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The spy war is never over, the spy is around, and the Chinese version of ＂Mr. and Mrs. Smith＂ is so good at acting.
After "Undercover" and "Mask", Zhang Haidong’s third spy war drama "Opponent" came!
There are spoilers in this article.
one
The market in the old city of Xiazhou, the most mixed place, has many pickpockets committing crimes.
No, a pickpocket accidentally put his hand into the policeman’s trouser pocket, and it was too late for him to see the photo of the policeman. Li Tang (Guo Jingfei) chases quickly and ties the thief to a telephone pole.
Then Li Tang wore a police uniform and walked into a dirty rental house. Under Li Tang’s torture, Brother Hei admitted that Yaoji owed three million usurers, but he didn’t know the whereabouts of Yaoji. At the same time, Black Brother also noticed that Li Tang was not a policeman.
In fact, Li Tang is an overseas spy. He usually travels as a taxi driver, and when he finishes his task, he will disguise himself as a variety of roles.
Li Tang’s wife Ding Meixi (Tan Zhuo) is also an overseas spy and a teacher. Ding Meixi repeatedly used her body to lure people into the water in order to obtain information. The two men will do whatever it takes to achieve their goals, and as for the little secret between them, they will only see through it.
On the other hand, Duan Yingjiu (Yan Bingyan), a national security officer, is also looking for the spy Yaoji. By looking up the phone records and comparing the take-away orders, she has locked the most likely hiding place of Yaoji. However, the national security personnel were still late. After seeing Li Tang, Yao Ji committed suicide after saying his last words …
However, the investigation of Yaoji still didn’t stop. Duan Yingjiu began to arrange Ding Xiaohe, a newcomer to Guoan, and his party to collect the information that Yaoji might have left in the bank and analyze who Yaoji left the money to.
Ding Xiaohe is Ding Meixi’s younger brother. Ding Xiaohe announced that he had officially joined Guoan, and the couple were terrified. Ying Jiu had long been suspicious of the couple, which undoubtedly put them in deep danger.
It wasn’t long before Mr. and Mrs. Li Tang received the task of killing Bao Ping, a spy. They switched Bao Ping’s asthma medicine to spray to induce asthma, which led to Bao Ping’s death. The couple will try to explain to Ding Xiaohe why they bought a heart spray that the whole family can’t use. So Li Tang sacrificed his health and directed and performed a heart attack recurrence.
He and Ding Meixi also staged a divorce storm in which the husband found out that his wife had broken a whore, so as to divert the attention of the national security personnel, and a catch me if you can began.
2
A good script is the foundation, and the actor is the soul of the play. From the realistic "I am Yu Huanshui", the audience will feel Guo Jingfei’s control over the inner complex drama of the little people.
In this play, Guo Jingfei plays a spy who walks on the tip of a knife every day, and I don’t know when he dies. But at the same time, he is also an ordinary person, who will bend his back for five buckets of rice and worry about his daughter’s puppy love. When his wife didn’t come home late at night, Guo Jingfei was lying in bed counting condoms and found that one was missing. She was silent and lost in thought.
The wife found that her daughter always stole her cosmetics and counted condoms for fear that her daughter would have an accident. Clearly missing one, Guo Jingfei paused for a few seconds, eyes flashing, covering up the past. In this performance, Guo Jingfei vividly interprets the forbearance of a spy husband.
The reason why Guo Jingfei can show the fragility and powerlessness of the little people so vividly is that he devoted himself to the script study and really realized the sense of bringing in. The producer of "Opponent" said in an interview: "Guo Jingfei was deeply moved when he got the script. After watching 10 episodes, he couldn’t put it down and decided to participate. " It is not so much that Guo Jingfei is chosen in this play as that they have achieved each other.
Tan Zhuo is also highly compatible with the role of Ding Meixi. Ding Meixi is a glamorous female teacher, an unscrupulous female spy, and a wife and mother. For multiple identities, Tan Zhuo’s performance is very layered.
When she was blocked at home by Duan Ying-jiu, the other party kept asking her for soul torture, and Tan Zhuo ignited the female spy’s inner anxiety, habitually clasping her hands and fidgeting. I’m afraid that a spy with a good psychological quality will panic when encountering this kind of attack.
When her husband broke into the house with a belt to help clear the gap, Tan Zhuoming was relieved. He glanced at Duan Yingjiu timidly, but his heart was exulting. The detailed handling was too skillful.
It was the first time for several actors in the play to cooperate, but they entered the role faster than expected. The producer revealed: "This is due to the trust and tacit understanding they have established when they read the script around."
three
The content of Opponent is unrepeatable, mainly because the form of spy war is connected with life, involving many bridges that need to be kept secret.
This drama starts from the daily life of spies and national security personnel and reveals their unknown side. For ordinary people, watching a group of mysterious workers fight against each other is a different experience.
"Opponent" doesn’t have the high-tech and enviable work of others. What I feel is that the anti-espionage work is not easy, and the spies are not glamorous on the surface, but extremely dangerous.
The spy couple in the play are faced with the tempering of life. Ding Meixi was found by the school to make up lessons outside, and the bonus was deducted. The original economy was stretched, and she also strayed into the illegal fund-raising trap and lost all her money. Li Tang accidentally broke his tooth in the pursuit mission, and went to the hospital for treatment, but he was scared out by the high medical expenses. The handling of this comedy shows the fact that spies are "smarter than they are" and "being spies is not glamorous".
There is also a positive image of Duan Yingjiu, who sacrificed his life for his mission and responsibility. Not only did family conflicts continue and he could not lead a normal life, but even his body turned red. However, the drama does not use a lot of pen and ink to describe the emotional side, but presents the greatness and selflessness of the national security personnel through life scenes.
Wang Xiaoqiang, the screenwriter of "Opponent", said when he turned on the phone: "I put my views on the world, my emotional experience and my understanding of faith in this story over the years." Because of this, the play is more warm. And a work with temperature can make the audience resonate.
In today’s era of development and peace, anti-espionage work has always existed in various forms that we don’t know. An unconscious word, a casually discarded courier, may reveal secrets. Perhaps "the spy may be around you"-as the drama is broadcast, the context becomes clearer, and the dispute between the national security personnel and the spy becomes more intense. They will continue to compete for victory in the sun. We will wait and see!
The picture in this article comes from the Internet.
@Movie
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The State Council client version 2.0 is online! -What changes is service, but what remains unchanged is feelings.
China Daily Online, January 20th (Reporter Zhang Tongtong) On January 20th, 2017, 11 months after the launch of the "the State Council" client, version 2.0 was officially launched.
In the new version, sections such as "Simple Administration and Decentralization, I Come to @ the State Council" and "Handheld Government Service Hall" are added to the home page, providing a more convenient and quick service guide for handling inquiries.
The new version also adds the function of switching the English version with one button, and adds English news, prime minister, policies, departments, data, topics, pictures and video channels. Release the authoritative information of China government to the whole world for the first time.
The new version of the English service tab also adds the function of government service for foreigners, which is convenient for foreigners’ life and work.
"Premier Li Keqiang pointed out at last year’s press conference that openness in government affairs and decentralization are the key to promoting the transformation of government functions." Zhao Jianqing, director of the China Government Network Operation Center, told reporters, "The the State Council client is an important channel for the openness of government affairs in internet plus and a bridge between the central government and ordinary people. We hope to be a ‘ in the field of government affairs; Taobao ’ 。”
Shi Li quan fen
In February 2016, a government APP named "the State Council" was officially launched. This APP was built by the China Government Network Operation Center of the State Council General Office and built by China Daily. Rich content, warm-hearted service and grounded language have made this client "circle" a big wave of fans.
The data shows that in the past 10 months, the cumulative download volume of clients has exceeded 20 million, and the number of active users has exceeded 7 million. In the first half of 2016, the number of free APP products in Apple App Store ranked first for many times.
In the TOP1000 list of monthly active users released by Analysys Qian Fan, a third-party data platform, the State Council client always ranks among them, ranking first in government affairs APP, and it is not inferior to news and information clients. According to the monthly activity data of Analysys Qian Fan, the average monthly active users of the State Council clients in the past six months are slightly lower than those of CCTV news clients and higher than those of Xinhua News Agency, Economic Daily and other media clients.
"Very close to the people, very good, rich and timely." Some netizens commented.
"Set the push notifications of all other apps to ‘ ’ is not allowed. , only your setting is ‘ Good ’ Leaving a star is afraid of your pride. " Some netizens commented like this.
Everything starts from the user experience
"The era of disintermediation of social media has arrived, and the openness of government affairs in new media also needs to be changed," Lin Yan, the head of the "two micro-ends" of the Chinese government network and the new media department of the Chinese government network operation center, told reporters. "We operate new government media with the thinking of product managers, and everything starts from the user experience. A button, a hinge, and a moving picture will be repeatedly scrutinized and tested. "
In addition to the intuitive experience of using APP, the State Council’s client operation team continues to innovate in government services. From the traditional online announcement to the "title, text and form", we pay attention to the reading experience, study the release time, and reply to background messages. The research report alone has written more than 100,000 words, covering international excellent APP benchmarking, domestic excellent new media products research, government short video content research and other aspects.
In 2016, the State Council client launched more than 20 government service products, such as "H5 series for you" and "the most comprehensive practical manual library", covering the reform of the camp, social investment, food safety, social security, entrepreneurship, education and other aspects. Among them, the reading volume of the manuscript "Unqualified food inquiry H5" exceeded one million.
"As an Internet PM (product manager), I used this product, and I feel really hard. I hope to continue my efforts!" An Internet product manager commented.
Some government service products of the State Council client.
"the State Council client has innovated the way of information dissemination in the State Council, and our goal is to be in the field of government affairs ‘ Taobao ’ Let the people do things as conveniently and quickly as visiting Taobao. " Zhao Jianqing said.
Close the distance between the government and the people.
"Brother Jun, what have you done recently?" "This is not the pilot program for the reform of the camp, but it has been fully promoted immediately. I have been busy with this."
This policy interpretation picture, which has been forwarded by nearly 100 websites and WeChat WeChat official account, is called "WeChat Vernacular Reform", which is the product of the brainstorming of the State Council’s client operation team, and it received nearly one million hits on the day it was pushed. "The small series that speaks grounded gas is a good small series," one user left a message.
Easy-going language, topics close to life, and making people feel the warmth of the government have always been the planning concept of the the State Council client team. On May 1, 2016, the the State Council client released a product called "Have you seen a city at four o’clock in the morning? Short film of ". In this short film, the State Council client reporters recorded the figure of ordinary workers with the lens: the first subway started, the first street lamp was lit, and the first fried dough sticks were put into the pot … …
As soon as the college entrance examination was over, the the State Council client published a piece that read "To candidates — — Play songs during the day, keep company with youth ". "the State Council can’t stop literature and art," commented the netizen.
On Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, the the State Council client launched a message collection activity for netizens, editing the touching messages of netizens into articles and publishing them for ordinary people to tell their stories.
Whenever 24 solar terms arrives, the State Council clients will put on "new clothes" — — Play a warm poster on the boot screen and send a reminder to the user at the first time.
Some original works of the State Council client
From online to offline
"We must not only release our feelings, but also release and interpret the government’s policies, and also respond to the concerns of the people and collect their suggestions." Zhao Jianqing stressed.
In October, 2016, the the State Council client launched the "Simple Administration and Decentralization, I Come to the State Council" campaign. The activities covered 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, 472 prefectures, and 2,838 districts and counties, and went deep into 4,206 government service halls and 11,902 service points, listening to the voices of ordinary people and transmitting opinions and research to relevant departments.
A few weeks after the activity, some netizens who participated in the activity unexpectedly received a phone call from the editorial department of the State Council client. Yes, the State Council client operators selected user messages and made a telephone call back, and specially sent exclusive postcards for them from Zhongnanhai Post Office.
An APP worth having.
Premier Li Keqiang once stressed at a the State Council executive meeting: "Our government officials at all levels should ‘ Use your mobile phone well ’ , well designed ‘ Internet ’ Channels to continuously improve the ability to handle government information, sense the warmth of the masses and respond to social public opinion. "
The State Council Client 2.0, which was launched on January 20th, not only improved the government functions such as government service and data query, but also added the function of switching English version reading with one button. It is not only close to the people, but also increases the "international style."
At present, users can download the State Council clients through Apple, 360 Mobile Assistant, Baidu Mobile Assistant, Tencent App Store, pea pods, Huawei App Market, Xiaomi and other app stores.
Soldiers and teenagers join hands in football matches to increase friendship
Recently, a youth football friendly match was held in Wenquan County, Xinjiang. The football teams from town primary schools in Wenquan County and the teams from the Central School of the 88th Regiment of the Fifth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps participated in the competition.
The scene of the youth football friendly match between the army and the land (photo by Wuyun Geli)
In the game, the young football players competed with each other, and their tacit passing and wonderful steals instantly "ignited" the whole pitch.
Under the stadium, shouts and cheers came one after another, and everyone enjoyed the warmth and joy brought by this sports "feast".
The scene of the youth football friendly match between the army and the land (photo by Dai Lige)
"In this friendly match, I met many good friends and was very happy. I hope that schools can often carry out such activities. " Daren, a member of the team of the 88 th Central School, said.
In recent years, schools, kindergartens and Corps schools in Wenquan County have regularly carried out various sports competitions, educational, teaching and research exchanges and research activities, further promoting exchanges and integration between the two sides, realizing complementary advantages and deep integration, and promoting the common development of education in the two places. (Wu Yun Ge Li Dai Li Ge)
Worms, spyware … What weapons are there in the US network arsenal？
A few days after the ransomware "Want to Cry" raged around the world, the tracing behind the scenes finally got a little clue: Kaspersky Lab in Russia and Symantec in the United States said on the 15th that this ransomware may be related to a hacker organization called lazarus. In this cyber attack, they made malicious ransomware by using the hacking tool "Eternal Blue" leaked from the National Security Agency (NSA) network arsenal.
Reuters once reported that 90% of the expenditure on network projects in the United States was used to develop hacker attack weapons, which could invade the "enemy’s" computer network, monitor people, and paralyze or block infrastructure. Cyber security experts accuse the United States of investing heavily in developing hacking tools instead of self-defense mechanisms, making the global network environment "more insecure".
Compiled by Wen Junhua, all-media reporter of Guangzhou Daily
"The ransomware is not developed by the US National Security Bureau, but by criminal gangs, which may be criminals or foreign governments." Bossert, Assistant to the US President for Homeland Security and Counter-Terrorism, said in response to the "Want to Cry" ransomware incident on 15th, but he evaded the question whether the hacking tools leaked by US intelligence agencies would lead to more cyber attacks in the future.
In fact, the leak of the NSA network arsenal that caused the ransomware rampage was disclosed as early as last August. At that time, a hacker organization named "Shadow Intermediary" claimed to have broken into the "Formula Organization" hacker organization under the NSA and stolen its network arsenal. The "shadow middleman" leaked some of the hacking tools and data through social platforms, and publicly auctioned the complete data package at a high price of 1 million bitcoins (worth about 568 million US dollars), but the hawking did not attract response and widespread attention, and eventually it was auctioned.
Since then, the "shadow middleman" has tried several times to sell the NSA network arsenal without success. Its latest exposure of NSA network weapons was released in mid-April this year. The organization said that NSA had invaded the international banking system to monitor the capital flow between some banks in the Middle East and Latin America. The hacking tool "Eternal Blue" of NSA network arsenal is believed to have been leaked by "shadow middleman".
Although the profit-making purpose of the "shadow middleman" has not been realized, the statement that the hacking tools it stole originated from NSA is considered to be highly reliable. Last year, when the "shadow middleman" released some hacking tools and data, Snowden, the exposer of the "Prism Gate" incident, provided an NSA "malware implantation operation manual" to prove that the cyber weapons peddled by the "shadow middleman" carried NSA’s virtual fingerprints. For example, NSA’s "Malware Implantation Operation Manual" instructs operators to use a special 16-bit string "ace02468bdf13579" when using a malware program SECONDDATE. Among the dozens of hacking tools leaked by "Shadow Broker", the tool SECONDDATE is one of them, and its related code contains a large number of this string.
When it comes to the NSA network arsenal, you can’t avoid the "equation organization". This hacking organization is considered to be a "unwilling to admit" department of NSA, similar to the "fantasy bear" hacking organization in Russia. Before being caught by Kaspersky Lab in 2015, Equation Organization was secretly active for 15 years. According to media reports, because the time and money spent on malware development, mobile technology breakthrough and target blockade are all funded by the state, the project resources are almost unlimited, and Equation Organization has become the "best" hacker organization in the world.
Iran, Russia, Pakistan, Afghanistan, India, Syria, and Mali are among the top 500 infections in 42 countries made by Formula Organization previously announced by Kaspersky Lab. Due to the built-in self-destruction mechanism of malware, the attack of Equation Organization is difficult to be tracked. Therefore, the hacker tools leaked from this arsenal and some previously exposed attack methods can only represent the tip of the iceberg of the NSA network arsenal.
Some NSA cyber weapons
The "Equation Organization" under NSA was discovered and named by Kaspersky Lab. The name comes from their preference for using powerful encryption methods in cyber attacks. In the previous network attacks, they used various attack methods, such as worms, hard disk viruses, spyware, and network-based attacks.
Fanny worm virus
Fanny worm is the most powerful worm, which can invade the network isolated by the gateway. Fanny worm virus uses a unique USB-based control mechanism, which is mainly realized by USB disk infection.
There is a hidden storage area in the U disk to collect basic system information from the isolated network. When the U disk infected with worms is inserted, the collected information can be immediately sent to the attacker in the networked state. If attackers want to run instructions on the network environment isolated by the gateway, they can store the instructions in the hidden space of the U disk through a worm. When the U disk is inserted into the target computer, the worm will automatically recognize and run the instructions.
"Shenzhen" virus
It is reported that "Shenzhen" is the first destructive virus specially written for industrial control system, which contains the vulnerability intrusion technology of Fanny worm virus, and can attack Windows system and Siemens SIMATIC WinCC system by using seven vulnerabilities. It is said that it was jointly developed by the United States and the Israeli government.
The structure of "Shenzhen" virus is extremely complicated and its concealment is super strong. After the computer operator inserts the infected U disk into the USB interface, this virus will gain control of the industrial computer system without any operation.
During the attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities, the virus suddenly changed the engine speed in the centrifuge. This sudden change was enough to destroy the centrifuge’s operation ability and could not be repaired. After the centrifuge was out of control, the virus still sent a report of "working normally" to the control room, so that the centrifuge was destroyed without anyone knowing. spyware
Regin spyware is an advanced stealth malware discovered by Symantec in 2014, which can avoid the detection of conventional anti-virus software. The malware has been accused of being used to monitor the government, companies and individuals since 2008 and is considered to be associated with the NSA.
Symantec pointed out that Regin spy tool uses a number of stealth technologies, which requires a lot of time and resources, indirectly indicating that it is a product developed by a "country". Regin malware allows hackers to launch a series of remote Trojan attacks, including stealing users’ passwords and data, intercepting users’ mouse clicks, capturing screenshots from infected computers, monitoring network traffic, and analyzing emails from Exchange databases. Hard disk virus
A report by Kaspersky Lab has revealed that NSA may have implanted a virus in the hard disk firmware to rewrite the hard disk firmware of the infected computer.
According to the report, because the virus is written into firmware, it can be activated after the hard disk is powered on. This malicious firmware creates a secret information repository, which can effectively prevent military-level disk erasure and reformatting, so that sensitive data stolen from victims can still be used even after reformatting the driver and reinstalling the operating system.
PHP intrusion code
Equation organization has been found to use malicious PHP intrusion code to attack loopholes in Oracle’s Java software framework or IE browser, ranging from scientific and technological product evaluation to various websites of Islamic Jihad forum. This invasion is as precise as surgery, which can ensure that only one specific target is infected. In an invasion case, the PHP script of Equation Organization also paid special attention to avoid infecting the IP addresses of Jordan, Turkey and Egypt.
The earliest beauty of spring flowers! Come to Zhongshan Park to watch the Spring Festival.
In order to enrich the cultural life of citizens and tourists and set off the festive atmosphere, Zhongshan Park will hold a series of cultural activities for the Spring Festival. The flower shows in Tanghuawu and Huifang Garden will open to welcome guests, and citizens can also enjoy the earliest beautiful spring flowers in the dead of winter.
A traditional flower boutique exhibition with the theme of "Longteng Shengshi" has met with citizens and tourists in Tanghuawu. More than 70 varieties and more than 1,000 pots of various flowers and plants appear at the same time, and visitors can enjoy the unique charm of spring flowers and winter appreciation.
It is reported that in addition to the special flowers for controlling the flowering period in the park, such as plum blossom, peach blossom, rhododendron, bauhinia and Xifu begonia, there are also festive flowers such as Zhu Dinghong, Cymbidium grandiflorum, giant pumpkin, North American holly and autumn fruit-viewing plants, which are matched with foliage-viewing plants such as dragon’s blood tree and bird’s nest fern, so that visitors can see the four-season flowers with different shapes and charms at one time. In addition, in recent years, the newly cultivated and trial-produced wisteria and Jiexiang in Zhongshan Park will achieve the best display effect, providing different flower viewing experiences for citizens and tourists.
During the Spring Festival, in the quaint and elegant Huifang Garden, the "Four Seasons Fragrance" Beijing Celebrity Orchid and Chunlan Exhibition also welcomes citizens and tourists. More than 90 kinds and more than 200 pots of famous orchids, such as Chunlan and Chunjian, cultivated in Zhongshan Park are exhibited in the exhibition.
Orchids are elegant and fragrant, and Zhongshan Park has a long history of orchid cultivation and a unique orchid culture. Here, citizens and tourists can enjoy the famous orchids such as Haiyan Qi Fei, Hutoulan with Red Tongue, Chunlan, Longzi, Wangzi and Satisfied with Sumei.
In addition, in order to create a "prosperous New Year" flavor, Zhongshan Park has set up five landscape sketches outside Sanmen District and Xitan Gate. In the south gate, the theme scene of "Holding Yang and Ningrui" takes the IP "rumbling" of the Year of the Dragon as the main body of the installation, and combines traditional sectors, lanterns, windmills and other elements to set off a auspicious and peaceful atmosphere of the New Year. The auspicious theme of the Year of the Dragon in the East Gate and the theme of "Happy Plum Blossoms" and "Long Life" in the West Gate are mixed with various traditional China elements, expressing the beautiful New Year wishes to tourists.
Source Beijing Daily Client | Reporter Ren Shan Cheng Gong
Editor Hu Decheng
Liu Weili, Process Editor
Reporting/feedback
At the end of National Highway 318： the reunion dinner for guardians and builders.
China Tibet Net News February 11th is the 30th day of the twelfth lunar month (New Year’s Eve), which is also the 30th day of the Tibetan calendar. At the end of National Highway 318, two people with different identities have spent a different year together.
It is reported that the workers who built National Highway 318 at Zhangmu Port in nyalam county, Shigatse City, Tibet Autonomous Region actively responded to the call of the country to celebrate the New Year on the spot and decided to celebrate the New Year at Zhangmu Port. After learning this news, the police at Nyalam Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Station offered them Chinese New Year materials and invited them to celebrate the New Year together.
The picture shows the police at Nyalam Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Station preparing Spring Festival pendants for the construction workers of National Highway 318 at Zhangmu Port.
The picture shows the police at Nyalam Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Station sending Spring Festival pendants to the construction workers of National Highway 318 at Zhangmu Port.
The picture shows the police at Nyalam Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Station and the construction workers of National Highway 318 at Zhangmu Port posting Spring Festival couplets together.
"This is the happiest New Year we have spent in Tibet. The police at the border checkpoint are like our neighbors. We feel the taste of home in their big family." The construction workers of National Highway 318 at Zhangmu Port told reporters.
The picture shows that on the New Year’s Eve of February 11th, the police at Nyalam Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Station invited the construction workers of National Highway 318 at Zhangmu Port to celebrate the New Year together.
The picture shows that on the New Year’s Eve of February 11th, the police at Nyalam Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Station had a reunion dinner with the construction workers of National Highway 318 at Zhangmu Port.
The picture shows the police at Nyalam entry-exit frontier inspection station playing games with the construction workers of National Highway 318 at Zhangmu Port at the reunion dinner.
The picture shows that after a short gathering, the police at Nyalam entry-exit frontier inspection station waved goodbye to the construction workers of National Highway 318 at Zhangmu Port.
One is the guardian of the sacred land, and the other is the builder of a happy home. They are all using their own practical actions to write a touching patriotic chapter in this lonely border town, and jointly contribute silently to the construction of Zhangmu Port. (China Tibet Network Correspondent/ho yuhang)
Reporting/feedback
Lu Yu’s tea, I heard that he didn’t take fame and fortune： tea smells like the past.
Grandpa’s tea has a taste called home.
Lu Yu’s tea is said to be neither famous nor profitable.
Grandpa’s tea tastes good.
Lu Yu’s tea is like a splash-ink landscape painting.
The sandstorm of the Tang dynasty for thousands of years is still blowing.
— — Vincent fang and Jay Chou’s Tea Made by Grandpa (Excerpt)
When I was young, I listened to "Grandpa’s Tea" sung in the streets and lanes, so I liked to sip the jasmine tea that Grandpa had just brewed. In the sweet tea fragrance, I guessed the appearance of Lu Yu thousands of years ago and wondered whether the landscape-like Tang tea was as elegant and free as him. Until today, I saw a seemingly unremarkable model of white porcelain tea set in the "Ancient China" exhibition hall of China National Museum, and finally understood Lu Yu’s unique, lofty and carefree elegance.
White porcelain tea set and Lu Yu statue
Five Dynasties (907-— 960)
It was unearthed in Tangxian County, Hebei Province.
Collected by China National Museum.
At present, this set of tea sets is rich in categories, including an air-stove tea pot for boiling tea, a tea mortar for grinding tea powder, a slag bucket for holding tea residue and a tea bottle for ordering tea, and a white porcelain portrait with a long scroll in hand. If you look at it carefully and listen to it, you will find that every little thing seems to be telling the story of tea.
Since Lu Yu was born in the world, the world has learned from each other.
— — Song Mei Yaochen
This set of tea sets is mostly used for decocting tea in Tang Dynasty. What is interesting is this white porcelain portrait. Who is the portrait and why is it put with the tea set? Scholars began to speculate.
It is recorded in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, Biography of Hermitage: "When you drink tea, you will be worshipped as a tea god when you are in the shape of Tao Yu." It turned out that because of the far-reaching influence of the Book of Tea written by Lu Yu, since the late Tang Dynasty, tea sellers have regarded Lu Yu as a sacrifice to the tea god and also offered a small statue to put in a tea stall. At that time, whenever tea ware was bought to a certain amount, the store would give away a statue of Lu Yu, which was similar to the means of sales promotion of today’s merchants. This figurine was unearthed together with this tea set model, so it is supposed to be Lu Yu, the tea god with the Tea Classic.
▲ Lu Yu porcelain statue.
Although the tea culture in China has a long history, according to the literature records, early tea may have been used as a food. As a special beverage, it should be no later than the Western Han Dynasty. By the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, tea had once become a luxury drink, which was a symbol of scholar-officials boasting of simplicity.
After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, tea became more popular, from the royal family down to the common people, all loved tea, and tasting and discussing tea became a fashion. However, it was not until Lu Yu wrote Tea Classic that tea culture was systematically combed and written. Lu Yu was fascinated by tea art, carefully studied the experience of predecessors in making tea, and constantly summed up the practice, creating a book "Tea Classics".
▲ Lu Yu’s "Tea Classic" book shadow.
The Book of Tea is divided into three volumes and ten sections, which systematically summarizes the knowledge of the origin, production, utensils and other aspects of tea at that time, setting a precedent for Chinese tea art. With the rapid popularization of the Book of Tea, Chinese people are paying more and more attention to the taste of tea itself, which is more elegant, more exquisite and more ceremonial. The appearance of Tea Classic promoted the prevalence of tea ceremony in Tang and Song Dynasties, and influenced every aspect of politics, economy, culture and life in Tang Dynasty and later generations, becoming one of the three largest tea books in the world.
Gong Le Tu is partially anonymous.
The painting reflects the elegant scene of tea and drinking by the court ladies in the Tang Dynasty, and the ladies hold it as porcelain tea set of Yueyao.
Yueyao green glazed lotus leaf with tea cup
Tang (618— 907)
Unearthed in Heyi Road, Ningbo City in 1975
Collection of Ningbo Museum
As soon as the fragrant spring is combined with milk, it is fried to make the beads boil.
— — Don Pi Rixiu
The way of drinking tea in Tang Dynasty was different from today. Instead of soaking, it was boiled. When drinking tea, first crush the tea cake into tea powder, boil the water from the pot and always pay attention to the boiling degree of the water. When it boils, it will be "seasoned with salt". When it boils, a bowl of water will be filled out, and the tea powder will be put into the pot for boiling. When it boils again, it will be poured back into the pot to "cultivate its beauty". When the tea soup is cooked, share it with everyone and drink it while it is hot. If you want to cook a good pot of tea, it is necessary to have an air furnace and a tea pot. The first words in The Four Instruments of Tea Classic show their importance.
▲ "Xiao Yi Earns Lanting Map" (partial) was passed on to Yan Liben in Tang Dynasty.
Tea drinking in the Tang Dynasty is elegant, and the temperature of boiling water is quite particular. "The Five Boils of Tea Classics" said: "It boils like a fish’s eye, with a slight sound as one boiling, and the edge of it is like a spring and beads as two boiling, and the waves are three boiling." There are also many descriptions of boiling water in Tang poems, such as "rabbit hair is light and fragrant, and shrimp eye soup is fine and full of waves" (Lv Yan’s Dayun Temple Tea Poetry); Another example is "a fragrant spring with milk, fried and boiled." When you look at the crab’s eyes splashing, you can see the scales rising at first sight "(Pi Rixiu’s" Tea in Tea "). "Shrimp’s Eye", "Crab’s Eye", "Fishes" and "Spring and Beads" describe the appearance of bubbles rising from small to large in the water before boiling, and the water is already boiling when the waves are surging. The vivid description is not as accurate as the thermometer-type numerical expression today, but it is full of vivid poetry and meaningful aftertaste.
Gold-plated lotus petal silver saucer
Tang (618— 907)
In 1957, Pingkangfang site in Tang Chang ‘an City, Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province was unearthed.
Collected by China National Museum.
The words "Zuo ce makes the house tea storehouse" are engraved in the saucer foot.
When I woke up at noon, I only felt the silence of the earth, and the sound of a cup of tea when the new tea was smashed in the bamboo grove.
— — Tang Liu Zongyuan
The tea mortar in the tea set is shallow and has no glaze on the inner wall, so it should be used for grinding tea powder. In the Tang Dynasty, tea cakes must be crushed into tea powder before they can be decocted in water. Therefore, grinding tools such as mortar, grinding and grinding are essential. Liu Zongyuan, who loves tea, also wrote "Shan Tong knocks on the tea mortar across the bamboo" in My Occasional Works in Summer and Day.
▲ Tang Dynasty Yue Kiln Celadon Teapot.
In the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the tradition of making tea with tea powder in the Tang Dynasty was continued, and images such as tea mortar were common in poems and murals in the Song and Yuan Dynasties. After the tea-boiling method rose in Ming and Qing dynasties, tea no longer needed grinding and drinking, and the tea mortar slowly withdrew. However, today, many places still retain the tradition of tea smashing, and we can still see the figure of tea mortar in the tools of tea smashing.
▲ Gannan Hakka tea.
The more common tea grinding tool is the tea mill. "The Four Instruments of Tea Classics" says that "the grinding trough is best made of orange wood, followed by pear wood, Sang Mu, tung wood and zhe wood." Recently, many ceramic tea mills have been discovered in archaeology. It can be seen that in the Tang Dynasty, tea ceremony flourished, and tea mills made of ceramics, wood and stone were more convenient to use and spread.
In 1987, the discovery of the underground palace of the Tangta in Famen Temple made the royal treasure that had been treasured for more than 1000 years reappear in the world. A complete set of Tang Dynasty court tea set was unearthed in the underground palace, which is the earliest, highest grade and most complete court tea set known today. In the underground palace, the "Monument to the Clothing Account of the Gifted Props and Gifts for the Real Person" was also unearthed, which recorded in detail the names and other information of the offerings, including a set of exquisite grinding tools: the gold-plated flower silver enamel shaft and the gold-plated Hongyan tattooed silver tea trough. The shaft and the tea trough are used in a complete set, and the usage is similar to that of grinding herbs with traditional Chinese medicine today. The shaft is covered with gold-plated flowers and the silver-plated tea trough is covered with gold-plated Hongyan, which is magnificent and represents the highest level at that time.
Gold-plated silver ball shaft, gold-plated Hongyan tattoo silver tea trough
In 1987, the back room of the Tangta underground palace of Famen Temple in Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province was unearthed.
Famen Temple Museum
The fire in the soup bottle speaks for itself, and the wine lamp is the first to make spring.
— — Song Yang Wanli
Tea bottles, also known as soup bottles, are used for heating or holding hot water. Tea bottles are generally short-flowing, and may be mixed with holding pots for pouring warm wine at first, and then slowly separated from wine utensils. A porcelain vase unearthed in Xi ‘an, Shaanxi Province in the third year of Taihe in the Tang Dynasty (AD 829) was similar in shape to a pot-holding one, and the ink book at the bottom was "old"
The words "home tea club bottle" show that at the latest in the middle Tang Dynasty, this kind of holding pot has been used as the exclusive tea bottle for tea sets.
Tea bottles were generally not needed when frying tea in the Tang Dynasty, and there was no relevant record in Tea Classic, but it was an indispensable part of tea ordering in the late Tang Dynasty. When ordering tea, first boil water in a bottle, put the tea powder in a bowl, then hold the bottle and pour water into the bowl to make tea, and then blow it properly.
Lushan kiln snow ash glaze soup bottle
Tang (618— 907)
Collected by China National Museum.
The process of tea-ordering and water injection is somewhat similar to that of hand-brewing coffee today. When water is injected, it is necessary to control both the water flow speed and the water quantity, and the amount and weight of each water injection are particular. It turned out that the flow of holding the pot was short, and the water quantity and speed were difficult to control, so it was difficult to meet the demand. So the flow began to lengthen slowly, and the volume of the tea bottle gradually decreased, making it lighter and easier to order.
According to Mr. Sun Ji’s textual research, the white porcelain tea set and Lu Yu statue in the National Museum of China, the tea bottle and the tea pot came out together, "showing that it was in the period of alternating frying tea and ordering tea". A small tea set, not only let us appreciate the elegant demeanour of fried tea in Tang Dynasty, but also get a glimpse of the rise of tea and feel the continuous development and evolution of China tea culture.
Poetry is not tired of pounding fragrant teas, and it is appropriate to listen to elegant plays on the spur of the moment.
— — Japan’s Emperor Xie ‘e
1500 years ago, with the spread of Chinese culture, tea culture gradually went to the world. In the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks Zuichi, Konghai and others sailed across the sea, came to China to study culture, and brought China’s tea drinking methods and tea seeds back to Japan.
Emperor Emei (Hong Ren, year 810-824) admired Chinese culture and loved tea. He not only ordered the planting of tea trees, but also left a poem "Never tire of pounding fragrant teas when reciting poems, but should listen to elegant plays on the spur of the moment". Under the vigorous promotion of Emperor Xie, Japanese aristocrats appeared the trend of imitating China people to taste tea, and later generations called it "Hong Ren Tea Style" because of its year number "Hong Ren". During the Silla period in North China, tea culture was imported in an all-round way, and tea was spread and developed from the upper class, monks and scribes to the people, and tea was planted and made. Tea culture has thus developed into a distinctive feature of East Asian culture.
"Liu Yu bubble tea, I heard that fame and fortune don’t take, he took a thin horse in the end of the world. The sandstorm of the Tang Dynasty for thousands of years is still blowing. " In fact, it’s not only the sandstorm that has traveled through the Millennium, but also the fragrant tea that China people are attached to. China people love tea, its elegant and mellow quality, the lingering aftertaste and the lingering smell of home. As Mr. Lin Yutang once wrote, "As long as there is a teapot, China people are happy everywhere."
About the author:
Yang Yue, Ph.D. in history, is an associate researcher at the National Museum of China. He is mainly engaged in exhibition planning and implementation, museum policy research, etc. He has presided over or participated in many key projects of the National Social Science Fund and cultural think tank projects, and has published articles such as Archaeological Observation of the Zodiac Pattern in the Epitaph of Liao Dynasty, Comparative Analysis of the Tombs of Xianbei and Han People in Luoyang Area, and Textual Research on Wuchuan Military and Political Affairs in the Northern Dynasties.
Producer | Xiao Jingfang Yang Xinhua
Overall planning | Weng Huainan Liang Li
Editor | Liang Li Yu Ling
Production | Hu Qi