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The process of investigation and research is the process of scientific decision-making.

Investigation and study is a process of understanding the situation. People’s correct ideas do not fall from the sky, are not inherent in their minds, but come from practice. Eating steamed buns chewed by others is tasteless. If you want to know the taste of pears, you have to change them and eat them yourself. No matter making or implementing decisions, it is inseparable from investigation and research. Only through investigation and study can we understand the actual situation, sum up grass-roots experience, create conditions for making correct decisions, and provide first-hand materials for checking the deviation of decisions and problems in the implementation process. At the same time, in the investigation and study, cadres can be assessed, their ideological level, work ability and work style can be understood on the spot, talents can be found, and cadres can be used well.

Investigation and research is a process of promoting work. After a decision is made, it is impossible to rely solely on meeting to meeting and document to document, nor can it solve the problem. Leading cadres should demonstrate their style of work, help and guide them in methods, and pay attention to supervision in implementation. They must sink in and strengthen investigation and research. By creating a certain supervision atmosphere, the momentum of promoting the work is formed, by cultivating and summarizing advanced models, the overall situation is promoted, and the rectification is urged through inspection and criticism, so that everyone has pressure, motivation and vitality.

Investigation and research is a process of connecting with the masses and doing things for the people. By going deep into the grass roots, the reality and the masses, we can understand what the masses are thinking, what they are looking forward to and what our Party committee and government need most. Thus, our various decisions and work arrangements will focus on the wisdom of the people, reflect the public opinion, reflect the people’s feelings, do one thing, win the hearts of the people, and truly achieve the relationship between the people, benefit the people, and use the power for the people.

Investigation and research is also a process of self-learning and improvement. The people are real heroes, while we ourselves are often naive and ridiculous. Since the reform and opening up, the great achievements of Zhejiang’s economic and social development have been created by the people of Zhejiang, and the major decisions made by previous provincial party committees and governments have also come from the vivid practice of the grassroots and the masses. Therefore, in the investigation and study, we should be sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions, humbly ask for advice, be students of the masses and be friends of the masses.

It is very important to learn to do research. Leading cadres should be immersed in their hearts and not be confused by superficial phenomena; It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the situation, see the whole leopard at a glance, and don’t touch the elephant by the blind; You should arrive without pomp, and don’t bluff and cause disturbance to the people. With more investigation and research, the grass-roots units will run around, run deep and thoroughly, and our skills will increase, our understanding will leap forward and our work will be better.

[Excerpt from the speech made during the investigation in Fuyang on April 9, 2004]

Comrade Chen Yun once said: "When leading organs formulate policies, they should spend more than 90% of their time on investigation and research, and less than 10% of their time on final discussion and decision." He added: "One-sidedness always comes from being busy making policy decisions without studying the actual situation." Why are some of our current decisions not targeted and operable? In the final analysis, the root is that there is a little less investigation and research. "The situation is unclear and the determination is great, and there are countless ideas in my heart."

The correct decision can never be made by one person or a group of people sitting in the house and thinking hard without investigation and research. It can only be produced in the reality of the people’s reform and development. Before making decisions on major issues, our leading cadres must have the determination to keep their eyes down and the spirit of being a pupil, take a step, go out of the yard, go to the workshop dock, go to the fields, conduct field research, communicate and discuss with people from all walks of life who really understand the truth, and obtain authentic, reliable, solid and effective research results through "exchange, comparison and repetition" so as to get correct conclusions. Investigation and research are like "pregnancy in October", and decision-making is like "delivery once". The process of investigation and research is the process of scientific decision-making, and it must not be omitted or sloppy.

[Excerpted from the column "Zhijiang Xinyu" in Zhejiang Daily on August 26th, 2005]

The research work should be "deep, practical, detailed, accurate and effective"

Investigation and research is an important way to keep close contact with the masses, and it is also a breakthrough point and an important link to strengthen the party’s style construction. Leading cadres at all levels in the province must maintain a pragmatic style in their investigation and research work, and strive to be deep, realistic, meticulous, accurate and effective. Seeking "depth" means going deep into the masses and grass roots, being good at making friends with workers, peasants, intellectuals and people from all walks of life, and solving problems in the fields, factories, mines, the masses and all social levels. Seeking "truth" means to be realistic in the style of investigation and research, to simplify official reception, not to be accompanied by layers, not to add extra burden to the grassroots, and to truly listen to the truth, touch the truth and do practical things. To be "detailed" means to listen carefully to the opinions of all parties, not only to the reports of cadres, but also to the reactions of the masses, to both positive and negative opinions, to analyze the problems in depth and to grasp the overall situation. Seeking "accuracy" means that the conclusions drawn from investigation and research should be scientific and accurate. We should not only understand the actual situation comprehensively and thoroughly, but also be good at analyzing contradictions and finding problems, seeing the essence through phenomena, grasping the regular things, and improving the scientific nature of the investigation conclusions. Seeking "effectiveness" means putting forward practical solutions to problems, formulating policies and measures with strong operability, and achieving practical results.

[Excerpt from a speech at the learning meeting of the theoretical learning center group of the provincial party committee on February 10, 2003]

Investigation is a science and an art. At present, we are in an information age, an open society and a stage of transformation in all aspects. To strengthen investigation and research work, we must actively explore the characteristics and laws of investigation and research work in the new period, strive to improve the universality of investigation and research objects, improve the pertinence of investigation and research contents, improve the scientificity of investigation and research methods, improve the effectiveness of investigation and research results, and constantly improve the quality and level of investigation and research work, so as to truly regard investigation and research as a process of understanding the situation, promoting work, connecting with the masses, doing things for the people and improving self-learning.

First, we should improve the universality of the research objects. Modern society is a diversified society. Due to the increasingly fine social division of labor, the differences in all aspects of society are increasingly prominent, and the development situation and focus of different departments and regions are different. In this case, on the one hand, the information needed by the Party committee and the government to make decisions has greatly increased, on the other hand, the representativeness of the local and individual has declined, which requires us to master as many situations as possible, be good at finding general rules from a large number of individual situations, and grasp objective things as a whole, so as to make correct decisions. In the past, there was a practice of crouching down for a week and a half, and typical investigation methods such as "dissecting sparrows" were widely used. This spirit should be studied and promoted, but now the pace of work is so fast, the information channels are so wide, the communication tools are so developed, and we have to take care of the situation on the surface. It is also necessary to improve the methods and means, and it is not appropriate to sell ourselves short. We should not only do a good job in typical investigation, but also pay attention to improving the universality of investigation and research objects. We should not cover the whole area with points, but only see trees and not forests. Comrade Mao Zedong attaches great importance to typical investigation and is an expert in conducting typical investigation, but he also cautiously sees that the application scope of typical investigation results is limited, and warns us not to be trapped in narrow empiricism. For leading cadres, especially provincial leading cadres, personal time and energy are limited, even if they spend more time on their own, it will inevitably have its limitations, and it is difficult to ensure that the objects of investigation and research are sufficiently extensive and representative.To solve this contradiction, it is necessary to give full play to the role of various localities and departments, especially the comprehensive research department, fully mobilize the research strength of all walks of life, make full use of modern information means, and achieve the combination of point and surface, up and down, internal and external, multi-level, multi-directional and multi-channel understanding of the situation, so that the decision-making has more factual basis. As the old saying goes, "A gentleman’s life is different, and goodness is false in things." This is the truth.

Second, we should improve the pertinence of investigation and research contents. Recently, in his important speech at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Hu Jintao explicitly asked us to "be brave in exploration, be brave in tackling difficulties, be good at innovation, analyze new situations, grasp new features and put forward new ideas, unswervingly implement the line, principles and policies of the Central Committee, and carry out work creatively in combination with reality, so as to constantly create a new situation in all work". To carry out this requirement, we must put targeted investigation and research in an important position. Practice shows that our investigation and research should focus on the central work, be close to reality, the masses and decision-making, be busy with ideas and seek for key points, and be targeted, get twice the result with half the effort and be fruitful. If you are away from the central work and the decision-making needs, the research effect will be greatly reduced. The current economic and social life is extremely complicated, so the policy research department should carry out investigation and study, and the countermeasures and suggestions put forward should not be vague and empty, but must be realistic, correct in thinking and specific in measures. In particular, under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development and the theory of building a harmonious socialist society, we should thoroughly study some new situations and problems in the practice of implementing the "Eighth Five-Year Plan", building a "peaceful Zhejiang" and a cultural province, and constantly put forward insights on "serving the symptoms". For most research results, improving pertinence means timeliness. For hot issues and important issues that leaders pay attention to, we must concentrate our efforts, respond quickly, investigate in time, and actively seek ideas, ideas, countermeasures, suggestions and solutions for leaders to meet their decision-making needs. "Writing at the right time, a word is worth a thousand dollars", and "being born at the right time" can be used for it. If times change and the focus of work shifts, the research results will be slowly produced, even if it is comprehensive, correct and profound, it will be too late to be of great use.

Third, we should improve the diversity of investigation and research methods. Our party has rich experience in investigation and research, and has formed many effective investigation and research methods in long-term practice, such as holding investigation meetings, seminars, visiting investigations, casing investigations, typical investigations, field visits, etc., which we should inherit and improve in the new period. At the same time, we must adapt to the new situation of economic and social development and change, be good at using scientific investigation methods, and comprehensively apply multidisciplinary theories such as economics, sociology, information theory, system theory and cybernetics to provide comprehensive, accurate and reliable information and data for correct decision-making. In concrete practice, we should adopt different investigation methods according to different investigation tasks and requirements, combine micro-investigation with macro-investigation, combine qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, boldly innovate and take a multi-pronged approach to improve the efficiency of investigation work and the quality of investigation results.

Fourth, we should improve the effectiveness of the research results. The general investigation and research is to understand the facts of the basic level and enhance the feelings with the masses, but the policy research department requires a little higher, not only to focus on investigation, but also to focus on research. I once said that "the key is to be good at research after investigation, to be good at spying on the whole leopard when grasping the point, and to be able to see the micro-knowledge and comprehensive refining in the running." Comrades in the policy research department should have the sensitivity to grasp the key points and identify the typical ones, and carry forward the spirit of perseverance and inquiry. At the same time, the investigation and study of the policy research department is not pure theoretical research, but also different from the specific work deployment, but a countermeasure application research combining theory with practice, and it must be emphasized that "research is applied". As the saying goes, "words can carry the Tao, and use is the most expensive." Specifically, the topic of investigation must be closely related to the needs of practical work. The starting point is to provide necessary countermeasures and suggestions for the work of party committees and governments, and the foothold is to solve specific problems in economic and social life; The field of vision of research must be broad and open, not only to foresee the trend and the general trend, but also to see the signs and tendencies of "the wind rises at the end of Qingping"; The process of investigation must be a process of careful analysis and research, from the rough to the fine, from the false to the true, from the outside to the inside. It must be able to grasp the essence and crux of things, reflect the whole picture and characteristics of things, find effective ways and means to solve problems, and avoid superficial, subjective assumptions, isolated, static and one-sided observation and research; The suggestions formed by the investigation must take into account both needs and possibilities.Put forward practical and concrete measures. Some countermeasures and suggestions seem to be correct, but they can only be shelved because they are difficult to actually operate.

[Excerpt from a speech at the Policy Research Office of the Provincial Party Committee on November 2, 2005]

To engage in pilot projects, we should "boldly imagine and carefully verify"

In various reforms, we often adopt the pilot method and gain some experience before popularizing it. Since it is a pilot project, which has never been done before, we must have the spirit of "being the first in the world", emancipate our minds, boldly rush and try, and reform whatever is conducive to development; It is to go beyond the original system and fundamentally break through the shackles of development.

Do a good job in the pilot work, while "boldly imagining", but also "carefully verifying." We should pay attention to strategies and methods, and strive to follow suit. We should adhere to the point test, promote it on the surface, make it easy before it is difficult, make it shallow before it is deep, adjust measures to local conditions, do not make a one-size-fits-all approach, and do not seek quick march. In the first pilot, we should encourage success, tolerate failure, correct mistakes, and pay attention to protecting the enthusiasm of cadres and the masses for reform; In all-round promotion, we should lead the way with mature experience, avoid repetition, reduce mistakes and minimize the risks and costs of reform as much as possible. At the same time, we should pay attention to combining the strength of reform with the affordability of the people, strengthen ideological and political work, improve various supporting measures, be active and steady, and make overall plans to ensure the smooth progress of reform.

[Excerpted from the column "Zhijiang Xinyu" of Zhejiang Daily on September 10, 2003.Article]　

Calculate the "unbearable" "five insurances and one gold" account: in some places, the payment accounts for more than half of the salary. 

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 2 (Reporter Hua Yedi, Ding Wenjie) "Xiao Li, the manager of a restaurant in Changsha, has an average monthly salary of 2,500 yuan, and needs to pay 8% of old-age insurance, 2% of medical insurance, 1% of unemployment insurance and 12% of housing accumulation fund, totaling 575 yuan, and finally got 1,925 yuan";

"The monthly salary of Xiao Liu, a drugstore employee, is 3,932 yuan, the insurance premium paid by enterprises is 1,160 yuan, the insurance premium paid by individuals is 11% is 432.5 yuan, and the total insurance premium paid by enterprises and individuals is 1,592.5 yuan, which accounts for 40.5% of the salary, excluding the housing accumulation fund" …

These are two cases in a series of surveys on the wages of ordinary employees made by Xie Zilong, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman of Hunan People’s Pharmacy. "If 12% of the housing provident fund is added, the payment rate of’ five insurances and one fund’ of enterprises will reach 52.5%, accounting for more than half of the wages, which has become an unbearable burden for enterprises and employees."

    In many places, the payment ratio exceeds 50%

Representative Xie Zilong’s survey found that according to the relevant provisions of China’s social security policy, the proportion of five social security contributions (pension, medical care, unemployment, work-related injury and maternity) is 29.5% to 30% for enterprises, including 20% for pension, 6% for medical care, 2% for unemployment, 1% for work-related injury and 0.5%-1% for maternity, and individuals have accumulated to about 11%. Some areas even reach or even exceed 50% of wages. "

Even internationally, such a payment ratio is relatively high. According to the survey conducted by the representative of Xie Zilong, among the 125 countries in the world, only 11 countries have rates higher than 40%. Except for China, the other 10 countries are all European countries. The social security rates in China are higher than those in Germany and the United States, and also higher than those in Japan and South Korea in Asia.

    Low-income groups are "embarrassed and burdened"

What are the adverse consequences of the high payment ratio of "five insurances and one gold"? Deputy Xie Zilong analyzed that the most direct impact is that the disposable income of employees is greatly reduced, and the social security premium rate, which accounts for 40% to 50% of wages, can be used when buying a house, and a considerable proportion of wages are excluded from free use by social security.

Especially for working-class people who live only on wages, the pressure is great. According to the current relevant regulations in China, 60% to 300% of the average salary of the previous year is the payment base. This means that the average social wage increases, and the payment base will also rise. Xie Zilong quoted the data of Changsha Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security as saying that the minimum standard of social security payment base was 2,002 yuan in 2013, and it was raised to 2,195 yuan in 2014, an increase of nearly 10%. Even if the monthly salary is less than 2,000 yuan, enterprises and employees have to pay social security according to the lower limit of the payment base of 2,195 yuan, which leads to the actual salary falling instead of rising.

On the other hand, for enterprises, the high social security premium rate increases their operational difficulties and weakens their vitality. "This is more prominent in small and medium-sized enterprises, especially labor-intensive enterprises such as construction and service industries with more migrant workers." Taking a retail enterprise as an example, the representative of Xie Zilong said that from 2011 to 2013, the employees’ total contributions to "five insurances and one fund" were 36.77%, 45.06% and 32.74% of the annual net profit respectively.

Excessive social security burden of enterprises, in turn, hinders the growth of employees’ income and the improvement of welfare: salary increase is often restricted; Some enterprises, especially those that use a relatively high proportion of migrant workers, evade the responsibility of paying social security to employees by missing, underpaying or even not paying, so as to reduce the production and operation costs of enterprises.

The representative of Xie Zilong also found that because the base of social security contributions in China has been rising year after year, the rising space of employees’ wages has been offset by the high social security rate, which makes many enterprises find it difficult to raise their wages, while a large number of employees and other difficult groups often negotiate with enterprises to give up paying social security in order to earn more wages.

    The high payment rate has attracted increasing attention.

The reporter noted that related phenomena have been concerned by the central high-level officials. At the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, it was proposed that the social insurance premium rate should be appropriately reduced in a timely manner. At a joint meeting held in the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) not long ago, Ma Kai, Vice Premier of the State Council, also pointed out that the payment level is really high, and "five insurances and one fund" has accounted for 40% to 50% of the total wages, which makes enterprises feel heavy burden.

In addition to calling for "reducing the social security premium rate as soon as possible", the representative of Xie Zilong also suggested increasing the flexibility of the "five insurances and one fund" payment policy: adjusting the premium rate according to the economic operation state, such as starting a temporary social insurance premium reduction and deferment policy to help enterprises tide over the difficulties.

At the same time, the representative of Xie Zilong suggested that the central and local governments should appropriately allocate funds, increase social security expenditure, subsidize enterprises and individuals to pay for old-age insurance, and actively expand other income sources of social security funds, including the transfer of operating income from state-owned assets and investment income from social security funds.

　　As soon as people get old, all the functions of the body are declining, but the old people’s health care methods are special, so they should never keep up with the young people. Wang Changjiang, deputy chief physician of the Department of Orthopaedics, Rocket Army Characteristic Medical Center, reminded that the elderly should pay attention to avoiding "five periods" in their daily life, that is, not walking for a long time, standing for a long time, sitting for a long time, lying down for a long time, and looking for a long time, so as to lay a good foundation for health preservation.

　　Don’t walk for a long time: it is advisable to walk three or four thousand steps every day.

　　Many elderly people think that walking more is good for their health, and some people walk tens of thousands of steps a day, which is unscientific. In the long run, there will be serious injuries to the knee joint, hip joint and ankle joint, which will lead to joint swelling, difficulty in walking and difficulty in going up and down stairs.

　　For the elderly, exercise for 40 minutes with light load every day, such as walking 3000-4000 steps every day, and don’t walk too fast. If you feel sore and tired after walking for a while, you should stop and have a rest immediately. The initial exercise can start with 1000 steps a day, and then gradually increase the number of steps. When walking, you need to choose a flat road, wear cloth shoes or sports shoes with good anti-slip performance, and you can also wear knee pads to avoid bone and joint injuries caused by falling.

　　Don’t stand for a long time: don’t stand for more than 20 minutes

　　Standing for too long in the elderly is not conducive to blood circulation in the legs, which may lead to diseases such as varicose veins. Especially for the "three highs" elderly, standing for a long time will also lead to insufficient blood supply to the brain, and it is easy to fall and induce a stroke. Some elderly people will have symptoms such as leg weakness and dizziness after standing for a long time. The reasons are leg muscle strain, heart disease, qi and blood deficiency, degenerative arthritis, and lack of nutrition in local tissues. Those with obvious symptoms should go to the hospital for orthopedic treatment in time.

　　We advise the elderly not to stand for more than 20 minutes. If you stand for a long time during the day, you can soak your feet with warm water before going to bed at night. When you sleep, you can raise your heels so that your legs are higher than the horizontal line of your heart, which will help alleviate the poor blood return caused by long standing.

　　Don’t sit for a long time: easy to cause osteoporosis.

　　Some elderly people sit for a long time because they like watching TV, playing chess and drinking tea. Sedentary will greatly reduce the intensity and frequency of bone activity and accelerate the process of osteoporosis in the elderly. Moreover, sedentary will make the neck muscles and cervical vertebrae in a fixed position for a long time, leading to poor local blood circulation, muscle strain, headache and cervical spondylosis, which is even worse for the elderly with cervical spondylosis or insufficient blood supply to the brain.

　　Therefore, the elderly should stand up and walk for 3-5 minutes every hour, stretch their legs and move their waist, move their knees or massage their knees with their hands, thus reducing the adhesion of tissues inside and outside the joints.

　　Don’t stay in bed for a long time: don’t stay in bed all the time unless you sleep.

　　Some elderly people don’t like to communicate with others and don’t like sports. They always like to rest on the sofa or bed. Long-term lying will cause muscle atrophy and muscle weakness, and even cause joint contracture and deformation; Reduce gastrointestinal peristalsis and easily cause constipation; Slow blood flow and high blood viscosity in the elderly may cause venous thrombosis and vascular obstruction.

　　Therefore, the elderly should try not to stay in bed for more than one hour during non-sleep time, and get up every hour to exercise their bones and muscles, and it is best to go outdoors.

　　If some elderly people need to stay in bed for a long time due to physical illness, they should pay special attention to avoid bedsores. You can choose an air cushion mattress, which has a good bedsore prevention effect, and the cotton mattress has poor air permeability. In addition, turning over every two hours and patting the back can promote the blood circulation of the body.

　　Don’t look too long: excessive use of eyes can cause eye diseases.

　　For the elderly, excessive use of eyes will lead to blurred vision, dry eyes, turbid lenses, optic nerve damage, macular degeneration, etc., thus inducing eye diseases such as cataract, glaucoma and senile macular degeneration.

　　Old people should pay attention to the habit of using their eyes. When reading books and newspapers, the reading materials should be at least 30 cm away from their eyes, and don’t lean forward too much. Look away from TV and mobile phone every 20 minutes, or close your eyes and have a rest. In daily life, you can often blink your eyes, or turn your eyes up, down, left and right, which can exercise your eye muscles and delay aging.

　　(Author: Rocket Army Medical Center Mo Peng)

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission recently revised and issued the Measures for the Administration of Equity of Insurance Companies. The person in charge of the relevant departments of the China Insurance Regulatory Commission pointed out that the "Measures" further improve the entry threshold and ensure that "the insurance industry is guaranteed" based on the principle of "letting people who really want to do insurance enter the insurance industry". The "Measures" clearly require investment insurance companies to use "self-owned funds with legitimate sources" to strengthen the examination of the authenticity of the shares.

　　How does the Measures further tighten shareholder access? The person in charge said that the "Measures" are based on the principle of "letting people who really want to do insurance enter the insurance industry", further improving the entry threshold, standardizing the investment and shareholding behavior, preventing improper interest transfer and various risks, and ensuring "the insurance industry’s surname is guaranteed".

　　First, strict access conditions, in terms of financial status, investment capacity and other aspects have put forward more stringent requirements.

　　The second is to set up a negative list of market access, which clearly stipulates that investors with unclear ownership structure or disputes, records of holding shares, providing false information or false statements, and bearing heavy responsibility for insurance companies’ business failures and major violations are not allowed to invest in shares.

　　Third, it is forbidden for investors who have cash flow fluctuations that are greatly affected by the economic boom, have a record of bad investment behavior in the open market, and have had bad influence from dishonest business practices to become controlling shareholders of insurance companies.

　　The fourth is to increase the consideration of shareholders’ capacity building in the industry.

　　How does the Measures strengthen the supervision of ownership structure? The person in charge said that in line with the principle of prudent supervision, the Measures reduced the upper limit of the shareholding ratio of a single shareholder from 51% to 1/3. At the same time, according to the principle of classified supervision, according to the shareholding ratio of shareholders and their influence on the operation and management of insurance companies, the shareholders of insurance companies are divided into control category (the shareholding ratio is more than 1/3, or their voting rights have a controlling influence on the resolutions of the shareholders’ meeting), strategic category (the shareholding ratio is more than 15% but less than 1/3, or their voting rights have a significant influence on the resolutions of the shareholders’ meeting), financial category II (the shareholding ratio is more than 5% but less than 15%), and financial category II. Different categories, different qualification requirements, different review priorities and different regulatory measures are imposed.

　　After the formal implementation of the new measures, in principle, the ownership structure of existing insurance companies will not be retroactively adjusted, but some insurance companies with potential risks in the ownership structure will be given window guidance and targeted regulatory measures will be taken. For the new behavior of investment insurance companies, the new regulatory requirements shall be strictly followed.

　　How does the Measures strengthen the supervision of capital authenticity? The person in charge said that the "Measures" clearly require investment insurance companies to use "their own funds with legitimate sources" to strengthen the examination of the authenticity of the shares.

　　First, it is clear that self-owned funds should be limited to net assets.

　　Second, in the form of a negative list, the types of funds that cannot be used to invest in insurance companies are clearly defined, including the prohibition of using insurance companies’ relevant loans, funds secured by insurance companies’ deposits or other assets, funds obtained by improper use of insurance companies’ financial influence or improper relationship with insurance companies to invest in insurance companies’ equity, etc.

　　Third, it is clear that the regulatory authorities can trace the source of their own funds upward according to the principle of penetrating supervision and substance over form. For those who use non-owned funds to invest in shares, measures are stipulated, including ordering the transfer of shares, revoking administrative licenses, and restricting investment in the insurance industry.

　　What are the requirements of the Measures for shareholders’ behavior, number of shares and holding period?

　　The person in charge said that regarding shareholders’ behavior, strict supervision of shareholders’ exercise process requires the establishment of an effective risk isolation mechanism, and it is not allowed to conduct improper related party transactions with insurance companies, and it is not allowed to use equity pledge to illegally hold shares, related shares and transfer shares in disguise, and it is not allowed to use controlling shareholders’ position to harm the interests of insurance companies, prevent the transmission of improper interests, and use insurance companies as ATMs and other risk behaviors.

　　Regarding the number of shares, in order to avoid similar vicious competition and encourage insurance companies to focus on their operations, the Measures stipulate that, except in special circumstances, the same investor, its related parties and concerted parties can only become the controlling shareholders of an insurance company operating similar businesses, and the total number of controlling shareholders and strategic shareholders shall not exceed two.

　　With regard to the holding period, it is stipulated that controlling shareholders are not allowed to transfer their shares within five years, strategic shareholders are not allowed to transfer their shares within three years, financial class II shareholders are not allowed to transfer their shares within two years, and financial class I shareholders are not allowed to transfer their shares within one year. The purpose is to prevent investors from speculating on licenses and forcing them to focus on the main business of insurance.

　　What measures does the Measures take to penetrate supervision?

　　The person in charge said that the "Measures" clearly stipulated that the regulatory authorities should carry out penetrating supervision of insurance companies according to the principle that substance is more important than form, and can make substantive identification of the shareholders of insurance companies and their actual controllers, related parties and concerted parties.

　　First, shareholders are required to explain the ownership structure step by step until the actual controller, as well as its relationship with other shareholders or the relationship of concerted action.

　　Second, in terms of shareholder qualification, it is stipulated that the shareholding ratio of shareholders, their related parties and concerted parties should be calculated together, and if the total shareholding reaches a certain type of shareholder standard, the shareholder with the highest shareholding ratio should meet the qualification conditions of this type of shareholder; At the same time, investors are required not to entrust others or accept others’ entrustment to hold shares in insurance companies.

　　Third, in terms of the source of funds, investors are required not to evade the regulatory provisions of their own funds in disguise by setting up shareholding institutions, and the regulatory authorities can trace the source of their own funds upwards. If the investor is an insurance company, it shall not use its registered capital to make repeated capital contributions to its subsidiaries step by step.

　　Fourth, in the supervision of the actual controller of shareholders, it is required that the shareholders whose main business is investment insurance companies should meet the conditions of shareholders if their actual controllers change; It also applies the prohibition conditions of controlling shareholders to the actual controllers of insurance companies.

　　How does the Measures strengthen the review measures and accountability? The person in charge said that the "Measures" established a full chain review and accountability mechanism for equity management through a series of regulatory means such as prior disclosure, in-process tracing and post-event accountability.

　　First, public supervision, the establishment of equity pre-disclosure, supervision and public inquiry system.

　　Second, shareholders’ statements, if shareholders make false statements, will not only affect their current shareholding behavior, but also affect their future investments in the insurance industry and even the financial industry.

　　The third is commitment, which requires insurance companies or shareholders to make commitments on the consequences of providing false information or false statements such as related relationships and shareholding funds.

　　Fourth, the special provisions of the articles of association require reasonable arrangements for the nomination and election rules of directors, the protection of the interests of minority shareholders, policyholders, insured and beneficiaries, so as to provide a basis for later accountability and regulatory disposal, and increase measures to deal with illegal or fraudulent licensing.

　　Fifth, strict accountability. For insurance companies, directors and senior managers of insurance companies, shareholders of insurance companies or related parties, the accountability methods for violations of laws and regulations are stipulated, bad records of equity management are established, incorporated into the enterprise credit information system, and joint punishment is implemented.

　　What are the regulatory measures and measures for illegal shareholders in the Measures? The person in charge said that the Measures enriched the means of shareholder supervision from many aspects and clarified the withdrawal mechanism:

　　First, it is stipulated that the regulatory authorities can investigate or publicly question the behavior of shareholders involving the equity of insurance companies.

　　The second is to require insurance companies or shareholders to provide false materials or false statements. If the circumstances are serious, the regulatory authorities will revoke the administrative license according to law, and require investors whose administrative licenses have been revoked to withdraw according to the lower of the share price and the net asset price per share.

　　The third is to stipulate that the regulatory authorities can restrict the relevant rights of illegal shareholders in insurance companies and order them to transfer or auction their shares according to law. If the transfer is not completed within the time limit, the investors who meet the relevant requirements will transfer the equity at the assessed price.

　　The fourth is to establish a negative list of investors’ market access, record investors’ violations of laws and regulations, and stipulate that the regulatory authorities can restrict investors from reinvesting in the insurance industry for more than five years until their lives. Anyone suspected of committing a crime shall be transferred to judicial organs according to law.