分类： hfghfgj

In our food, a lot of delicious food is related to fermentation, which is created with the help of microorganisms. Bread, steamed bread, etc. are inseparable from the fermentation process, and microorganisms are involved.

This has formed a huge fermentation empire around us, and because of the participation of human beings, these fermented foods have shown a colorful state.

Through the in-depth combing of these fermented foods, we can also get a glimpse of the development of our own human culture, and the history of fermented foods, to some extent, is the history of human culture itself. This article is taken from Anthropology of Fermentation Culture: Viewing Human Society from the Perspective of Microbes.

There are traces in murals more than 3 thousand years ago

Archaeologists believe that both humans living in the cold Siberian glacier area and the Amazon rainforest in South America evolved from Homo sapiens. About 200,000 years ago, Homo sapiens who appeared on the African continent mostly lived by hunting and gathering. In this way, they gradually moved towards Eurasia, and created Mesopotamia civilization in the eastern Mediterranean about 6,000 years ago and ancient Egypt civilization about 7,000 years ago.

In ancient Egyptian murals more than 3,000 years ago, there were scenes depicting mashing grapes to make wine, and it was also found that the food was preserved by salting fish. In this way, the origin of fermentation can be traced back to the formation of the oldest known civilization, or even earlier (perhaps the ancient ancestors of human beings had already had a party drinking homemade wine).

Maybe there will be such a story then. Our ancestors piled the newly harvested wheat in the warehouse, only to find that it was flooded and soaked in water, and it was already bubbling when it was found. At this time, if the person found ignores it in order to avoid accountability, the warehouse will be filled with the aroma of beer after a while; If a thrifty housekeeper finds out, he may fish out the wheat, drain it and smoke it on the fire. After a while, the aroma of bread will drift away.

Perhaps, after our ancestors left the juice squeezed from grapes for a period of time, they gradually smelled some subtle sweet smells, and then found that the sweetness gradually disappeared and was replaced by some slightly sour and mellow unique flavors. This may be the most primitive wine-making process. Next, I will explain these fermentation phenomena one by one.

After wheat germinates, the sugar content in wheat grains will increase under the action of plant enzymes. These sugars are used by microorganisms such as yeast (budding yeast) to produce alcohol and bubbling carbon dioxide gas. That is to say, the dense foam and alcohol in beer are not added by the brewery in the production process, but by microorganisms.

As for the process of making bread, I use Indian pancakes and Indian naan, which are well understood by everyone, as an example. Both are popular staple foods in Indian cuisine. Indian pancakes are thin and a little hard after baking. Indian naan is also made of flour, but it is soft and sweet after baking. This is because Indian naan is fermented by yeast during the production process, which makes the dough release carbon dioxide gas during the baking process, which is why we always see a lot of bulges in naan. Similarly, the soft and sweet bread that can be made simply by heating is also the credit of yeast.

It can be said to be a turning point of human civilization.

What about wine? The brewing of wine is also a process of yeast fermentation. There are many wild yeasts attached to the skin of grapes. When the grapes ripen and fall to the ground, the fruit will break, and the yeasts attached to the skin will take advantage of the situation to absorb the rich sugar in the grape fruit. At this time, fermentation will begin (in principle, it is the same as beer brewing). As for why grape juice is sweet, but wine tastes mellow and has a unique aroma, this is because the sugar in grape fruit is used by yeast to brew delicious alcoholic drinks for us during fermentation.

However, this delicious brewing process must be carried out in a completely closed environment. Alcohol and other substances produced by yeast fermentation keep other putrefying bacteria away, which is why wine is less prone to putrefaction than grape juice. Who can refuse grape wine that can be preserved for a long time and become more mellow and fragrant?

Our ancestors must have thought, "Although we don’t know what happened, we seem to have done the right thing at the right time. This delicious food may be given to us by God! Great! " So these fermentation techniques are summarized into recipes that can be learned by adults by cooking people’s hands, and you can always smell bread or wine in ancient towns …

Here, it can be said that it is the turning point of human civilization!

Homo sapiens-intelligent human beings. They discover the life activities of microorganisms invisible to the naked eye from the appearance of food changes, and use it to enrich our human culture and life. Didn’t human civilization develop in fermentation? Our wise ancestors can communicate with microorganisms invisible to the naked eye, which is a great progress of mankind!

Monkeys and zebras munching on ripe fruits don’t think about "making fermented food with their limbs or horseshoes". If I want to think about the philosophical proposition of "what is man", I, as a fermentation designer, will answer "I want to ferment, therefore I am". But don’t forget, "when you are drunk, everything goes wrong."

The encounter between human and mold

In Japan’s oldest chronicle "Ancient Stories" (compiled in 712), there was a story of "Su Zhan Ming Zun got the Hachida serpent drunk and took the opportunity to kill the serpent and marry Qi Daotian Ji". This proves that at least at that time, the Japanese had mastered the technology of making wine with rice or fruit. Historians believe that the Japanese learned to ferment about 1300 years ago.

Among them, there is a famous poem in "Spreading the Country’s Customs" (edited in 713-715), which is simply translated as follows: "The rice offered to our ancestors was fermented by mildew, and everyone drank and had fun together. It was a wonderful party!"

Among them, "moldy rice" and "brewed wine" are the key messages. How are these seemingly incomprehensible two points connected?

"Moldy … doesn’t it mean that the food is rotten?"

According to the usual literal meaning, it is true. However, there is a tradition of "fermentation with mold" in East Asia, the most representative of which is Japan’s "fermentation technology using mold". The western (Mediterranean) region mentioned above uses yeast to make wine, while in our east, the brewing technology of "using mold fermentation" is the mainstream. Just like the Japanese team’s "Judo" in the Olympic Games, this brewing technology is Japan’s "national quintessence".

What on earth is this traditional skill? I’ll explain it to you right away.

The microorganisms that turn the placed rice into wine are actually called "Aspergillus japonicus", which inhabit rice fields and are special "fermentation molds". Japanese usually write "Aspergillus", which is a very important part of Japanese food culture.

Before explaining Aspergillus japonicus, let’s popularize the concept of mold.

Mould, the largest in microorganisms, belongs to the category of "fungi" with high degree of evolution. Morphologically, they have "hyphae" equivalent to plant roots and "spores" equivalent to plant leaves and stems.

Although molds are quite similar to plants in morphology, they can’t carry out photosynthesis like plants. They are heterotrophic creatures like animals. If you walk in the Woods, you may see that rotten fruits, animal droppings, and insect remains are covered with furry things, that is mold.

Mould penetrates its long hyphae into nutrient-rich nutrients, and sips off nutrients to help its spores cover "food" as much as possible. When the spores mature, they will release "seeds" from the front end, and the "seeds" will fly in the air, on the ground, or on the surface of plants … They first go into hibernation, and then when the time is ripe, they will attach to food, and then start a new round of growth.

In nature, there are many molds that survive by decomposing the corpses of other organisms like this. They play the role of "decomposers" and are an important part of the natural ecological cycle (of course, there are also malicious roles in molds that kill other living organisms and decompose them to extract the required nutrients).

Mould is the bridge between animals and plants visible to the naked eye and invisible microorganisms.

They decompose thick plant cell walls and complex living structures that ordinary bacteria and other microorganisms cannot decompose into small molecular compounds for small microorganisms to use.

Mold can turn rice into fruit.

Now we can get down to business. Let’s take a look at what happened in "moldy rice".

Aspergillus japonicus, who originally lived in rice fields, likes rice best. But like us humans, they think raw rice is too hard to eat and must be steamed before eating. The "wet rice" recorded in "Sowing the Country’s Customs" is "steamed rice with moisture". This is the favorite of Japanese Aspergillus, which is as delicious as the draft beer that Tokyo office workers "drank under Xinqiao shed in the sunset of early summer evening" after work.

It is at this moment that Aspergillus japonicus, which is adsorbed on the moist rice, quietly puts its mycelium into the rice, and they swim in it like the roots of plants, enjoying the sweet rice and feasting. At this time, starch, the main component of rice, is broken down into small molecular sugars to provide energy for Aspergillus.

Aspergillus japonicus grows rapidly under the energy obtained by decomposing rice, and soon its spores form a white leaf-like structure, covering the whole rice tightly. This phenomenon is equivalent to the hairy spore layer covered by feces and insect remains that we will see in the forest (sorry I gave a slightly disgusting example).

At this time, if you pull open the spore layer and look at the rice grain, all the starch in the rice grain has been broken down into sugar. In other words, the rice at this time is as sweet as grapes. How amazing! Mold can turn rice into fruit!

Anthropology of Fermentation Culture: Looking at Human Society from the Perspective of Microbes

[Japan] Kokura Takuya

Translated by Wang Tong

Guangxi Normal University Press

Editor-in-Chief: Gu Xuewen

Text editor: Wang Yi

Author: [Japan] Kokura Tuo

Source: Xinhua News Agency

　　When you go to the hospital, you don’t need to bring your medical insurance card. Just take out your mobile phone and brush the medical insurance electronic certificate, and you can easily scan the code for medical treatment.

　　Recently, the reporter learned from Xiamen Medical Insurance Bureau that at present, 45 first-class and above hospitals and more than 200 outpatient departments in the city have supported the whole process of medical insurance in electronic certificate, and 1,252 designated retail pharmacies have supported medical insurance in electronic certificate to buy medicines. Nearly 2 million insured people have activated medical insurance in electronic certificate, and Xiamen has officially entered the "code" era of no card for medical treatment.

　　Experience the whole process of seeing a doctor, and scan the code easily

　　On the morning of July 14th, Mr. Chen came to Xiamen Hongai Hospital to see a doctor. Different from usual, this time, he did not bring a medical insurance card, and he easily completed the whole process of scanning the code for medical treatment with only one mobile phone.

　　Mr. Chen made an appointment with the director of endocrinology field. Arriving at the endocrinology clinic, in the past, patients needed to take out their medical insurance cards and sign in on the self-service machine; But this time, Mr. Chen only needs to click on his mobile phone to complete the check-in.

　　When he entered the consulting room, there was a small machine on the table. Mr. Chen opened his medical insurance electronic certificate and scanned the code on the machine. Director Tian’s computer immediately showed the information of the medical insurance card with Mr. Chen’s head, which saved the link of inserting the card in the past.

　　Director Tian gave Mr. Chen a checklist and medicines, and all the subsequent links such as cost settlement, examination and medicine collection can be completed only by medical insurance electronic certificate, and the whole process can be scanned without showing a medical insurance card.

　　After a lap of experience, Mr. Chen was very surprised: "The whole process is very convenient and fast. Nowadays, young people generally don’t like to bring all kinds of cards when they go out. With medical insurance electronic certificate, they can replace the function of medical insurance card with only one mobile phone, so they don’t have to worry about forgetting to bring their cards when they see a doctor!"

　　Progress has been covered by most hospitals and outpatient departments.

　　In order to implement Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China’s request to further promote the efficiency and convenience of medical insurance services, accelerate the development of "internet plus Medical Insurance" in Xiamen, improve the quality of medical insurance public services, and solve the "urgent difficulties and worries" of the people in purchasing medicines, since the study and education of Party history was launched this year, the Municipal Medical Insurance Bureau has taken the activation and application of medical insurance electronic certificate in the scene of medical institutions as an important measure of "I do practical things for the people". Last year, on the basis of realizing the designated retail pharmacies to purchase medicines by relying on medical insurance electronic certificate scanning code, medical insurance was promoted at full speed.

　　Lin Feng, a staff member of the Municipal Medical Insurance Center, said that after several months’ efforts, Xiamen has achieved medical treatment in a hospital that supports the whole process of medical treatment services in electronic certificate. Insured patients do not need to carry a medical insurance card or apply for a temporary medical treatment card, but only need to activate the personal exclusive "Medical Insurance electronic certificate", which can complete the whole process of medical treatment services such as information collection, medical treatment, medical insurance settlement, medicine taking, inspection and report taking, and truly realize "one code in hand, medical insurance is worry-free".

　　At present, 45 first-class and above hospitals and more than 200 outpatient departments in the city have supported the whole process of medical insurance in electronic certificate, 1,252 designated retail pharmacies have supported medical insurance in electronic certificate to buy medicines, and nearly 2 million insured people have activated medical insurance in electronic certificate. Xiamen has officially entered the "code" era of no card for medical treatment.

　　However, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University and 39 public primary medical institutions are upgrading their systems, and at present, they do not support the whole process of medical insurance in electronic certificate.

　　The code can also be scanned when the insured person from other places comes to Xiamen for medical treatment.

　　The medical insurance electronic certificate is generated by the national medical insurance information platform, with unified national standards and cross-regional mutual recognition. It is widely used in medical insurance business application scenarios such as medical insurance inquiry, enrollment registration and reimbursement payment. That is to say, foreign insured people who come to Xiamen for medical treatment can also use their medical insurance electronic certificate scan code to see a doctor, without bringing a medical insurance card.

　　The medical insurance department can effectively monitor and trace the information of the insured’s medical treatment and drug purchase behavior by combining the application process records of medical insurance electronic certificate, so as to put an end to illegal behaviors such as card-taking and swiping, and effectively safeguard the safety of medical insurance funds.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Municipal Medical Insurance Bureau said that at present, the whole process of medical treatment based on medical insurance in electronic certificate has been launched in Xiamen, and some medical institutions may have unstable systems and cannot be used normally. I hope the majority of insured people will understand. In the next step, the municipal medical insurance department will strive to achieve full coverage of designated medical institutions in the whole process of medical insurance in electronic certificate, further optimize the system settings, continuously expand the application scenarios of medical insurance in electronic certificate, and provide intimate, warm and comfortable medical insurance services for the insured.

　　In addition, the major designated medical institutions in Xiamen still support the physical card for medical treatment, so as to ensure that the insured who are used to using the physical card can seek medical treatment normally. (Qian Lingling, Shi Wangan, Xia Yibao)

The Great Examination takes real life as the prototype and depicts rich and three-dimensional group images. At the same time, focus on excavating representative "family samples",For the youth education drama into a richer performance content.

Author: Dai Qing (Professor, School of Drama and Film, Communication University of China, Secretary-General of Audio-visual Committee of Chinese Literary Critics Association)

The recent hit TV series "Da Kao" focuses on the college entrance examination in 2020, with a simple and fresh temperament, which attracts people’s attention. On the screen, the teachers, students and parents of No.1 and No.4 Middle Schools in Jinxian County at the beginning of the outbreak came to the audience with a strong flavor of life. This "big test" of life in the play is closely related to candidates, parents, teachers and all walks of life, and it is also a major test faced by individuals, small families, everyone, the country and the nation, which inspires the strong empathy of the off-screen audience.

Blend diverse elements, deepen the content and spiritual implication.

The Great Examination focuses on the early outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020, which is not only the most important story background, but also an important plot event and theme element of the play. The events based on real life, such as epidemic prevention, the work of the medical aid team in Hubei, the construction of telecommunication base stations, and the flood on the eve of the college entrance examination, have integrated richer performance content into the drama about youth education, and made the Great Examination present a broader social vision.

In the play, because of the outbreak of the epidemic, the college entrance examination students in No.1 Middle School and No.4 Middle School in Jinxian County switched to online classes, and network maintenance and construction became the heart of Director Qin and the principals and teachers of Jinxian County Education Bureau. With the efforts of Director Qin and the local telecommunications department, a communication base station was built for Gao Mingyu, a rural student who returned to his hometown, to ensure that he could surf the Internet smoothly in mountainous areas, vividly explaining the persistent adherence of local educators to the educational concept of "No one can be left behind".

On the day of the college entrance examination, the flood broke out, and soldiers, policemen, doctors and teachers devoted themselves to helping the students take the college entrance examination. This big exam is not only a test of social mobilization and organizational action, but also people’s persistence in fairness and temperature. There are also personal, small family and everyone’s true feelings and love.

Secondly, "Da Kao" has taken a "de-elitism" path in terms of performance objects and people. The action scenes of the characters in the play are no longer high-end communities and luxury office buildings in big cities. Students live in collective accommodation or in their own simple old houses, paved houses and unit buildings, which refreshes the "elite" screen imagination created by some previous dramas with similar themes. For the wider ordinary people, it has universal empathy and also reflects the realistic pursuit of the creative team.

Thirdly, The Great Examination has successfully shaped the images of many teachers. In the play, President Shi Aihua and President Wang Benzhong, despite their different educational ideas and personalities, are deeply impressed by their student-oriented educational ideas, highly responsible spirit and deep love for students. Director Qin of the Education Bureau and teacher Li Xiaoxu, the head teacher, are also outstanding, cordial and credible.

In recent years, this kind of drama creation has always been more emphasis on the performance of parent-child relationship and intergenerational conflict, which makes the image of teachers in this kind of works obviously weaker than that of parents and students, especially lacking the image of teachers with a heavy spiritual world, "learning to be teachers and behaving in the world", and even lacking the deep thinking on education and the exploration of the life history of characters from the perspective of teachers. The Great Examination just makes up for this shortcoming with its rich presentation, and the image of the teacher in the play adds a heavy feeling to the work, which effectively deepens the spiritual implication of the drama about youth education.

The independent pursuit of teenagers’ image and the two-way growth between parents and children　

When showing the family status of different students, The Great Examination focuses on excavating representative "family samples", vividly and delicately showing the complicated process of reconciliation and two-way growth of parents and children in different families. Every student in No.1 Middle School and No.4 Middle School in the play has a sense of familiarity and intimacy, and the family conflicts presented in the play are as common and typical as those in most real families.

When the Great Examination focuses on shaping the image of teenagers with outstanding personality, it consciously highlights their independent consciousness and subjective strength. For example, Zhou Bowen, who achieved excellent results, delivered Zhou Bowen’s deterrent to his father who was addicted to games with a simple tapping action. It seems paradoxical that my son is in charge of Laozi, but it is his sense of responsibility to maintain his small family boat to move forward. This power is also more touching in the subsequent "big exam". His attitude towards his father also has a childish side, and the conflict between father and son is more and more interesting, which is also a very glorious passage in the play. It is also the creator’s aesthetic discovery of the specific parent-child relationship in real life that the father changes from deep inertia to a little bit until he completes his self-transformation.　

Another example is that Wu Jiajun, who is controlled by a strong mother, has his own independent pursuit of taking an art test. The stricter his mother’s control, the more intense his resistance, which is also a difficult growth process for him to become independent and pursue his ideals. Tian Wenwen, who lives alone but is always afraid of her parents’ worries about working hard outside, is a good boy who is "sensible too much". High self-discipline and self-repression also need to be channeled and vented. Although Pan Xiaoxuan has an entrepreneur father, he doesn’t have a complete family. He seems to be playful, but he longs for love in his heart. How to strengthen his enthusiasm for learning is his own life experience. Born in a poor family and dependent on his grandfather, Gao Mingyu is filial and sensible, and often seems helpless from time to time because of the hardships of life. He can support him to adhere to the ideal of taking the exam from the deep and cordial love of society, schools, teachers and classmates, and at the same time he has to face the tempering of life and complete his own difficult growth.

The Great Exam does not stop at the college entrance examination for students and the adjustment of family relations. In a national exam with one heart and one mind, the play has further sublimated from the two-way growth between parents and children to the transmission of social love and strong feelings for home and country.

&&TV dramas such as "Courtyard of the County Party Committee" and "Exam" are planned to receive special funds to support them.

Public announcement

&&The General Administration announced 13 key domestic TV animation projects in 2022.

Three animations

&&Xiaogang Chronicle 2: A New Story of Rural Revitalization

What a record

&&Five thousand years, all in poetry and painting.

get awayread newspaper

Statistics is a science about data. All the collected data need to be sorted out and analyzed before a conclusion can be drawn, which is the whole process of statistics using data to solve practical problems. However, you will find that the same data can be analyzed by different methods and different conclusions can be drawn, and different data can also be analyzed by the same method. Such as weather forecast, different forecasting agencies have different forecast results. Moreover, the conclusions drawn from statistical analysis are often uncertain (Uncertainty), because it often describes the opportunity of something happening, which can be measured by probability. For example, the probability of precipitation in the weather forecast, as we all know, if the probability of precipitation is as high as 90%, it is likely to rain. If the probability of precipitation is only 5%, everyone will think that it will hardly rain. But it won’t rain in the actual situation, and we can only know when the predicted day really comes.

Statistics focuses on the quantitative characteristics of a large number of repeatable things. This is because in some fields, some conclusions are difficult to be described with certainty like mathematical formulas or theorems. For example, when parents are taller, most people think that their children will be taller. But when you observe the height of a parent and their children, you will find that some parents who are taller are not tall. Therefore, height has a certain randomness (randomness）。 This randomness may be related to human genes, living environment, acquired diet, living habits and other factors. However, on the whole, the height of children of taller parents tends to be higher, which has long been confirmed by the experimental data of Gao Erdun (1822-1911), a famous British biologist and statistician, in 1855. It is random that a person’s height may be different. But on the whole, the stability of average height shows that there is a law in randomness, which is the statistical law. Therefore, it can be further said that statistics is also a knowledge of finding out statistical laws.

　　Stars and anchors are essentially two circles of people.

　　But no matter who is in the besieged city, the foundation under the city wall is the same.

　　The beautiful scenery of one side means that the autumn wind of the other side is bleak, and now both sides are enduring the pain of grabbing things from their opponents’ bowls.

　　Wen | Ge Yu

　　Source | Zinc Finance (ID: xincaijing)

　　Jin Cuodao (ijincuodao) authorized reprint.

　　A few days ago, Li Jiaqi invited Yang Mi in the live broadcast room, but was sent to a hot search for improper driving, and finally ended up apologizing. But what is better than an apology is the "smell of gunpowder" revealed by both sides during the live broadcast.

　　Yesterday, Wu Yifan, one of the "traffic star representatives", appeared in the live broadcast room of Queen Viya, but it triggered a debate about who brought the traffic of this live broadcast.

　　Online celebrity, who seems to be thriving and extremely harmonious, has been full of gunpowder after sharing a mobile phone screen with the stars.

　　Wu Yifan’s live broadcast in Viya

　　As far as the star is concerned, the time that users originally spent on variety shows and TV dramas on their own platforms was taken away by the live broadcast, and even the remuneration was not as much as that of online celebrity’s commission for a delivery; Online celebrity, on the other hand, longs for the status and face of the so-called star in the circle.

　　One side stands on the opposite side of "fame" and the other side stands on the opposite side of "profit", but at the same time, both sides stand on the same flow Ikenoe. This means that the interests of both sides come from the same source.

　　It is only a matter of time before online celebrity and the stars, from the current "infighting", evolve into a larger "open struggle".

　　one

　　Underneath contempt

　　One is the elder brother with goods, and the other is the eldest sister in the circle who grew up from the "four little Hua Dan" in the entertainment circle. Their first show on the same screen attracted the attention of all circles.

　　In this two-hour live broadcast on Yang Mi platform, what is better than an apology is the smell of gunpowder during the live broadcast.

　　Li Jiaqi told Yang Mi that generally only half an hour was given to other stars, but she was given two hours.

　　In Li Jiaqi’s view, this is to explain her "importance" to Yang Mi, but unexpectedly, she was directly replied by Yang Mi Sanlian: "Why do you look down on them? Who do you despise? They are not important? "

　　Li Jiaqi played an inappropriate joke, and Yang Mi was the face of Estee Lauder.

　　Between this round of dialogue, although both sides are smiling, they have obviously felt the smell of gunpowder. The whole live broadcast came down, and there were many embarrassing points.

　　The reason for this dialogue is that two people are standing in the opposite circle of each other. In the eyes of stars, the anchor may just be a "sales" who can sell things.

　　In fact, what Yang Mi said is not wrong. If it is not a first-line star like Yang Mi and continues to be hot, it is really not so important for Li Jiaqi to invite other stars to bring goods. To put it bluntly, the arrival of the stars after the first line will neither bring me too much extra traffic nor bring out more of my goods.

　　However, Yang Mi, as a representative of the star circle, will not give in when he hears this implication, and he will directly ask three questions during the live broadcast. Judging from the embarrassing circus in Li Jiaqi at that time, the star party represented by Yang Mi gained the upper hand.

　　This also points out another contradiction between the two. The so-called stars have always regarded these online celebrity as "superior"-even if you are more popular and bring goods to make money, you can’t compare with the identity and status of stars.

　　In fact, this is also online celebrity’s unwilling but true psychological state.

　　According to anecdotal reports, Viya, the queen of live broadcast, has also poached people who have been hanging out in the Beijing entertainment circle for a long time. The meaning behind it is self-evident. She wants to enter the entertainment circle at a higher level in the eyes of both stars and online celebrity.

　　Recently, Viya also participated in the recording of "Ace to Ace" in the tenth issue of Zhejiang Satellite TV, and served as a flying guest. But during the performance, there was an embarrassing scene: Guan Xiaotong shouted "Buy it!"! Buy it! " . And this, it is Li Jiaqi’s mantra.

　　Viya participated in the "Ace to Ace" variety recording network.

　　Even the anchors as big as Viya and Li Jiaqi, even if they are "millions a minute", even if they bring a thread of e-commerce economy, even in their own eyes, they are still three points shorter than the stars.

　　2

　　Cann’t let go of the figure

　　However, is it true that stars who look high are not greedy?

　　By no means.

　　I want money, but I still want to save face. But it is a true portrayal of some jealous stars at the moment.

　　Lin Bo, the person in charge of the e-commerce module in the live broadcast cargo belt circle, told Zinc Finance that his team had had contact with Kathy CHAU’s team, once known as "the head of the jade girl".

　　In the understanding of most stars and agents, the live broadcast is just "the introduction of the host and occasionally a few words". Generally speaking, the anchor broadcasts live for at least six hours a day, but Zhou’s agent thinks that "three hours is too long".

　　The broker who emphasized the "price" throughout the whole process finally said that the cooperation was only a test of water, and the effect was not guaranteed, and the price was 250,000 RMB per hour. They also know in their hearts that "if the first show is not satisfactory, there will be no second show", but they still try their best to make quick money at one time.

　　Kathy CHAU Tuyuan Network, the former head of Jade Girl.

　　Lin Bo told Zinc Finance, "The failure of this cooperation lies in the fact that Kathy CHAU’s team refused or dared not let us examine them with the eyes of the anchor with goods, and refused to cooperate with us with the attitude of the anchor with goods."

　　Like Kathy CHAU, even if he wants to try live broadcast, he still holds the mentality of "notice fee".

　　In fact, the stars themselves know exactly how much they can carry goods and how the mass base is. There has always been a chain of contempt between the star and the anchor. If you appear at the price of a star, it is naturally fine, but once you are labeled as an anchor, it is very different.

　　There are many such traffic illusions.

　　A live broadcast in Wong Cho Lam brought goods, the pit fee was 100,000 +30% commission, the viewing volume was 420,000, and the store volume was 60,000. Finally, 66 boxes of 58 yuan/box dry powder were sold; Li Xiang broadcast live for 5 minutes and offered 800,000 yuan. In the end, none of the minks were sold, and only 77 cans of milk powder were sold.

　　Star live selling goods, of course, has its own advantages, and can use its own identity aura to attract everyone’s attention.

　　But if you really want to sell the goods, professional anchors are more reliable-they are familiar with the characteristics of the products, the psychology of the audience, and know how to introduce the products, so that the audience can accept them most easily. Behind this, it is often the accumulation of several years and the perseverance of broadcasting more than 300 games a year.

　　Li Jiaqi and Viya, it’s really not that easy.

　　However, there are not cases without successful transformation in the circle.

　　After the incident of PGone, Li XiaoLu was banned from the whole entertainment circle.

　　Many people regret that she went from being a young and famous actress to being a network anchor after playing a good hand. Live delivery is a piece of fat meat. Recently, after Li XiaoLu started live webcasting delivery, it has reached 47,696,200 sales, which is already the level of the head anchor.

　　Tuyuan Network in Li XiaoLu Live Broadcasting

　　From the beginning to the end, you should have excellent eloquence and strong on-the-spot reaction ability. Li Xiang, who is a host, is also a star who has done well in the live broadcast of stars.

　　Li Xiang has 2.438 million fans since its first live broadcast of Taobao on April 22, 2019. Growth hackers have counted a set of data. In November last year, Li Xiang opened 10 live broadcasts, with a total sales volume of 389,000 and sales of 52.63 million.

　　Also being compared are Sydney, online celebrity and other Taobao live broadcast head anchors. Sydney broadcasts 39 live broadcasts a month, with a sales volume of 1.226 million and sales of 530 million. In Zhang Dayi, there were 42 live broadcasts, with sales of 1.672 million and sales of 610 million.

　　Although there is still a certain distance from the head anchor, it is enough to be regarded as a successful case of "stars going to the sea".

　　Although the stars bring their own large traffic, online celebrity’s ability to bring goods is much stronger than that of the stars in the Taobao live broadcast ecology. After all, the professional Taobao anchor is indeed more professional in selling goods.

　　However, are the stars who establish a cool image and maintain their independent personality in front of the big screen really ready to please fans, be as excited as TV shopping guides, and make frequent golden sentences?

　　With the popularity of e-commerce live broadcast, there is a trend of imitating Li Jiaqi in the field of live broadcast. Think about it carefully, Li Jiaqi is very much like the TV shopping guide Hou Zong, who was once popular in the north and south of the country and was famous for his "eight hearts and eight arrows".

　　In any case, yelling at the top of your lungs in the live broadcast room like chicken blood may really not be suitable for stars.

　　three

　　There will be a war.

　　The entertainment circle is like a fence. The stars inside want to jump out, while online celebrity outside tries to get in.

　　Zinc Finance also elaborated in the article "Fighting for Time: The Secret Unlimited War of the Internet" that the current mobile traffic dividend is exhausted, which is essentially robbing users of screen usage time and attention.

　　Obviously, variety shows, TV dramas with stars as the main force, and live broadcasts with anchors as the two main areas of user attention on the current mobile terminal are essentially opposites. It is impossible for both sides to live in peace in business logic.

　　At the same time, they are coveting each other’s bowls. In the final analysis, it is nothing more than that those who get the name want to benefit, and those who are beneficial want the name.

　　But it is not so easy to cross-circle integration. Although both sides are based on the same flow Ikenoe, the way they grow up is qualitatively different.

　　Most of the so-called stars are packaged by talent shows or brokerage companies. From the beginning, they are displayed in front of fans and the public as a "packaged" image. In other words, what fans think of as "love beans" is probably not what they are.

　　The originator of China talent show "Super Girl" Tuyuan Network

　　This is also the fundamental reason why there will be traffic stars in the entertainment circle, and it will often be revealed that someone has collapsed. Such as the recent events in Show Lo and Qu Chuxiao.

　　On this basis, once the packaging is successful, it is more realized by harvesting the fan economy under the operation of the capital circle of film and television entertainment.

　　Under such a form of operation, it is bound to be impossible for a star to "show his true self" in front of the camera every day like an anchor. On the one hand, they are used to being on top; On the other hand, minutes will explode because of saying the wrong thing.

　　The anchor threshold is relatively low, and even some online celebrity was born at the grassroots level. However, the over-packaging of stars has become their weakness, and negative news has occurred from time to time.

　　For online celebrity, who squeezed into the entertainment circle, she will also fall quickly because of her unworthiness. Online celebrity, such as Li Ge, Yifa Chen and Wen Wan, who were once smash hits, were banned one after another for "gaffes and gaffes".

　　But no matter the people in that besieged city, the foundation under the wall is the same. The beautiful scenery of one side represents the bleak autumn wind of the other side.

　　Now, both sides are enduring pains and reaching for the things in each other’s bowls. However, it is only a matter of time before the food is so little.

　　(At the request of the interviewer, Lin Bo in the text is a pseudonym.)

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: Jin Cuodao. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

　　● The platform "playing method" for issuing digital collections is similar: the ways to obtain digital collections include pre-sale, auction, lottery, blind box opening, synthesis, new user registration, etc. Users can snap up for a few yuan to several hundred yuan, and the sale becomes the norm.

　　● As an innovative application of blockchain technology, digital collections have positive significance for spreading excellent culture. However, due to its short appearance in China, the identification and supervision standards have not yet been established, resulting in chaos. In order to prevent the digital collection market from continuing to "run wild" with problems, benign supervision and industry regulation should be established in time to make technology better serve the art.

　　● Before purchasing digital collections, consumers should know whether the copyright owner of the works authorizes the platform to make digital collections for distribution and limited sales, choose a regular platform to purchase them, do not click on the links of unfamiliar websites sent by the other party at will, and do not authorize them at will. They should regularly check and clean up the authorized contracts, and keep the private key safe from external disclosure to ensure the safety of assets.

　　□ Rule of Law Daily reporter Han Dandong

　　□ Fan Xiaoya, Intern of Rule of Law Daily

　　"The cost price is 0.99 yuan, and it is sold in 400 yuan" and "you can earn it when you buy it" … … Recently, digital collections that are "visible and intangible" have been popular.

　　Digital collection refers to the unique digital voucher generated by using blockchain technology corresponding to specific works and artworks, and realizes authentic digital distribution, purchase, collection and use on the basis of protecting its digital copyright.

　　According to the recent incomplete statistics of the reporter of Rule of Law Daily, there are more than 100 platforms for distributing digital collections in China, and the "playing methods" of these platforms are similar: the ways to obtain digital collections include pre-sale, auction, lottery, blind box opening, synthesis, and new user registration, etc. Users can buy them at a cost of several yuan to several hundred yuan, and it is normal to sell them.

　　Behind the popularity of digital collections, complaints have continued: up to now, there have been more than 2,500 complaints about "digital collections" on the black cat complaint platform alone. Consumer complaints mainly focus on the platform suspected of speculation and price gouging; Merchants falsely deliver goods without refund; Data loss, theft of purchased collections, etc.

　　Many industry experts interviewed by reporters pointed out that digital collections, as an innovative application of blockchain technology, have positive significance for spreading excellent culture. However, due to their short appearance in China, the identification and supervision standards have not yet been established, leading to chaos. In order to prevent the digital collection market from continuing to "run wild" with problems, benign supervision and industry regulation should be established in time to make technology better serve the art.

　　The price is over 100 times.

　　Collection trading routine is not shallow.

　　Mr. Li, from Langfang, Hebei Province, tested the water digital collection. He bought a portrait of a girl in the early Tang Dynasty for 0.99 yuan on an App, and then sold it in 400 yuan. After deducting the handling fee, the platform actually received the payment from 350 yuan.

　　The profit made Mr. Li taste the sweetness. Then, he spent 6499 yuan to snap up the collection of "Mei Lanfang’s Mulan Joining the Army" digital vinyl records, and sold it on the platform at 6999 yuan, while the original price of the album was 199 yuan. Soon, the platform showed that someone had taken the order, but it had not been paid. After the payment time was exceeded, Mr. Li wanted to take the goods off the shelf and sell them again when they were hot. As a result, the platform locked the order. As a result, he could not take the collection off the shelf, nor could he put it on the shelf to trade again, and the lock time was as long as 24 hours. After it was unlocked the next day, the market price of the collection dropped to about 4,000 yuan, and then dropped to 1,999 yuan a week later.

　　Mr. Li filed a lawsuit against the company affiliated to the platform, hoping that the other party could return the goods for a refund. Company staff replied: all losses were caused by Mr. Li’s improper operation, and the company will not bear any responsibility.

　　After this incident, Mr. Li found that this is a common routine of the platform: first, attract users with low-priced collections, and then raise the prices of some collections with low actual prices. When users spend a lot of money to buy and resell, the order is locked for a long time and cannot be successfully traded. After this heat, the price of the collection will continue to fall, and the user will bear the loss. The platform will draw more than 10% of the fee when the price of the collection is the highest, so as to earn the handling fee.

　　In the view of Wang Zhenhua, head of the legal working group of Shanghai Blockchain Technology Research Center, the trading platform of digital collections, as a network service provider, has no right to restrict users’ use of network services without authorization, and has no right to freeze users’ virtual property without authorization, thus causing losses to consumers, and should be liable for compensation according to law.

　　"If the platform locks the order to restrict the transaction, whether it constitutes infringement shall be subject to the specific operation content and the rights and obligations clearly stipulated in the agreement signed by both parties." Wang Zhenhua said.

　　He added that if the trading platform of digital collections speculates on commodities in its operation, it is suspected of violating the relevant provisions of the price law: if operators collude with each other to manipulate market prices, it will harm the legitimate rights and interests of other operators or consumers; Whoever fabricates and disseminates information about price increases, drives up prices and pushes commodity prices up too high will be fined according to law, and if his behavior is serious, it may also constitute the crime of illegal business operation.

　　Merchants circle money to play "missing"

　　It is too difficult for consumers to defend their rights.

　　Unlike Mr. Li, Mr. Zhang from Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province bought a fake on the platform. Not long ago, he bought a digital collection through a WeChat official account for 276 yuan. As a result, the pictures he received didn’t have any transaction logo and work logo, but regular digital collections would have a unique logo.

　　He contacted the platform to reflect the situation. As a result, he did not contact the merchant until the system automatically confirmed the receipt. The platform finally gave a reply: the online store has been frozen and there is no balance available, and the platform does not assume any responsibility.

　　Mr. Zhang, who suffered from YaBaKui, later discovered that there were still many people who were cheated like him. They built a social group with more than 2,000 members. "Everyone in the group was cheated for several hundred yuan."

　　Mr. Wang from Baoding, Hebei Province is one of them. He learned about the relevant digital collections through the internal air-drop activity of "Dayu Digital Collection" in WeChat official account, and spent 110 yuan to buy two digital collections, but the two pictures he received were without any logo. Mr. Wang contacted the platform, and the other party replied: Due to the special nature of digital collections, the after-sales authority of orders is all in the merchants.

　　However, the merchants who provide Mr. Wang with digital collections can’t be contacted at all.

　　After paying attention to the "Dayu Digital Collection" WeChat official account, the reporter clicked on the link of the official store in WeChat official account, and the blank page was displayed. Click on the purchase through the H5 link, indicating that the collection has been removed. The reporter browsed the relevant collection information and found that the sales of several previously popular collections were around two or three thousand.

　　According to members of social groups, the platform has been rectified at the request of relevant departments and no longer provides digital collection sales services.

　　In Wang Zhenhua’s view, the pictures sent by merchants don’t have any transaction logos and works logos, which obviously don’t conform to the appearance of formal digital collections and don’t belong to real digital collections. The online shop selling false digital collections is suspected of violating the law and should bear corresponding responsibilities. If the circumstances involved are serious, it may also constitute a criminal offence.

　　Wang Zhenhua believes that according to the e-commerce law, when there is a dispute between consumers and operators in the platform, the platform has the obligation to assist consumers to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. According to the Consumer Protection Law, if consumers buy goods or receive services through online trading platforms and their legitimate rights and interests are damaged, they can claim compensation from sellers or service providers. In addition, the platform failed to fulfill its qualification audit obligations or was imposed administrative punishment by the market supervision department.

　　Collection transaction implies risks.

　　Beware of intellectual property infringement

　　In addition to driving up prices and false delivery, there are also many hidden dangers in the transaction security of digital collection platforms.

　　Ms. Wen, from Guigang, Guangxi, bought a digital collection by recharging 80 yuan with an App. As a result, she found that the purchased goods were not displayed in her personal account, and there was no purchase record, which was suspected to have been completely cleared by the system. The next day, Ms. Wen contacted customer service for a refund until the third day.

　　Ms. Wen is still lucky to get a successful refund. According to her understanding, many people have encountered similar problems with her. "The money was swallowed, the customer service did not handle it, and no compensation was received from the platform." The explanation given by the platform is: "The platform database has suffered a lot of malicious attacks, and criminals have falsely purchased and stolen players’ collections, resulting in abnormal data. For the losses caused, the platform will give each player a compensation. "

　　In April this year, an artist posted on social media that the digital collection of paintings of ape heads that he had previously received was stolen by phishing websites. After that, on the foreign NFT trading platform, the avatar was changed hands with 130 Ethereum and 155 Ethereum virtual coins in about one hour.

　　At the same time, the risk of intellectual property infringement is gradually emerging. On May 28th, Xu Beihong Art Museum issued a statement stating that it was concerned that some digital platforms sold related digital collections for gimmicks in the name of Mr. Xu Beihong. Some of the original works of these digital collections were counterfeit, some could not provide complete traceability evidence, and some works had nothing to do with Mr. Xu Beihong at all.

　　The reporter found in a digital collection App that the platform distinguishes between the copyright market and the derivative market, and informed in the "Notice of Rights and Interests" that the purchase of works in the copyright market will obtain other copyrights of the digital artwork except personal rights (including reproduction rights and distribution rights, etc.); If you buy derivative works, you will have the right to possess, use and dispose of the digital works of art. Special note: If you are interested in commercial license and authorization of this digital artwork, it is suggested that you enter into a written Copyright Transfer Agreement with the copyright owner and register the copyright transfer.

　　Wang Zhenhua said that the platform is "specially prompted" because the copyright of digital works of art belongs to the copyright owner, and the buyer who buys digital works of art through the information network only enjoys the limited right to use the digital works of art, such as collection, study, research and appreciation, etc. If the buyer uses it beyond his own rights, it will easily infringe on the intellectual property rights of the obligee. Therefore, if consumers need to use digital works of art for other commercial purposes other than the agreed content, they need to sign a written agreement with the copyright owner and register them.

　　Zhao Shujie, a partner of Beijing Tianda Gonghe Law Firm, believes that domestic digital collections mainly make digital or physical collections into blockchain digital collections for limited sale, so the risks of domestic digital collections are more reflected in the intellectual property risks in the production and trading links. Without the consent of the copyright owner, the second creation and sale of digital collections may infringe the rights of the copyright owner. If an investor buys an infringing digital collection, it is not illegal to buy it, but through traceable transaction records, it can be shown that the purchased digital collection belongs to infringing works, and investors or consumers will suffer economic losses.

　　Therefore, Zhao Shujie suggested that investors should check whether the seller enjoys the copyright before purchasing the digital collection, including the copyright registration certificate, the certificate issued by the copyright certification body and other legal rights certificates of the digital collection. At the same time, the digital collection trading platform should also play the main responsibility of the platform, take the initiative to fulfill the platform enterprise review obligations, and protect the legitimate rights of the right holders.

　　Establish a correct concept of consumption

　　Choose the trading platform carefully

　　"Buying digital collections has potential technical risks and economic risks." Zhu Jie, a senior partner of Taihetai Law Firm, said that on the one hand, the seller used the blockchain technology that consumers did not understand to defraud consumers of their property; On the other hand, digital collections are traded through smart contracts. Hackers may steal users’ digital collections through hacking techniques, or induce users to authorize a smart contract through phishing websites, and then steal digital collections from users’ wallets through smart contracts.

　　Then, from the consumer’s point of view, how to maintain the safety of their own property when trading digital collections?

　　Zhu Jie suggested that before purchasing digital collections, consumers should know whether the copyright owner of the works authorizes the platform to make digital collections for distribution and limited sales, choose a regular platform to purchase them, do not click on unfamiliar website links sent by the other party at will, and do not authorize them at will. They should regularly check and clean up the authorized contracts, and keep the private key safe from being leaked to ensure the safety of assets.

　　Wang Zhenhua said that consumers must first understand that digital collections should not have any financial value, and do not try to gain short-term benefits by speculating digital collections; When choosing a digital collection platform, we should choose a platform with corresponding qualifications, strength, full positive market influence and credibility, and a stable user base. Such platforms should be information technology enterprises registered and recognized by the National Network Information Office.

　　"We should also pay attention to the platform agreement and transaction mode, whether the platform agreement is formal, whether the prompt obligation of key terms is strictly fulfilled, whether the transaction mode provided by the platform is legal, and whether the transaction records will be completely preserved and displayed; Whether the issuer has the corresponding administrative licensing qualifications such as network and cultural operation, and whether there are any infringements or illegal acts in the collections issued in the past. " Wang Zhenhua warned.

　　Comics/Gao Yue　　

The National Bureau of Statistics recently released economic data for October. In terms of consumption, the total retail sales of social consumer goods in October was 4,027.10 billion yuan, down 0.5% year-on-year; Cumulatively, from January to October, it increased by 0.6% year-on-year, which was 0.1 percentage point slower than last month. The consumption situation in October showed that the market demand was insufficient, and more offline consumption turned to online. According to Wind’s data, nearly two-thirds of the sample cities (the sample is 29 cities that continue to count subway passenger traffic in Wind database) have a decrease in the average number of daily trips in October compared with September; At the same time, the e-commerce "Double Eleven" activity was launched in the same month. In October, the retail sales of online goods and services increased by 4.9% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 0.9 percentage points faster than that of the previous month. The cumulative online retail sales of physical goods accounted for 26.2% of the total retail sales of consumer goods, the highest in recent years. On the whole, however, the current market consumption willingness is still insufficient, which is also reflected in the negative short-term RMB loans added by residents and enterprises (institutions) in that month (-51.200 billion yuan and-184.300 billion yuan respectively).

Liu Jialiang, a native of Guangzhou, can’t live without the word "martial arts" all his life. He and his father are both martial arts people, and their martial arts are well-known, and they have inherited the pulse of Huang Feihong. Here in Liu Jialiang, he is based on kung fu movies with extraordinary skill. On his way to success, Zhang Che is undoubtedly one of his nobles. When Zhang Che filmed "Three Heroes in Border Town" in his early years, Liu Jialiang was still working in Shaw. Due to the lack of good martial arts actors, Zhang Che at that time took a fancy to Liu Jialiang and others who were helping Teng Hung Hsu shoot new martial arts, which started the vigorous development of Liu Jialiang’s martial arts career.

The cooperation between Zhang Che and Liu Jialiang was exceptionally smooth at first, and classic works such as One-armed Knife were produced. Zhang Che completely gave the martial arts play to Liu Jialiang, and this trust and affirmation continued until the Taiwan Province studio. At this time, Liu Jialiang had the idea of directing his own film, and he had a conflict with Zhang Che and parted ways from now on. Since then, Liu Jialiang has re-entered Shaw and cooperated with Ni Kuang.

Later, under the direction of Liu Jialiang, the elements of comedy were developed from the pure drama in the past, from the budding application in "God Strike" to the series of "Drunken Boxing", which was completely popular in China. Liu Jialiang also took the opportunity to integrate his real martial arts style into his works. From the films such as Thirty-six Rooms of Shaolin, Master of Shaolin Tent, and Bagua Stick of Five Lang, it is not difficult to see that the realistic fighting pictures occupy a large space of the film, and one of the tricks and styles is extremely clear, as if it happened in front of people, which thoroughly analyzes the essence of martial arts to the audience and spares no effort to share martial arts books with the audience.

It is Liu Jialiang’s spirit of dedicating his martial arts to the big screen that makes him achieve great success in the field of kung fu movies. Even after the new millennium and Shaw’s suspension of production, he has always stood firm in the ever-changing entertainment circle.

However, Liu Jialiang, who is pragmatic and realistic in martial arts, is not always smooth sailing. He and Jackie Chan fell out in drunken master 2. Their discussion of drama is totally different. Liu Jialiang insists on a down-to-earth style, but in Jackie Chan’s view, he ignores artistic vision. Jackie Chan resolutely carried out his juggling style in the important shooting parts of the film, such as the ending and Lu Huiguang’s fighting, and overthrew all the completed action scenes planned by Liu Jialiang and filmed them again. In this way, the two naturally fell out completely.

In addition to Jackie Chan, Liu Jialiang and Jet Li also had a bad time. And this incident has deep geographical reasons. At that time, Hong Kong people looked down on mainlanders, and this discrimination broke out obviously when the two places cooperated for the first time with the Shaolin theme work "North and South Shaolin". Being in it, Jet Li was very angry and vowed never to cooperate with Liu Jialiang.

In Jet Li’s view, when co-producing "North and South Shaolin", the treatment of mainlanders and Hong Kong people in the crew was too far off the mark. Hong Kong people do less work but earn more. They earn hundreds of thousands of dollars every month, but they can get tens of dollars a day when they sleep on the ground, while mainlanders get a few dollars only when they are busy for a day. In this case, they will not have a sense of protest, so it is strange that they can still work normally.

What really touched the bottom line of Jet Li was a shooting of sunrise. Anyone who has taken part in filming knows that sunrise and sunset are the same, and the light changes very quickly, and every second counts, so it is extremely difficult to shoot, so the crew started work on the spot a few hours before sunrise. So when Jet Li and his party were informed by Li Jialiang that they would be on standby at 2 a.m. and had to wear headgear in advance, they didn’t feel strange, but they waited all night, but they didn’t see Li Jialiang. When the sun was shining, Li Jialiang came, and he just said airily that he couldn’t shoot, so he wouldn’t shoot. Jet Li was furious. This was obviously playing with them, and he never wanted to cooperate with Li Jialiang.

Therefore, it can be seen from the film that Jet Li’s boldness and ferocity revealed in the paper-making section seems to be venting his dissatisfaction to the crew. Although these grievances have really happened, they can’t hide Liu Jialiang’s great achievements in China Kung Fu films.

In Tsui Hark’s films, Liu Jialiang also played an important role. Although they had great differences when they partnered with Tsui Hark in the early days, Liu Jialiang’s fighting style as always was incompatible with Tsui Hark’s. Tsui Hark advocated ethereal art and paid attention to visual beauty, so he abandoned Liu Jialiang and used Yuan Heping. However, when they got back together in Seven Swords, Tsui Hark made Liu Jialiang play a realistic fighting design thoroughly in the film, which made people see that kind of realistic and exciting close combat in Seven Swords.

Liu Jialiang has been in the business for several decades, insisting on his original intention and never forgetting his original intention. He has carried the traditional and real martial arts through to the end and truly carried forward China’s martial arts, which is really worthy of our respect. Liu Jialiang passed away in the middle of 13th year. His life was wonderful, bumpy, brilliant and bitter, but in any case, as a master of China Wushu, he is always worth remembering.

Editor in charge: