in deepening reform and opening up", deepening reform and innovation, unswervingly expanding opening up, and focusing on cracking down on deep-seated institutional and institutional obstacles in order to expand the development space. In order to explore the way for Chinese modernization, we need to carry forward the spirit of daring to try and be the first in deepening the reform of administrative system, creating an institutional environment to absorb and gather innovative elements and resources, innovating a new model of urban management, creating a new highland for opening up to the outside world, and deeply participating in the global industrial division and cooperation, so as to carve out a new path of regional coordinated development.

　　Promoting Chinese-style modernization ultimately points to "making the achievements of modernization more fair and benefit all the people". To explore the way for Chinese modernization, it is necessary to deeply understand the needs of the masses, coordinate the three major layouts of production, life and ecology, build high-quality public facilities, provide high-quality public services, create a beautiful ecological environment, and effectively solve the interests of the broad masses of people, so that the ultimate goal of the national strategy is the warmth of the masses at their fingertips.

　　Building a socialist modernization power in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way with Chinese modernization are heavy historical chapters that need to be written together. From this point of view, the significance of the pioneer area and the demonstration area is not just to write a beautiful picture of a corner. The coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei is a long-term systematic project. Only by sticking to "a chess game" and "high quality", making bolder efforts, making bolder attempts and making more independent changes can we provide more practical, replicable and popularized development experiences for the whole country. (This article Source: Economic Daily Author: Jin Guanping)