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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the prevalence rate of men over 70 years old is nearly 50%

Recent studies have found that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the significant factors that affect the death of patients in COVID-19. Among the dead people in COVID-19, the proportion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is 6%, but only 1% among the surviving people. In addition, although patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may not be more likely to be infected with Covid-19, they are more likely to die when they are infected.

What is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema characterized by airflow obstruction, which can further develop into chronic diseases of cor pulmonale and respiratory failure. Different from common chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is often not well known.

1. The prevalence rate of COPD in men over 70 years old is nearly 50%, and the difference between male and female is nearly 1 time.

According to the latest China Lung Health Survey (CPH2018), among 50,991 people surveyed from June 2012 to May 2015, the prevalence rate of COPD was 8.6%. Based on this, it is estimated that about 99,900 million people in Chinese suffer from COPD. The prevalence rate of COPD increases with age. The prevalence rate of people over 40 years old is significantly higher than that of people aged 20-39. The prevalence rate of COPD in men over 70 years old is nearly 50%. At the same time, the prevalence rate of men in all age groups is higher than that of women, and the prevalence rate of men over 30 years old is more than twice that of women.

　

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Figure 1: Prevalence of COPD in different gender and age groups.

2. Smoking is the main risk factor, and air pollution is the main risk factor for non-smokers to get sick.

CPH2018 also made a statistical analysis of possible risk factors of COPD, including smoking, air quality, BMI, family history, education, etc. The results showed that smoking, air pollution, low BMI and parents’ history of respiratory diseases were all risk factors of COPD, among which smoking and air pollution were the main risk factors.

　

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　Figure 2: odds ratio (OR) of 2：COPD risk factors

Note: odds ratio (OR, Odds ratio) is the ratio of the exposed and unexposed people in the case group divided by the ratio of the exposed and unexposed people in the control group. Greater than 1 indicates that this factor is a risk factor, less than 1 indicates that this factor is a protective factor, and equal to 1 indicates that this factor does not work.

The analysis also shows that smoking history has a significant impact on the overall prevalence of COPD, and the prevalence of COPD increases with the increase of smoking years. Air pollution has no significant effect on the prevalence of COPD in the whole population, but it has a significant effect on non-smoking groups. The more serious air pollution is, the higher the prevalence of COPD is.

　 　 　 　 　 　 Figure 3: Smoking history and COPD prevalence Figure 4: Smoking years and COPD prevalence.

　

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　Figure 5: Air quality and COPD prevalence rate

The Prospective Research Project of Chronic Diseases in China also published a survey of 280,000 non-smoking adults in China in 2019. The results show that using solid fuel is an important risk factor for major respiratory diseases, and switching to clean fuel such as natural gas can reduce the risk. Because chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to the concentration of sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, people who are engaged in jobs with dust environment, such as teachers and coal miners, are also prone to COPD.

3. The prevalence rate of people over 40 years old is different in different regions, with the highest in southwest China (20.2%) and the lowest in central China (10.2%).

The research conducted by China Center for Disease Control and Prevention on 66,752 people in 2014-2015 found that the prevalence rate of COPD over 40 years old also showed obvious differences in different regions, with the highest prevalence rate in southwest China (20.2%) and the lowest in central China (10.2%).

　

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Figure 6: Prevalence rate of COPD among people over 40 years old in different regions.

4. Up to 56% of COPD patients may have cognitive impairment.

A large number of neuropsychological tests suggest that up to 56% patients may have cognitive impairment. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (GOLD)2021 also pointed out that cognitive impairment is common in COPD patients, and the prevalence and severity vary according to the evaluation type, with an average prevalence of about 32%. Moreover, cognitive impairment will aggravate the health problems of COPD patients. Compared with patients with single disease, patients with cognitive impairment and COPD have a higher respiratory-related hospitalization rate of 48% and a higher mortality rate of 3 times. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to help patients with complications to carry out effective self-management.

In addition, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, depression/anxiety are also common and important complications of COPD.

5. The mortality rate of COPD has decreased obviously year by year, but it is still high compared with other developed countries.

The mortality rate of COPD in China decreased from 99/100,000 in 1990 to 68/100,000 in 2017, and the mortality rate of standardized age decreased by 68.6%. Although the mortality rate in China is decreasing year by year, it is still at a high level compared with other developed countries (see the figure below).

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　Figure 7: Mortality rate of male COPD patients aged 50-74 in countries around the world.

　

6. The diagnosis rate is lower than 30%, and the proportion of hospitalization is lower than that of outpatient treatment.

The diagnostic rate of COPD in China is between 23.61% and 30.00%, which shows that the diagnostic rate of COPD in China is low and the missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis are serious. On the one hand, COPD is asymptomatic in the early stage. In epidemiological screening, more than 70% of patients (I~II stage) have little or no symptoms, and even if they have symptoms, they just cough and expectoration, which has not attracted the attention of patients. On the other hand, due to the cost of examination and technical operation, lung function examination, as a gold standard for the diagnosis of COPD, has not been popularized in many hospitals (especially in primary hospitals), resulting in many patients not being diagnosed with COPD in time and delaying treatment.

　 　 　 　 　 　 　Table 1: COPD pulmonary function staging (GOLD staging) [After inhaling bronchodilator]

In addition, the diagnosis and treatment of COPD in China is also more severe. The conventional treatment rate of COPD patients is only 7.9%, and 84% of patients with stage ⅱ and above have not received treatment. The proportion of COPD patients receiving outpatient treatment is about 50%, while the proportion receiving hospitalization is only between 8.78% and 35.60%.

7. The average medical expenses of COPD ranged from 5,000 yuan to 16,000 yuan.

At present, no scholars have studied the medical expenses of COPD patients nationwide, and most of the research on COPD expenses is limited to local or regional areas.

A study on the medical expenses of COPD patients in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province found that from October 2012 to October 2013, the hospitalization expenses of male patients and female patients are shown in the following table. Among them, the average total hospitalization expense for men is 16,000 yuan, while that for women is 14,500 yuan, and only about 30% is borne by individuals.

　

　

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Table 2: Hospitalization expenses of COPD patients in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province

In recent years, because the prevalence rate in southwest China is higher than that in other regions, many scholars have begun to choose southwest China to study the treatment cost of COPD patients. The following table is part of the research results, from which we can find that the overall cost of the western region is low, and the average hospitalization cost does not exceed 10 thousand yuan. In addition, according to the survey data of Sichuan province, the cost of western medicine accounts for the highest proportion, accounting for 38.32%, followed by the cost of diagnosis, accounting for 24.41%.

　

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　Table 3: Hospitalization expenses of COPD patients in western China　

8. About 58% of commonly used drugs for COPD have been included in the medical insurance catalogue.

COPD can be divided into stable stage and acute exacerbation stage according to the progress of the disease course. In the stable stage, the symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath are stable or mild, while in the acute exacerbation stage, the respiratory symptoms that lead to additional treatment are seriously aggravated, and the patients’ cough and wheezing are aggravated, or may be accompanied by fever and other inflammatory manifestations. Drug therapy is a common treatment for COPD. GOLD2021 edition points out that drug therapy can alleviate COPD symptoms and reduce the frequency and severity of acute exacerbation. At present, there are data showing that drug therapy can reduce mortality. It is worth noting that COPD patients need to take drugs for a long time, mainly inhaled drugs, supplemented by oral drugs. With the progress of COPD, the therapeutic drugs and management methods used have been adjusted.

References:

　[1] China Pulmonary Health Study Group. Prevalence and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China (the China Pulmonary Health [CPH] study): a national cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2018 Apr 28; 391(10131):1706-1717. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30841-9. Epub 2018 Apr 9. PMID: 29650248.

[2] Li G, Liu Y, Jing X, et al. Mortality risk of COVID-19 in elderly males with comorbidities: a multi-country study. Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Dec 31; 13(1):27-60. doi: 10.18632/aging.202456. Epub 2020 Dec 31. PMID: 33472167.

[3] Zhu B, Wang Y, Ming J, et al. Disease burden of COPD in China: a systematic review. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018 Apr 27;13:1353-1364. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S161555. PMID: 29731623; PMCID: PMC5927339.

[4] GBD 2016 Causes of Death Collaborators Global, regional, and national age-sex specific mortality for 264 causes of death, 1980–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2017;390:1151–1210.

[5] Zhou M, Wang H, Zeng X, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and risk factors in China and its provinces, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2019 Sep 28; 394(10204):1145-1158. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30427-1. Epub 2019 Jun 24. Erratum in: Lancet. 2020 Jul 4; 396(10243):26. PMID: 31248666; PMCID: PMC6891889.

[6] Chan K H , Kurmi O P , Bennett D A , et al. Solid Fuel Use and Risks of Respiratory Diseases: A Cohort Study of 280, 000 Chinese Never-Smokers[J]. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 2019, 199.

[7] Lowe KE, Regan EA, Crapo JD, et al. COPDGene? 2019: Redefining the Diagnosis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis. 2019 Nov; 6(5):384-399. doi: 10.15326/jcopdf.6.5.2019.0149. PMID: 31710793; PMCID: PMC7020846.

Shi Bijun, Zhang Tao, Cui Jun, Wang Yong, AARON Li. Analysis of direct economic burden of 803 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Ningbo community, Zhejiang province [J]. Disease surveillance, 2015,30(4):300-304.

Zhao Hanqing, Li Xinyi, Tank Tan, et al. Analysis of hospitalization expenses of patients with chronic obstructive pneumonia in Sichuan Province [J]. Health Soft Science, 2020, v.34; No.292(05):57-62.

[10] Wang Lianhong, Luo Qian, Zhang Li. Analysis of disease cost of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Zunyi area in 2014 [J]. Guizhou Medicine, 2015, 000(011):1048-1049.

[11] Yu Juan. Analysis of hospitalization expenses and influencing factors of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Lanzhou urban hospital [D]. Lanzhou: Lanzhou University, 2018.

[12] Zhong Nanshan. Research progress on prevention and treatment of chronic airway diseases in 2017 [J]. West China Medicine, 2018,33(01):1-7.

China Consumers Association sorts out the five ＂pit avoidance＂ guides to remind consumers to look more and ask more questions before buying a house.

　　According to the statistics of complaints received by the National Consumers Association, in the third quarter of 2021, the National Consumers Association accepted a total of 258,232 consumer complaints, up 17.43% year-on-year, and solved 199,611 complaints, with a complaint resolution rate of 77.30%, saving consumers 335.14 million yuan. Among them, there were 2,929 complaints of double compensation due to fraudulent behavior of operators, and the amount of double compensation was 1.66 million yuan. Received 130,000 visits and consultations from consumers.

　　First, the basic situation of complaints

　　(A) the nature of the complaint analysis

　　According to the nature of the complaint (as shown in Figure 1), after-sales service problems account for 30.80%, contract problems account for 25.37%, quality problems account for 20.68%, false propaganda problems account for 5.31%, price problems account for 4.24%, safety problems account for 3.53%, counterfeiting problems account for 1.82%, personal dignity problems account for 0.92% and measurement problems account for 0.76%.

Figure 1 Proportion Chart of Complaint Nature (%)

　　Figure 1 Proportion Chart of Complaint Nature (%)

Table 1 Classification of Complaints by Nature

　　Table 1 Classification of Complaints by Nature

　　(B) Category analysis of goods and services

　　Among all the complaints, there were 112,684 complaints about commodities, accounting for 43.64% of the total complaints, 136,665 complaints about services, accounting for 52.92% of the total complaints, and 8,883 complaints about other types, accounting for 3.44% of the total complaints.

　　According to the complaint data of commodity categories in the third quarter of 2021 (as shown in Figure 2 and Table 2), the complaints of household electronic appliances, daily commodities, food, clothing, shoes and hats and transportation are in the top five.

Fig. 2 Complaint volume chart of commodity categories (unit: pieces)

　　Fig. 2 Complaint volume chart of commodity categories (unit: pieces)

Table 2 Table 2 Changes of Complaints in Commodity Categories

　　Table 2 Table 2 Changes of Complaints in Commodity Categories

　　According to the complaint data of service categories in the third quarter of 2021 (as shown in Figure 3 and Table 3), life and social services, Internet services, education and training services, cultural entertainment and sports services and public facilities services rank among the top five in service complaints.

Fig. 3 Complaint Volume of Service Category (unit: pieces)

　　Fig. 3 Complaint Volume of Service Category (unit: pieces)

Table 3 Table 3 Changes of Service Complaints

　　Table 3 Table 3 Changes of Service Complaints

　　(C) Analysis of changes in complaints about goods and services

　　Among specific commodity complaints, the top five complaints are (as shown in Figure 4): food, automobiles and parts, clothing, communication products and shoes.

Figure 4 Top Ten Complaints in Commodity Segmentation (Unit: Pieces)

　　Figure 4 Top Ten Complaints in Commodity Segmentation (Unit: Pieces)

　　Among the specific service complaints, the top five complaints are (as shown in Figure 5) training service, commercial Internet service, network access service, catering service and fitness service. Due to the broken capital chain of some training institutions, the misappropriation of training fees and the inability to guarantee teachers, related complaints have increased, and many of them are group complaints, which are difficult to solve.

Figure 5 Top Ten Complaints in Service Subdivision (Unit: Pieces)

　　Figure 5 Top Ten Complaints in Service Subdivision (Unit: Pieces)

　　II. Special Report on Commercial Housing Complaints

　　Housing demand is one of the most important consumption needs of ordinary people, and it is usually the biggest consumption in a single expenditure. Ordinary consumers are less frequent in commercial housing transactions, lack of relevant knowledge, and real estate transactions are related to many industries such as finance, which complicates the transaction of commercial housing. Consumers often have consumption disputes while realizing their housing needs through buying and selling commercial housing.

　　(A) the quality of housing, hidden mystery hard to prevent.

　　In terms of housing quality,The main problems complained by consumers are: first, the poor quality of the house, cracks in the wall and ceiling, sinking of the foundation, water leakage from the roof, and blocked pipeline leakage; Second, there are hidden mysteries in finely decorated rooms, such as false materials, high-end publicity, low-standard configuration, rough technology and poor quality; The third is to cut corners in concealed works and use inferior materials; Fourth, the layout of hydropower pipelines is not standardized, and unqualified and inferior materials are used.The quality of projects in the same residential area is similar, and it is easy to cause group complaints when there are quality problems; Fifth, the house has quality problems and is not maintained in time or the maintenance quality is poor.

　　For example, in 2020, Ms. Zhang purchased a commercial house in Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong Province, and the developer promised to deliver the house in July 2021 at the latest. In June, 2021, the developer notified the delivery of the house. However, during the house inspection, Ms. Zhang found that the steel bar at the top of the kitchen of the house was leaking, the waterproof layer of the bathroom was not laid, and the height of the house did not meet the contract. She asked the developer to make rectification, but the developer always ignored it. After receiving the complaint, Qingdao Consumer Rights Protection Committee contacted the person in charge of the developer for investigation and verification. The person in charge said that the problem reflected by Ms. Zhang was true, and she would actively negotiate with Ms. Zhang in the later stage to properly handle the rectification plan proposed by Ms. Zhang.

　　For another example, in August 2021, Mr. Jiang complained to the Committee of Shanghai Consumer Rights Protection Committee, and he bought a finely decorated house, which was accepted at the end of October 2020. Shortly after check-in, it was found that the walls of many rooms were moldy and seeping, the wallpaper fell off in a large area, and the ceiling was cracked, which was reported to the developer many times. The other party sent a construction team to repair them at home. Because of the use of inferior and smelly wallpaper, the problem of wall seepage and mildew was never solved, which brought great troubles to consumers’ normal life. Mr. Jiang believes that the developer’s construction quality is poor and requires a thorough solution to the problem. Developers insist that these are normal phenomena, not construction quality problems. Experts from Shanghai Consumer Protection Committee and Jiezhuang Office visited the site. After testing, it was found that the wall fell off to varying degrees and water seepage was caused by improper handling at the grassroots level. The developer should bear the maintenance responsibility and compensate the consumers for the losses caused by the construction quality. On September 8, 2021, after on-site mediation, the two parties reached a settlement, and the developer compensated the consumer for 20,000 yuan in cash at one time, which was repaired by the consumer.

　　For another example, on September 6, 2020, more than 60 owners of a Hong Kong-branded building in Guangzhou collectively reported to the Guangzhou Consumer Council that there was a serious rust problem in the water pipes of the newly acquired building in the community. Corrosion of water pipes will affect the safety of water use and greatly shorten the normal service life of water pipes, which will pose a hidden danger to the quality of houses. Some owners hired people to replace the indoor water pipes themselves, but found that they failed to dig the main water pipes according to the indoor water supply and drainage layout diagram provided by the developer. Owners have repeatedly negotiated with developers through the property, questioning the quality of the project, demanding to provide household acceptance forms, water pipe material inspection reports and concealed engineering acceptance and other relevant documents, and replacing rusty water pipes. Developers have not responded positively, but only authorized property companies to explain that water pipe rust is a normal physical phenomenon. After the Guangzhou Consumer Council intervened in the mediation, it adopted the methods of enterprise interviews and media exposure to promote it layer by layer, and urged the developers to respond and deal with it. On March 26, 2021, the two sides reached a settlement.

　　[Opinions of Consumers Association]

　　Article 10 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Applicable Legal Issues in the Trial of Disputes over Commercial Housing Sales Contracts stipulates: "If the buyer requests to terminate the contract and compensate for the losses due to the serious impact of housing quality problems, it shall be supported. The house delivered for use has quality problems, and within the warranty period, the seller shall bear the responsibility for repair; If the seller refuses to repair or delays the repair within a reasonable period, the buyer may repair it by himself or by entrusting others. The repair costs and other losses caused during the repair period shall be borne by the seller. " Therefore, when the quality of the main structure of the house is unqualified and there are serious quality problems, which affect the living of consumers, consumers can ask for the termination of the contract and claim the developer to compensate for the losses. When there are non-serious quality problems such as water seepage and hollowing in the house, the developer shall undertake the warranty obligation and be liable for compensation for other losses caused during the warranty period.

　　(two) the price increase, disguised to raise the selling price

　　In terms of housing prices, the main problems complained by consumers are as follows: First, buying a house is required to buy renovation packages, upgrade packages and other expenses, thus raising housing prices in disguise. Some property consultants who sell real estate with lottery numbers implicitly tell buyers that they can’t sign a house purchase contract without buying a "decoration upgrade package"; The second isFree to collect fees other than the house price, such as group purchase fee, numbering fee, renovation fee, account opening fee, etc.;The third is to confuse the down payment, down payment, intention payment, etc. Some developers collect sincerity money when selling, and turn sincerity money into a deposit and issue a special receipt when choosing a house without the consent of consumers. Refund the refund on the grounds that the deposit is not refundable in case of dispute.

　　For example, in May 2019, Mr. Jiang bought a house in a real estate in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. When paying by credit card, Mr. Jiang was required to pay by two brushes, one was 2.76 million yuan and the other was 500,000 yuan. The unit names of the two receipts were different, of which 500,000 yuan was the renovation fee, and the receipt unit was a building decoration engineering company. At that time, the renovation project and standard were not given, and the content of 500,000 yuan renovation was not reflected in the contract. Later, it was learned that other owners of the same apartment with Mr. Jiang did not receive the renovation fee of 500 thousand yuan. On June 30, 2021, Mr. Jiang reported the relevant problems to Nanjing Consumers Association and asked for a refund of 500,000 yuan. After mediation by the staff of Nanjing Consumers Association Real Estate Consumer Rights Protection Committee, the company finally refunded 500,000 yuan to Mr. Jiang.

　　For another example, on August 17, 2021, the Committee for the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests of Huidong County, Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province received a group complaint from several owners’ representatives in a certain district about a real estate development company illegally charging 841 owners’ natural gas account opening fees. After investigation, the real estate company recently asked the owners of the community to pay a natural gas account opening fee of 3,500 yuan per household, but the purchase contract stated that the water, electricity and gas links in the community should be delivered. After many unsuccessful negotiations with the company, the owners collectively complained to the Huidong County Consumer Council. County Consumer Council has organized both parties to conduct on-site mediation for many times. The real estate company said that the energy company wanted to charge this fee, but they just collected it, but failed to show any basis for charging the initial installation fee of natural gas. The Guiding Opinions on Standardizing the Installation Fees of Urban Gas Projects jointly issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the General Administration of Market Supervision (NDRC Price [2019] No.1131) clearly stipulates that "the installation fees of gas projects within the red line of the supporting construction planning of new commercial housing shall be uniformly included in the development and construction costs of commercial housing, and real estate development enterprises and gas enterprises shall not separately charge the buyer." The staff of the Consumer Council explained the relevant contents to the real estate company in detail. After mediation, the real estate company made a promise to the owner that it would no longer charge the initial installation fee of natural gas, and it was not allowed to charge the fee in any name.

　　For another example, on September 6, 2021, the Consumer Protection Committee of Lingbi County, Suzhou City, Anhui Province received a complaint from Ms. Chen, a consumer, saying that she went to a real estate project in Lingbi County to look at the house. The salesperson verbally publicized that the middle school of the community was the school district of No.6 Middle School. After repeated confirmation by the consumer, she decided to buy and pay a subscription fund of 20,000 yuan, and then changed to subscription under the guidance of the salesperson. On July 22, the Education Bureau issued a school district division document, and the junior middle school of the property was another school, which did not meet the original promise. On July 30th, the consumer asked the salesman to check out. The salesman insisted that it was the Sixth Middle School District. The consumer asked that the Sixth Middle School District be included in the contract, but the salesman disagreed. The consumer asked the real estate company to check out and refund the deposit. After receiving the complaint, after mediation by the staff, the operator refunded the consumer a house purchase deposit of 20,000 yuan.

　　[Opinions of Consumers Association]

　　Article 13 of the Price Law stipulates that business operators shall clearly mark the price when selling goods and providing services, and shall not sell at a higher price than the marked price, and shall not charge any unspecified fees. Article 4 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Disputes over Commercial Housing Sales Contracts stipulates: "If the seller accepts a deposit from the buyer as a guarantee for concluding a commercial housing sales contract through subscription, ordering, reservation, etc., if the commercial housing sales contract cannot be concluded due to one of the parties, it shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the law on deposit." Article 587 of the Civil Code stipulates: "If the debtor performs the debt, the deposit shall be used as the price or recovered. If the party paying the deposit fails to perform the debt or the performance of the debt does not conform to the agreement, so that the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved, it has no right to request the return of the deposit; If the party receiving the deposit fails to perform the debt or the performance of the debt does not conform to the agreement, so that the purpose of the contract cannot be achieved, the deposit shall be returned twice. " In the sale of commercial housing, developers often collect consumer fees in advance in various names, such as subscription fund, sincerity fund and queuing fee, and then convert them into deposit through contracts, which limits consumers’ right to terminate contracts and damages consumers’ rights and interests. Consumers should pay attention to the contents of relevant bills and contracts to prevent the name of payment from changing.

　　(3) Concealing exaggeration and inducing buyers in violation of regulations.

　　In terms of sales promotion, the main problems of consumer complaints are: first, concealing the nature of the house, inducing consumers to trade in violation of regulations, such as concealing the situation of limited sales (no transfer during the restricted sales period) and the property rights of the apartment (mostly 40 years), which harms consumers’ rights and interests; The second is to make false propaganda and false promises through pictures and words, on-site display, oral promises and other forms; The third is to induce unqualified consumers to buy houses in the name of assisting in handling loans; The fourth is to conceal important unfavorable factors and not fully fulfill the obligation of informing, such as the surrounding facilities; The fifth is to exaggerate the favorable conditions of promoting houses and induce transactions, such asSchool district room,Traffic conditions, etc.

　　For example, on July 23, 2021, Ms. Consumer Gong came to the Consumer Protection Committee of pinghu city, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province to complain that she and her husband came to Pinghu two months ago and ordered a commercial house in a certain building in Danghu Street on June 13. At that time, she paid a earnest money of 200,000 yuan, and only had the subscription book and the receipt. She complained that the developer did not inform that the commercial house was located next to the crematorium when she bought it, and concealed important information, and asked the developer to return the house. The developer delayed and refused to return it. After the staff of pinghu city Consumer Protection Committee received the complaint, after many times of communication, the developer agreed to refund, and the consumer expressed satisfaction.

　　For another example, on July 5, 2021, consumer Mr. Dong complained to Xiamen Consumer Rights Protection Committee, saying that he signed a commercial housing sales contract with a real estate development enterprise in Xiamen on May 15, 2018, and when he was ready to take over the house in September 2020, he found that it was impossible to clarify the nature and scope of the use of the garden and basement promised by the real estate development enterprise at the time of sale. Consumers have repeatedly asked real estate development enterprises to give relevant explanations and solutions, but after ten months, the other party still has no clear reply and sincerity to solve the problem. Xiamen Consumer Protection Committee immediately launched an investigation after receiving the complaint. The person in charge of the real estate development enterprise said that the nature of the garden before and after the original promise was shared by the owners and could not be given a clear property right. Finally, after many mediations, the real estate development enterprise compensated the consumer Mr. Dong for half a year’s property fee, and the consumer agreed.

　　Another example is that in early May 2021, Mr. Zhong, a consumer, took a fancy to a 79-square-meter commercial house in a real estate sales department in Weiyuan County, Neijiang City, Sichuan Province, with a total house price of more than 330,000 yuan. Mr. Zhong told the sales staff that he might not be able to apply for a loan because of the credit problem, and the sales staff said that they had channels to help consumers successfully apply for a loan from the bank. Subsequently, the two sides signed an order contract, and the consumer paid 30% of the down payment by mortgage, totaling more than 100,000 yuan. The two sides agreed that the remaining 236,000 yuan would be assisted by the sales department to apply for a loan from the bank. As the loan was not approved, consumers could not afford the remaining house payment. In early June, consumers demanded to cancel the purchase contract and refund the house payment. The developer said that if the house purchase contract is terminated, it should pay 15% of the total house price as stipulated in the contract, totaling more than 50,000 yuan as liquidated damages. Repeated negotiations between the two sides failed, and consumers complained to Weiyuan County Consumer Protection Committee on July 1. After four times of on-site mediation organized by the staff, the developer finally agreed to refund the down payment of the consumer and terminate the contract.

　　[Opinions of Consumers Association]

　　Consumers have the right to know the real situation of the purchased house, including the house itself, supporting facilities and surrounding planning. Article 3 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Disputes over Commercial Housing Sales Contracts stipulates: "The sales advertisements and publicity materials of commercial housing are invitations to offer, but the explanations and promises made by the seller on the housing and related facilities within the scope of commercial housing development planning are specific and have a significant impact on the conclusion of commercial housing sales contracts and the determination of housing prices, which constitute an offer. Even if the explanation and promise are not included in the commercial housing sales contract, they should be the contents of the contract. If the parties violate it, they should bear the liability for breach of contract. " Article 15 of the Measures for the Administration of Commercial Housing Sales stipulates: "The parties concerned shall agree on the matters clearly stated in the advertisements and publicity materials for commercial housing sales issued by real estate development enterprises and real estate intermediary services." In addition, the Regulations on the Publication of Real Estate Advertisements stipulates that the contents of real estate advertisements shall not contain the promise of appreciation or return on investment, shall not indicate the location of the project by the time it takes for the project to reach a specific reference, shall not violate the relevant state regulations on price management, and shall not mislead and publicize the municipal conditions under planning or construction. For housing transactions, consumers should make reasonable arrangements based on their own credit conditions. If they do not meet the credit conditions, do not trust the promise of developers or intermediaries to help successfully handle loans.

　　(4) Fancy breach of contract, refusing to take responsibility for various reasons.

　　In terms of contract performance, the main problems of consumer complaints are as follows: First, the delivered house is inconsistent with the model house and loushu publicity. For example, the height of the building becomes lower and there are more beams; Second, the housing area has shrunk, which is inconsistent with the area agreed in the contract; Third, the developer delayed the delivery of the house and refused to bear the liability for breach of contract; Fourth, after the delivery of the house, it is impossible to assist the owner in handling the transfer in time; Fifth, green belts, fitness areas, etc. have not been delivered with the room or changed to other uses, such as changing swimming pools into parking spaces; Sixth, use supplementary agreements and special agreements to promote unfair format clauses.

　　For example, in November 2019, Mr. Pan, a consumer in Tianchang City, Chuzhou, Anhui Province, ordered a house from a real estate company in Tianchang City. At the same time, he signed an agreement to return the house without reason. The agreement stipulated that the buyer had the right to return the house without reason at any time from the date of signing the Commercial House Sales Contract and the Agreement to the date of handling the check-in formalities. Since Mr. Pan signed the contract in November 2019, the real estate company has been unable to formally sign online, so it applied for no reason to check out on November 9, 2020. However, the real estate company did not give a refund for various reasons. In June 2021, Mr. Pan complained to the Tianchang Consumer Protection Committee. The Municipal Consumer Protection Committee immediately arranged a special investigation after receiving the complaint, and the consumer complaint was true. After communication and mediation by the staff of the Consumer Protection Committee, an agreement was finally reached: the accused real estate company arranged a special person to handle the refund, and the consumer received a check-out payment of more than 640,000 yuan in late July.

　　Another example is that Ms. Zhang complained to the Xiamen Consumer Rights Protection Committee that she bought a property with an area of 84.08 square meters through a real estate development company in Xiamen on July 2, 2019. When the house was delivered on June 18, 2021, the acceptance materials submitted by the real estate company showed that the actual measured area was 83.28 square meters (the area difference was 0.8 square meters, and the price difference was 31,439.2 yuan), and the real estate company indicated that the price difference would not be refunded if the area difference was less than 1% as agreed in the contract. Paragraph 1 of Article 13, Chapter 5 of the Contract stipulates that the absolute value of the error ratio of the interior construction area is less than 3% (including 3%), and the house price shall be settled according to the facts. The supplementary agreement stipulates that when the absolute value of the error ratio of the construction area is greater than 1% and less than 3%, the house price shall be settled according to the contract unit price. Consumers think that the main contract is clear and there is no need to sign a supplementary agreement. The relevant content of the supplementary agreement is a complete deviation from the main contract. There is a dispute between buyers and sellers. After investigation, Xiamen Consumer Protection Committee organized both parties to conduct on-site mediation, and Ms. Zhang proposed a plan to exempt property fees for 1-2 years, but both parties failed to reach an agreement. Later, after telephone contact, the real estate company agreed to give a broken wall machine as compensation.

　　For another example, on September 9, 2021, Mr. Wu complained to the Consumers Association of Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province that when signing the formal house purchase contract, Mr. Wu found that there were unequal clauses in the contract, and his liability for breach of contract was not equal to that of the developer. If Mr. Wu breached the contract, he would have to pay the developer three ten thousandths of the penalty for overdue payment, while the developer would only have to pay the consumer one thousandth of the penalty for overdue delivery. Mr. Wu objected to this clause. The developer said that the contract was a model contract provided by the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau. If you have any questions, you should consult the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau. The consumer consulted the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau and replied that the model contract was provided by the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau, but the specific content was negotiated between the developer and the consumer. If there were obviously unequal terms in the contract, it was definitely not acceptable. However, the developer insisted on changing the terms of the contract and asked Mr. Wu to continue to perform the contract. After mediation by the staff of Zhenjiang Consumers Association, the person in charge of the developer agreed to refund Mr. Wu’s deposit, and stated that all the legal responsibilities in the four real estate contracts for sale in Zhenjiang would be changed to reciprocal responsibilities. Mr. Wu expressed satisfaction with the result.

　　[Opinions of Consumers Association]

　　It is the duty of the operator to perform the contract according to law and deliver it qualified. According to the provisions of the Civil Code, business operators should fully perform their obligations in accordance with the agreement. If the performance does not meet the agreement, they should bear the liability for breach of contract in accordance with the contract. Article 30 of the Measures for the Administration of Commercial Housing Sales stipulates: "The real estate development enterprise shall deliver the commercial housing that meets the delivery conditions to the buyer on schedule in accordance with the contract. If it fails to deliver on time, the real estate development enterprise shall bear the liability for breach of contract. " Compared with consumers, developers belong to a strong side. Some developers use deposits to fix consumers first, and then "bypass" model contracts such as supplementary agreements to force consumers to accept unfair format clauses drawn up by them unilaterally, exclude and restrict consumers’ rights, increase consumers’ responsibilities, and reduce or exempt operators’ responsibilities. Consumers either accept unfair clauses or lose deposits, which is in a dilemma.This should be severely punished.

　　(5) Housing agencies, be careful when they are mixed.

　　In terms of housing agencies, the main problems of consumer complaints are: First, some housing agencies resort to deceit, such as publishing false housing information, opaque housing prices, concealing the real situation of housing, etc. Second, there are some phenomena of arbitrary charges, such as collecting agency fees and bank loan fees without telling or without the consent of consumers; Third, some housing agencies violate the rules, such as revealing personal information of buyers and sellers, promising to apply for bank loans, supervising funds for buyers instead of banks, and taking the purchase money for themselves or using it for other purposes; Fourth, some intermediary companies and staff confuse the concepts of online signing for filing, online signing for intermediary, mortgage, etc., misleading buyers, so that they can not realize online signing transfer after paying down payment and intermediary fees; Fifth, some use standard clauses to infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of consumers or fail to perform in accordance with the contents of the contract.

　　For example, in May 2021, Mr. Jiang from Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province purchased a second-hand house through Huangyan Kaihong Real Estate Agency. Later, when Mr. Jiang went through the transfer formalities, he had to pay 5.6% value-added tax and additional taxes in full because the property was less than two years old. Mr. Jiang thinks that the intermediary clearly introduced the property right of the property for more than two years, but now it is less than two years, which is inconsistent with the reality, so he complained to Taizhou huangyan district Consumer Rights Protection Committee. After receiving the complaint, the staff contacted both parties to mediate. Because the gap between the two parties’ demands for fee reduction was too large, the mediation was unsuccessful. Mr. Jiang said that it would be resolved through legal channels.

　　Another example is that in July 2021, Ms. Wang bought a house through a real estate agent in Jiyuan City, Henan Province. On the day of signing the contract, Party A claimed that the real estate license was lost, and repeatedly guaranteed that the real estate area was 116 square meters. The consumer paid 50,000 yuan in advance to the real estate agent. Later, when consumers went to the bank to handle the loan procedures, they learned that the actual registered area of the property was 113.22 square meters, which was 2.78 square meters less than that in the contract. The consumer immediately reported the problem of area discrepancy with the real estate agent. After the intermediary learned it, it proposed to negotiate with Party A to reduce the original transaction price by 30,000 yuan, but Party A did not agree. The consumer asked for a refund of 50,000 yuan, and the person in charge of the real estate agent said that he could only refund 30,000 yuan. On September 3, consumers complained to Jiyuan Consumer Rights Protection Committee. After mediation, the three parties finally reduced the transaction price of the original contract by 20,000 yuan and reached a settlement agreement.

　　[Opinions of Consumers Association]

　　Article 22 of the Measures for the Administration of Real Estate Brokers stipulates: "When a real estate brokerage institution signs a house sale or lease brokerage service contract with a client, it shall check the house entrusted for sale or lease, the certificate of ownership of the house, the identity certificate of the client and other relevant materials, and shall prepare a housing condition statement. After the written consent of the client, the corresponding listing information can be released to the public. " Before signing the real estate brokerage service contract, the real estate brokerage agency and broker shall truthfully explain the relevant contents of the real estate brokerage service contract and the house sales contract to the client, and truthfully inform the rights and obligations of all parties.Real estate brokerage institutions and brokers who fail to fulfill their due obligations and cause losses to consumers shall be liable for compensation.

　　III. Opinions of China Consumers Association on the commercial housing industry

　　(a) adhere to the "housing", safeguard the healthy development of the real estate market and the legitimate rights and interests of housing consumers.With the continuous implementation of real estate control policies, the real estate industry has gradually entered an adjustment period. However, some real estate operators have not got rid of the seller’s market thinking, and are still using their strong position to "squeeze" consumers through various means to make profits. In the face of policy adjustment and market changes, relevant operators should change their business philosophy, strive for development by quality, seek benefits from service, base on long-term development, abandon short-sighted behavior, strictly implement relevant laws, regulations and policy documents such as the Civil Code, the Law on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests, the Urban Real Estate Management Law, the Measures for the Administration of Commercial Housing Sales, and the Interpretation of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in the Trial of Disputes over Commercial Housing Sales Contracts, so as to earnestly undertake due obligations and responsibilities and protect the legitimate rights and interests of buyers.

　　(two) real estate enterprises should operate in good faith according to law, quality and quantity of qualified delivery.Real estate enterprises should ensure the quality of houses in strict accordance with building quality standards, deliver qualified houses and documents such as Residential Quality Guarantee and Residential Instruction Manual to consumers, and put an end to shoddy construction, Jerry-building, false propaganda, improper induction, unauthorized changes, arbitrary breach of contract, bundled price increases, arbitrary charges, overlord clauses, prevarication and other issues, and give back to the trust of consumers with good quality and sincere service. The project supervision unit shall give full play to its role, supervise the construction quality and strictly control it in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant technical standards, design documents and construction project contracts.

　　(three) the housing intermediary institutions should strengthen management, effectively restrain employees, and earnestly fulfill their due obligations.We should strictly abide by the Measures for the Administration of Real Estate Brokers and other regulations, abide by professional norms and ethics, mark the service items, service contents, charging standards and related real estate prices and information in a prominent position in the business premises, carefully check the houses and house ownership certificates entrusted for sale or lease, the identity certificates of the clients and other relevant materials, and explain to consumers in detail the relevant contents of real estate brokerage service contracts, house sales contracts or house lease contracts, especially the real situation of houses and important contents related to consumers’ interests. Housing agencies should eliminate the information gap, provide convenience for all parties to the transaction, effectively enhance the service value, and put an end to publishing false information, concealing the real situation, using unfair format terms and other violations of consumers’ legitimate rights and interests.

　　(4) Consumers should pay attention to seeing more and asking more questions when buying a house, and strengthen self-protection.It is necessary to carefully check the qualifications and credibility of real estate development enterprises and housing intermediaries. When buying a new house, pay attention to the State-owned Land Use Right Certificate, Construction Land Planning Permit, Construction Project Planning Permit, Construction Project Construction Permit, Commercial Housing Pre-sale Permit or Commercial Housing Sales Permit. For the location, environment and supporting facilities of the house, don’t trust verbal promises, and important contents must be written into the contract. Pay attention to the understanding of housing property rights, purchase restriction policies, loan conditions and other related content. If you don’t meet the conditions for buying a house, don’t take chances and hope that the operators will make false promises. Before signing the contract, you should carefully read and fully understand the terms of the contract, supplementary agreements and contract annexes, such as housing area, floor, housing number, housing price, delivery time, delivery standards, conditions for terminating the contract, and liabilities for breach of contract. We should pay attention to the preservation of the publicity materials, purchase contracts, payment bills, model housing materials and other evidence of real estate and intermediary, so as to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. When accepting the house, the quality of the house project and supporting facilities should be checked and accepted one by one according to the standards agreed in the purchase contract, and records should be made. If conditions permit, relevant supervision institutions and professional house inspectors can be hired to check and accept together, and pay attention to checking and keeping the Residential Quality Guarantee and the Residential Instruction Manual. In case of disputes, safeguard rights in time according to law.

　　Statistics of Complaints Accepted in the Third Quarter of 2021

　　Completed by: China Consumers Association Unit: pieces

Promoting social governance and urban organic renewal with the transformation of old residential areas

From the perspective of economic, social and urban development, one of the important backgrounds of the transformation of old urban communities is that China’s urbanization has entered the second half. In 2019, China’s urbanization rate has reached 60.60%, and the per capita GDP has exceeded 10,000 US dollars, which is higher than the average level of upper-middle-income countries. The process of urbanization in China has entered between the second turning point (urbanization rate is 50%) and the third turning point (urbanization rate is 70%), and the urban development has shifted from incremental expansion to the era of upgrading stocks. Urban governance needs to pay special attention to people’s livelihood issues and promote urban transformation and development.

The city is a living body, and urban renewal is an eternal topic. The renovation of old residential areas embodies the development idea of "making people more convenient, more comfortable and better in urban life". As early as the central city work conference held in 2015, the central government has proposed to speed up the transformation of old communities. The the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Conference held in July 2019 proposed to implement short-board projects such as the renovation of old urban communities, urban parking lots and the construction of urban and rural cold chain logistics facilities. The renovation of old residential areas has been accelerated.

According to the deployment, in 2020, the country plans to renovate 39,000 old urban communities, involving nearly 7 million residents, double the number in 2019, with the focus on residential areas completed before the end of 2000. This work has also become a new starting point for "stable investment" in urban and rural construction after the investment in shantytown renovation. The renovation of old residential areas can not only promote the organic renewal of the city, improve and upgrade the living environment of residents, but also create new investment and jobs, which is also of great significance to the current work of "six stabilities" and the implementation of "six guarantees".

At present, the year 2000 is generally used as the node to divide old communities and new communities. The residential quarters built before the end of 2000 generally have the demographic characteristics of "prominent aging phenomenon", the location characteristics of "adjacent to the old city center", the architectural entity characteristics of "five or six floors without elevators" and the social governance characteristics of "lack of property management". Therefore, there are housing safety problems, infrastructure problems, supporting services problems and community management problems in old residential areas that need to be solved.

Old residential areas have universal characteristics, and the reconstruction work needs to start with these universal characteristics and summarize the possible problems. The author believes that there are six main problems in the renovation of old residential areas: first, in community governance, residents’ cognition and demands for the renovation and upgrading of residential areas are different and difficult to coordinate; Second, in terms of updating hardware facilities, community supporting facilities are old, some facilities are lacking in functions, and some facilities even have hidden dangers; Third, the construction of public service facilities, land shortage and difficult to supplement; Fourth, in terms of standards and norms, relevant norms need to be further established and improved; Fifth, in the aspect of fund-raising, it is necessary to establish a fund mechanism that is reasonably shared by multiple subjects; Sixth, in terms of institutional mechanisms, relevant approvals need to strengthen coordination and cooperation.

The renovation of old residential areas needs system design, and the goal of "five modernizations" is clear: First, it is suitable for aging, including barrier-free design and installation of elevators; Second, greening, energy saving and consumption reduction, and integration with urban green development; Third, communization, promoting the leadership of party building and residents’ autonomy, and developing smart communities in governance; Fourth, the circle of life, including "15-minute life circle", "10-minute old people circle" and "5-minute children circle" and the construction of public charging piles and public laundry rooms; The fifth is human culture, which combines the transformation of old residential areas with the protection of local characteristics and the continuation of urban cultural context to promote urban organic renewal.

The renovation of old residential areas needs comprehensive planning, and the renovation objects and tasks can be classified. The renovation of old residential areas includes the following aspects: first, the renovation of single buildings to make them more solid and beautiful; The second is the transformation of residential environment, which makes residents’ life more quality; Third, all kinds of facilities are perfect, making residents’ lives more convenient; Fourth, the community management is perfect, which makes the community life more orderly.

According to this, the task of old residential area renovation can be divided into three categories: first, the basic category to meet the needs of safety and basic life, including municipal supporting infrastructure such as water, electricity and heating roads, and maintenance of public parts of buildings; The second is the improvement of life and convenience, including the improvement of residential environment and supporting facilities, the installation of elevators and the increase of parking facilities in conditional residential areas; The third is to improve the quality, which can be provided by the market, including the supply of community public service products, such as pension, nursery, health, etc. The provision of such public services must be based on the principle of adapting to local conditions and seeking truth from facts, and strive to provide residents with "menu-style" optional services.

The transformation of old residential areas needs the participation of social capital and the promotion of multi-subject and multi-source power. The executive meeting of the State Council held on April 14th this year proposed to establish a mechanism for the government, residents and social forces to share the reconstruction funds reasonably, with subsidies from the central government and special debts from local governments to encourage social capital to participate in the reconstruction operation. The transformation of old residential areas needs to solve the problem of "where does the funds come from", and it is necessary to establish a framework system of normalized maintenance and renewal funds.

Social governance must be innovated in the renovation of old residential areas. The transformation of old residential areas is an eternal theme in the process of urban development. Its core concept is to implement the people-centered development idea, the development concept of "innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing" and the transformation principle of "seeking truth from facts and adapting to local conditions". As a livelihood project, the renovation of old residential areas must encourage the public to actively participate, listen to the opinions of all sectors of society in time, and form a good working atmosphere. Efforts should be made to solve the outstanding problems strongly reflected by the masses, so that the masses can have more sense of gain in the transformation of old residential areas. This process is bound to be a social governance process of mutual consultation, co-construction, co-governance and sharing.

(The author is a professor-level senior urban planner, former vice president of China Urban Planning and Design Institute and deputy secretary of the Party Committee)

Online celebrity blogger was subjected to domestic violence： Chen Mou was detained for 20 days for intentional injury.

　　On November 25th, after Weibo’s "YUYAMIKA" (He Moumou, female, 28 years old) reported on the Internet that she had been subjected to domestic violence by her ex-boyfriend Weibo’s "Tuotuo Feng Mo Jiao" (Chen Mou, male, 44 years old), the relevant departments immediately investigated and dealt with it.

　　After investigation by the public security organs in Jiangbei District, Chen Mou repeatedly committed illegal acts of intentional injury to He Moumou from the beginning of April 2019 to the end of August 2019 (He Moumou’s injury degree was less than minor injury or above). In addition, it was found that Chen Mou also committed illegal acts that threatened the personal safety of others through WeChat. In view of the above-mentioned two illegal acts in Chen Mou, the public security organs respectively imposed administrative penalties according to the Law on Public Security Administration Punishment, combined with administrative detention for 20 days, and imposed a fine.

　　In order to prevent Chen Mou from intentionally injuring him again, He Moumou applied to Jiangbei District People’s Court for a personal safety protection order on November 27th. At present, the hospital has made a personal safety protection order for He Moumou according to the facts identified after examination. (CCTV reporter Yan Liang)

Huiyang district was awarded the top 100 comprehensive strength districts in China! 2023 National Top 100 Counties and Cities Series List Released

Recently, the China Small and Medium-sized Cities Development Index Research Group and Guoxin Small and Medium-sized Cities Index Research Institute released the research results of the high-quality development index of small and medium-sized cities in China in 2023, and released a series of lists of the top 100 counties and cities with comprehensive strength, top 100 districts with comprehensive strength, top 100 counties and cities with green development, top 100 counties and cities with investment potential, top 100 districts with investment potential, top 100 counties and cities with scientific and technological innovation and top 100 counties and cities with new urbanization quality.

(1)

The comprehensive strength index system is based on the requirements of practicing new development concepts and high-quality development, and combined with the development characteristics of small and medium-sized cities in the new period, it is evaluated from five aspects: economic development, innovation drive, ecological environment, people’s livelihood and well-being, and urban and rural governance, and consists of 15 secondary indicators.

Top 100 counties and cities with comprehensive strength in China in 2023

Top 100 National Comprehensive Strength Zones in 2023

(2)

Green is the background of high-quality development, a necessary condition for sustainable development and an important embodiment of people’s pursuit of a better life. The green development index of small and medium-sized cities has four first-class indicators and 19 second-class indicators, including resource conservation, green consumption, pollution control and environmental quality.

National Top 100 Green Development Counties and Cities in 2023

Top 100 National Green Development Zones in 2023

(3)

Urban investment potential is a kind of compound potential, which is a comprehensive embodiment of urban infrastructure, economic vitality, social environment and market environment. Therefore, the study of investment potential index of small and medium-sized cities consists of five first-level indicators, including population and human resources, infrastructure, traffic location, ecological environment and administrative efficiency, involving 20 second-level indicators.

Top 100 counties and cities with national investment potential in 2023

Top 100 National Investment Potentials in 2023

(4)

Scientific and technological innovation is an important driving force, an important supporting force, an important leading force and an important bearing capacity for urban development, an important guarantee for sustainable and healthy economic development, and a source of power for technological and industrial upgrading and resource conservation. Based on the innovation resources and development foundation, the research group evaluated the scientific and technological innovation ability of small and medium-sized cities from four aspects: scientific and technological innovation platform, scientific and technological innovation potential, scientific and technological innovation investment and scientific and technological innovation effect.

Top 100 counties and cities of national scientific and technological innovation in 2023

Top 100 National Science and Technology Innovation Zones in 2023

(5)

The new urbanization quality index of small and medium-sized cities is evaluated from four aspects: urban development, public service, urban renewal and environmental quality.

Top 100 counties and cities with new urbanization quality in China in 2023

National Top 100 New Urbanization Quality Areas in 2023

It is reported that the evaluation objects of this study are defined as: county-level cities, counties and municipal districts with relatively independent space, as well as towns with good development foundation and "building cities" conditions. Top 100 counties and cities: county-level cities, counties, autonomous counties and banners. Top 100 Districts: Municipal districts with towns and villages and relatively independent development (excluding the municipal districts of Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Chongqing).

Original title: "Huiyang District was awarded the National Top 100 Comprehensive Strength Zone! 2023 National Top 100 Counties and Cities Series List Release "

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Price concessions are effective. The retail sales of the new BMW 5 Series reached 10,188 units in June, and the total order volume exceeded 12,000 units.

　　Only five months after the launch of the new BMW 5 Series, the sales volume in June has exceeded 10,000. 5 Series domestic long wheelbase (fuel version and pure electric version) and imported standard wheelbase (fuel version and pure electric version) totaled 10,188 units in June, and the total order volume exceeded 12,000 units.

Price concessions are effective. The retail sales of the brand-new BMW 5 Series reached 10,188 units in June, and the total order volume exceeded 12,000 units _fororder_image001.

Price concessions are effective. The retail sales of the brand-new BMW 5 Series reached 10,188 units in June, and the total order volume exceeded 12,000 units _fororder_image002.

　　The new BMW 5 Series breaks the inherent aesthetics of the traditional commercial sedan. With the classic short front overhang, long wheelbase, coupe style and body proportion of BMW, and the classic BMW iconic design elements, the pure driving interest is visually expressed, giving the design aesthetics of the executive sedan a "business leisure".

　　Design is a visual presentation of "pure driving pleasure", and the new BMW 5 Series embodies the perfect integration of design and function. Dive side air curtain, dynamic and smooth body, extended rear suspension, wedge-shaped tail falling rapidly, sculptured L-shaped taillights and hidden diffuser guide air smoothly and neatly through the body. At the same time, the aerodynamic wheel hub adopts alloy wheel hub and metal texture chip insert, which reduces the weight by about 15% compared with ordinary wheel hub. Every detail, every curve and every corner of the new BMW 5 series body has undergone strict wind tunnel test. These elements not only improve the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle, so that the drag coefficient of the vehicle is only 0.23, but also show a strong sense of movement and strength visually.

Price concessions are effective. The retail sales of the brand-new BMW 5 Series reached 10,188 units in June, and the total order volume exceeded 12,000 units _fororder_image003

　　The design of the new BMW 5 Series front cockpit fully embodies the "Tech Magic" inspired technology, and the designer creates an immersive space full of light and shadow magic through the thinking mode of digital art. The distinctive "Thunderwood" flowing gold decorative board is made of natural and original basswood, with exquisite materials and delicate texture. In the process, the composite method of wood skin and aluminum foil is innovatively adopted, and the lightning texture is hollowed out by laser laser laser engraving, exposing the aluminum foil under the wood skin to form a lightning strike effect. The integrated suspended curved screen has high-grade and delicate texture and extremely clear visual effects. The embracing interactive light belt runs through the whole front dashboard and door, and the touch-type car control button is skillfully combined with the ambient light to create a brilliant flow effect like diamond cutting. In the back row, the BMW suspended giant screen turns the back row space into an exclusive private cinema. The unique 31-inch 8K ultra-high-definition giant screen at the same level supports 32:9 panoramic playback mode, bringing more scene applications and digital experience. Bowers & Wilkins 4D surround sound system and Harman/Kardon high-end sound system jointly create the auditory enjoyment of the concert hall. The unique panoramic star-track canopy at the same level extends from the front row to the back row, and the visible area is increased by about 30% compared with the previous generation skylight, and the field of vision is broader. With the switching of vehicle modes, it creates a flowing and changing light and shadow atmosphere, adding a unique artistic sense to the interior space.

Price concessions are effective. The retail sales of the brand-new BMW 5 Series reached 10,188 units in June, and the total order volume exceeded 12,000 units _fororder_image004

　　BMW is the benchmark of driving pleasure, and even if it enters the electric age, it is also a model to be chased. Regardless of oil and electricity, BMW’s pursuit represents unique driving pleasure, which is not stacking materials and book data, but comes from the combination of software and hardware and BMW’s exclusive system integration and adjustment. The new car is equipped with "BMW chassis super brain" — — The 9th generation lateral dynamics management system is responsible for allocating various functions of the chassis, and prefers curves to straights. Adhering to the concept of "ergonomics", BMW is committed to creating an intelligent driving assistance system that is easy to use, comfortable to use and assured to create a safe and comfortable driving experience with the design and adjustment that suits people’s hearts. The purpose of BMW’s design of intelligent driving assistance system is to give users a clear use boundary by "safety first" and ensure that users are always in the driving part, that is, "driving in the ring". The new BMW 5 Series is equipped with automatic lane change function with line-of-sight confirmation, which is a concrete expression of the concept of "driving in the ring".

Price concessions are effective. The retail sales of the brand-new BMW 5 Series reached 10,188 units in June, and the total order volume exceeded 12,000 units _fororder_image005.

Price concessions have a significant effect. The retail sales of the new BMW 5 Series reached 10,188 units in June, and the total order volume exceeded 12,000 units _fororder_image006

　　The innovative pure electric BMW i5 is the first medium-sized and large-sized luxury car with all five stars, which has been evaluated by C-NCAP and C-GCAP. In the evaluation of C-GCAP, the innovative pure electric BMW i5 scored all five stars in three indicators: health, energy efficiency and low carbon, which benefited from: under the BMW high-efficiency power strategy, the innovative pure electric BMW i5 has a high endurance achievement rate and a "what you see is what you get" pure electric mileage; The industry nearly five times the standard limit electromagnetic compatibility test to test the electromagnetic "immune system" of the new BMW 5 series; Veganza, a natural and environmentally-friendly high-quality interior material, will not emit obvious odor even under long-term exposure at 65℃, ensuring the comfortable experience of vehicle drivers and passengers. In the C-NCAP evaluation, the innovative pure electric BMW i5 is higher than the average level of tested vehicles in terms of occupant protection, pedestrian protection and active safety, especially in the pedestrian protection test, which has the highest score among all tested vehicles in the 2021 code version, reflecting that BMW not only cares about the safety of drivers and passengers, but also cares about the safety of all social traffic participants.

Price concessions are effective. The retail sales of the brand-new BMW 5 Series reached 10,188 units in June, and the total order volume exceeded 12,000 units _fororder_image007.

Price concessions are effective. The retail sales of the brand-new BMW 5 Series reached 10,188 units in June, and the total order volume exceeded 12,000 units _fororder_image008.

　　The sales volume and orders of the new BMW 5 Series both exceeded 10,000 in June, which once again showed the position of the 5 Series in the hearts of consumers in China. (Source: BMW)

New applications such as 5G car networking will be unveiled at the 2020 World Intelligent Networked Automobile Conference.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, October 20th (Reporter Zhang Xinxin) Qu Guochun, director of the Equipment Industry Development Center of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said on the 20th that the 2020 World Intelligent Networked Automobile Conference will be held in Beijing from November 11th to 13th, and new applications such as 5G car networking and intelligent transportation will be unveiled at the conference.

　　Qu Guochun made the above statement at the press conference of the 2020 World Intelligent Networked Automobile Conference held on the 20th.

　　Intelligent networked automobile is a new industrial form with deep integration of automobile, electronics, information and communication, road transportation and other industries. At present, China is accelerating the development of intelligent networked vehicles, improving the infrastructure level of intelligent roads, and building a comprehensive application system of vehicle networking. The convening of this conference is to further promote the development of the industry and meet the urgent needs of cross-border exchanges, collaborative innovation and demonstration applications.

　　It is reported that the 2020 World Intelligent Networked Automobile Conference is co-sponsored by the Beijing Municipal People’s Government, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Transport and the China Association for Science and Technology. The theme of this conference is "Intelligent New Era, New Life of Car Connection", creating an "offline+cloud" dual-platform exhibition mode, setting up theme exhibition areas such as complete vehicles, key components, 5G car networking and intelligent transportation, and launching autonomous driving demonstration experience activities.

Nanjing IVECO： Commercial Vehicle Manufacturing Innovation and Development Led by New Quality Productivity

At present, driven by new productivity such as artificial intelligence, driverless driving, and new energy technologies, human society is rapidly entering a new era of Internet of Everything and intelligent creation. Nanjing, a commercial vehicle manufacturer with more than 30 years of deep experience, is actively responding to the national development strategy, courageously exploring new fields, constantly shaping new kinetic energy and new advantages, and leading the industry to a high-quality sustainable development path.

With smart manufacturing factories, we can unlock new quality productivity.

As a key part of SAIC’s "New Four Modernizations" strategy, the development of green technology new energy vehicle products is crucial for Nanjing IVECO. Since 2007, Nanjing IVECO has embarked on the electric transformation, becoming one of the first enterprises in China to obtain new energy qualifications, and selected into the national "Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicle Product Catalog". Nanjing IVECO’s Qiaolin Base is a garden-style factory integrating environmental protection and intelligence. Its construction and operation fully reflect the concept of new quality productivity.

The construction of each workshop in Qiaolin Base adopts the concept of "NPS Nanjing IVECO Lean Intelligent Manufacturing". Through automation transformation and equipment upgrading, the automation rate of the stamping workshop has been increased from 35% to 65%, reaching a leading level in the commercial vehicle manufacturing industry. The new welding workshop is equipped with a complete set of intelligent production lines, using 13 sets of PLC programmable logic controllers and 120 robots. It realizes automatic handling, welding, gluing and laser welding. The automation rate of solder joints exceeds 60%. As a provincial intelligent demonstration workshop, the automation rate is about 50%. It is committed to realizing the interconnection and digitalization of coating production information. The final assembly workshop has one IVECO production line and one China VAN production line each, as well as two vehicle inspection lines, which realizes the co-production of multi-variety models. In addition, Nanjing IVECO also has an independent powertrain workshop, especially the F1 engine assembly line, which integrates advanced concepts such as flexible manufacturing, green environmental protection, high efficiency and energy saving. It matches the existing assembly station and combines ergonomic principles to make the whole machine assembly more harmonious and smooth. Through the optimization of the base layout and the construction of intelligent green factories, Nanjing IVECO not only significantly improves production efficiency, reduces energy consumption and emissions, but also significantly enhances the comprehensive competitiveness of the enterprise.

R & D and manufacturing three steps, layout of new energy power new track.

Nanjing IVECO adheres to the three-step strategy of mass production generation, development generation and pre-research generation in the research and development of new energy vehicle products, focusing on pure electric, and is committed to creating industry-standard ultra-high battery life, fast charging, long life, high integration, and V2X-specific pure electric commercial vehicles. Combining with the industrial development trend and the resource advantages of SAIC Group, Nanjing IVECO has continuously improved its independent research and development capabilities, launched a series of innovative new energy vehicle products and technologies, such as electric drive axle + standard box battery + high-efficiency drive system integrated pure electric models, and has completed the full coverage of the Wolfson series. The development and application of these products has not only enriched the product line of the new energy vehicle market, but also promoted the progress and development of new energy vehicle technology.

At present, Nanjing IVECO is making every effort to create a high-performance powertrain design that integrates drive motor system, power battery system, and integrated electric drive bridge system. It is also making efforts in the research and development of fuel cell and pure electric replacement logistics vehicle products, and continues to expand the new track in the field of new energy.

Deepen strategic cooperation and prioritize technological innovation.

Nanjing IVECO’s new energy products not only represent the results of technological innovation, but also the concrete embodiment of new productivity in the field of commercial vehicles. With high safety, high carrying capacity, economy and rich configuration options, these products perfectly fit the national policy orientation of energy conservation and emission reduction, while meeting the diverse needs of the market for commercial vehicles, becoming the preferred brand of users.

Over the years, Nanjing IVECO has established strategic partnerships with SF Express, JD.com and other urban logistics enterprises to promote the wide application of new energy vehicles in the logistics field, demonstrating the important role of new productivity in promoting industrial upgrading. Recently, Nanjing IVECO has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Ningde Times and Ground Railway to jointly promote the full electrification of urban logistics vehicles.

Nanjing IVECO’s innovation and development in the field of new energy vehicles is a vivid case of new quality productivity driving social progress and industrial upgrading. Looking forward to the future, with the continuous development of new quality productivity, Nanjing IVECO will continue to lead by scientific and technological innovation, take new energy technology as a breakthrough point, promote high-quality sustainable development, and make greater contributions to building a green, intelligent and efficient commercial vehicle manufacturing system.

(This article is provided by the company.)

＂Four Great Talents＂ guest appearance in ＂Dragon and Phoenix Shop＂ Huang Xiaoming becomes a crazy old man


Huang Xiaoming plays "Tang Bohu" of the four talents


Tang Bohu is a "big cheat"


The emperor asked Tang Bohu what treasure to bet on


The four great talents cheated all the clothes, money and food that the emperor accompanied

　　It is being screened in cinemas across the country. In addition to the wonderful performances of the "Four Great Talents" in the film, he even took the time to make a cameo appearance in the ancient costume romantic comedy "Dragon and Phoenix Shop", which will make the film released on August 19 even more brilliant. In "Dragon and Phoenix Shop", the four great talents will appear together and form a "super old group". Huang Xiaoming is even more crazy and plays tricks on the "Emperor" Ren Xianqi, not only deceiving him of all his belongings and even his clothes, but also making him mistakenly enter the beggar gang.

The "Four Great Talents" made a cameo appearance, and Tang Bohu "led" the old thousand group

　　That year, Zhou Xingchi successfully deconstructed Tang Yin, a historical talent, and the movie was praised by countless people. 17 years later, the director Li Liqi invited Huang Xiaoming, a popular teenager, to succeed Zhou Xingchi, and it was filmed that Huang Xiaoming would join Zhou Libo, Ren Xianqi, and Chen Baixiang in the film to form the "Four Talents", and once again stage romantic and funny things. In the ancient costume romantic comedy "Dragon and Phoenix Shop", the four people will make cameo appearances in the movie, and together they will become a "super old thousand group" to set up a big gamble, deceiving all the wealth of Weifu’s personal visit to "Ren Xianqi", thus making the emperor a beggar.

Huang Xiaoming became a crazy old man, Ren Xianqi "cheated" Ren Xianqi

　　In "Dragon and Phoenix Shop," Ren Xianqi, the "Zhengde Emperor" who has just escaped from the palace with the "Three Kings of Prison Escape", is a gambling game set up by the "Four Great Talents" in the street market. "Talented Tang Bohu" Huang Xiaoming disguised as "Crazy Old Cheat", won the game full of pots and even stuffed with silver tickets. Director Zhong Shujia revealed that Huang Xiaoming is quite devoted to comedy and often creates his own scenes in real shots. For example, when he cameos in the role of "Old Cheat", he designed a crazy action of jumping on the table to raise bets. Coupled with the "joint performance" of Zhou Libo, Chen Baixiang and others, Ren Xianqi immediately became a gambler, so he fell into the game set up by the four of them, and eventually lost all his clothes, so he became a beggar. Ren Xianqi will also play two roles in the film, playing the "Einstein version of Xu Zhenqing" in the "Four Talents", and deceive himself.

Ren Xianqi is in love with S "Longfeng Store" to welcome guests on August 19

　　"Dragon and Phoenix Shop" is adapted from a traditional drama. It tells the story of the Ming Dynasty Zhengde Emperor’s private visit to Jiangnan. After meeting Li Luo Yufeng, the two achieved a marriage story. Ren Xianqi and Da S will play the Zhengde Emperor and Li Luo Yufeng respectively in the film. "Dragon and Phoenix Shop" is also the second film of the "5510" project of the famous Hong Kong filmmakers Xiang Huaqiang and Xiang Huasheng Brothers. The first film of the project is "Tang Bohu Dian Qiuxiang 2". " "Dragon and Phoenix Shop" will be released nationwide on August 19. In addition to Ren Xianqi and Da S co-starring, Luo Jiaying, Liang Xiaolong, Chen Baixiang, Huo Siyan, Gong Xinliang, Pan Changjiang, He Yunwei, Liu Yajin and a group of old actors and comedians from both sides of the Taiwan Strait and three places also joined the film.　

More great pictures on the next page!

Ren Xianqi exposes himself： I agreed to be sterilized together with Tao Jingying’s husband, but I broke my appointment


　　April 13, Hong Kong. Ren Xianqi’s new work "Qi Zai R.S.V.P", which has been out of Mandarin music for two years, will be officially released on April 27. An intriguing song on the album is the witty love song "Tracheitis", which was retouched by Ang Lee. Xiao Qi invited fellow Chinese and Hong Kong students, Dabing and Liu Haolong, to sing the song together. China News Agency issued AEG photo


　　China News Service, April 15, Ren Xianqi recently went to Taiwan’s variety show "College Student" to share "the charm of a good man", facing the host Tao Zi (Tao Jingying), he was embarrassed to self-destruct, he and Li Li Ren can’t bear his wife to suffer from the pain of production, originally made an appointment to get a vasectomy, but he didn’t have time to go, and finally let Li Li Ren pigeon, "I read the newspaper to know, he has gone, I’m really sorry."


　　According to Taiwan’s China Times, even though Ren Xianqi broke the appointment temporarily, Tao Zi praised Ren Xianqi’s act of loving his wife. She said: "Ren Xianqi will take Tina’s hand to breakfast on rainy mornings, which is very romantic." Ren Xianqi, who has been involved in the recent marriage of Karen Mok and Zheng Xiuwen in Taiwan’s entertainment industry, said he was not worried about Tina misunderstanding. "My trick is to let Tina know them."


　　Ren Xianqi said that his declaration of a good man is "to be responsible, to be cared for, not to be scolded." He will take Tina to scuba diving and surfing. Tina is not a fuel-efficient lamp. She has an S-shaped devil figure and makes people drool in sexy clothes. Ren Xianqi said that as long as his wife has the conditions, there is nothing wrong with wearing beautiful clothes. This statement made Tao Zi, who has not fully recovered from the postpartum figure, envious and joked at himself: "No wonder, my husband has told me to wear more clothes recently."

Editor in charge: Wang Xin