分类： gdgf

"Stream" is a car owned by Honda, whose Chinese name is "Shi Yun". However, this car was not introduced to China.

In the name of a car, the English word "Stream" means "smooth and fashionable". Choosing this name means that it will create a brand-new style and character, which is in line with the popular style of 21(||). After entering China, it was called ""because of its fashionable and handsome appearance. Shi Yun ".

Shi Yun was born in 2001. In the case of MPV boom at that time, Stream was used by Honda to capture the market of small MPV models, which not only filled the gap in the SMPV market segment, but also enriched Honda’s vehicle structure.

(|||) Stream is positioned as a compact SMPV, and the price is about 280,000 yuan. As the predecessor of (|||), Shiyun and (||) are twin brothers, but the market division is different. Odyssey focuses on the market, while Shi Yun focuses on private car buyers.

Shi Yun is a compact seven-seat SMPV based on (||) platform. STREAM Shi Yun, which is currently being produced, is the second generation product. Power The car is equipped with a 1.8L engine and a 5-speed automatic transmission, which is the same as the 1.8L engine used by Honda Civic. The maximum power is 140 HP and the maximum torque is 173Nm.

Shi Yun’s seats are arranged in 2+3+2, and the second and third rows of seats can be completely laid down to form an empty room. However, the wheelbase of this car is only 20mm longer than the Civic, which is 2720mm, but the interior space is obviously better than the Civic. Because the size of Shi Yun is smaller than the smallest MPV, the whole vehicle looks very compact.

SMPV has been "making a good impression" in the domestic market. With Jed’s suspension of production, this model has gradually withdrawn from our sight, and I really feel sorry for our automobile market.

On July 11th, the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) announced the list of A-level enterprises whose business performance was evaluated by the heads of central enterprises in 2016.

The "State-owned Assets Report" reporter noted that there were 51 A-level enterprises in 2016, accounting for half of the total number of central enterprises, and the proportion reached the highest in history. In 2015, among the 106 central enterprises, there were 46 A-level enterprises. Among the 179 central enterprises in 2004, there were only 25 A-level central enterprises. See Table 1 for details:

As can be seen from the table, due to the fluctuation of the economic situation, the number of A-level central enterprises decreased significantly in 2008, and also decreased slightly in 2012 and 2014. But overall, the proportion of A-level central enterprises is increasing year by year.

In addition, in 2016, there were 42 B-level central enterprises, and the proportion of A and B enterprises was around 90%. There are 9 C-level central enterprises and no D-level central enterprises.

These two changes can be explained from the side, since the establishment of the State Council SASAC, the development quality of central enterprises has improved steadily, the management level has improved obviously, and a team of enterprises that can represent the country to participate in international competition has gradually taken shape.

Enterprises in the military, energy and construction industries account for a relatively high proportion.

From the perspective of industry distribution, among the A-level central enterprises in 2016, a large number of enterprises were selected in the military, energy and construction industries.

Of the 11 military enterprises, except China Hangfa, which was just established and did not participate in this appraisal, eight were selected, including aerospace science and technology and aerospace science and technology, while China Nuclear Construction and China Shipbuilding Industry were not selected.

There are the largest number of energy central enterprises, including State Grid, China Southern Power Grid, five major power enterprises, Three Gorges Group, and three barrels of oil, Shenhua, China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation and China Aviation Oil, which belong to energy enterprises in a broad sense. Among them, China Huaneng ranked 51st.

Of course, this may be related to the large number of these two types of enterprises. However, judging from the proportion of selected enterprises, these two types of enterprises are still the echelon that can produce the best students.

However, you don’t have to work hard the day after tomorrow if you are born well. In the past 13 years, the energy industry has experienced many vicissitudes, and many enterprises have been in and out. Only the State Grid has never faded out.

In recent years, infrastructure construction in China has blossomed everywhere, which has also promoted the rapid development of central enterprises in construction. China Construction, China Communications Group, China Railway Construction, China Railway and China Power Construction were all selected as this year’s A-level enterprises.

Among the three major telecom operators, China Mobile and China Telecom were selected. Among them, China Mobile was the profit champion of central enterprises in 2016, while A-level central enterprises ranked third.

Looking through the list of A-level central enterprises over the years, we can see that China Mobile has always been in the top position, ranking first in 2008, 2010 and 2011, ranking last in 2004 (19th), and most of other years are among the top three.

In the past 13 years, the same ranking has been the State Grid.

Among the selected enterprises this year, the smallest one may be Wuhan Academy of Posts and Telecommunications, a scientific research institute. This is also the only state-owned enterprise selected as a research institute.

Among the selected enterprises, China General Technology (Group) Holding Co., Ltd. has the longest name. This is also one of the most low-key central enterprises.

Most newly reorganized central enterprises were selected.

In the past two years, the restructuring between central enterprises has continued. What is the effect of restructuring? Some clues can also be seen in this year’s list of A-level central enterprises.

Enterprises reorganized in recent two years, such as SINOMACH, COSCO Shipping, COFCO, China Baowu, China Power Investment Corporation and China Building Materials, are all on this list.

Affected by the overcapacity in the steel industry, WISCO bid farewell to A-level central enterprises after 2007, and then it was difficult to operate for years. In 2015, Baosteel Group, which was selected as an A-level enterprise for many years, also fell out of the list. China Baowu lost more than 10 billion yuan before its establishment.

By the end of 2016, China Baowu achieved a profit of 7.02 billion yuan and re-entered the list of A-level central enterprises. In the first half of 2017, the company’s profit has reached 8.66 billion yuan, an increase of nearly 100%.

The experience of COSCO Shipping is similar to this. From 2004 to 2007, COSCO Group was selected for four consecutive years, among which three years ranked among the top ten. During this period, China Shipping Group also made the list three times. After 2008, influenced by many factors, COSCO Group suffered huge losses. Except for a short recovery in 2010 and entering 28 A-level central enterprises, it has disappeared from the list.

After the merger in early 2016, COSCO Shipping entered a new era, with a profit of 16 billion yuan in that year, and returned to the list of A-level central enterprises that have been away for many years, ranking 37. In the first half of 2017, the profit exceeded 10 billion yuan. If there are no accidents, its ranking among A-level central enterprises will continue to improve in 2017.

China CRRC, which reorganized relatively early, ranked eighth among A-level enterprises in 2016.

It can be seen that for industries with overcapacity or export-oriented industries, restructuring and integration are indeed conducive to the steady improvement of the strength of central enterprises.

The change of A-level list witnessed the structural adjustment and the development level of central enterprises improved.

In the 13 years since SASAC began to assess central enterprises, China’s economy has experienced great changes from high-speed growth to short-term decline during the world financial crisis, and then to the new economic normal, and China’s economic structure has also undergone earth-shaking changes.

The fate of the central enterprises mainly distributed in the real economy has also changed greatly in this process. The list of A-level central enterprises in the past 13 years has become the epitome of this change.

The reporters of State-owned Assets Report found that before 2012, China Petrochemical had been ranked among the top three A-level central enterprises for 8 years. China Petroleum has accumulated for seven years. Among them, China Petroleum did not enter the A-level central enterprises in 2005, and the two enterprises ranked lower in 2008. Since 2013, China Petrochemical has not entered the top ten.

In contrast, China CNOOC ranked second in 2010 and 2011, and ranked first in 2013 and 2014. In 2015 and 2016, it fell to 21 and 40 respectively.

Before 2007, WISCO and Angang were listed four times respectively, and now Angang has disappeared for many years; After the reorganization of WISCO and Baosteel, it appeared in this list again.

Chinalco, which belongs to the metallurgical industry, was listed four times before 2008, ranking the top five. Has not yet returned.

On the contrary, China Merchants and SDIC, which have been A-level for 13 years in a row, were not ranked high in the initial stage of assessment, but their performance was very stable. In the latest assessment, they both ranked among the top ten.

From Table 2, it is not difficult to find that the top ten A-level central enterprises in 2004, except military enterprises, are basically concentrated in areas with heavy assets and strong dependence on resources such as oil, coal and metallurgy.

The top ten in 2016 included two central military enterprises; Three central enterprises with diversified industries and typical characteristics of investment companies (China Merchants, SDIC and China Resources); As well as power grid, communication, equipment manufacturing and a construction central enterprise.

It is worth mentioning that most of today’s national business cards are produced by these 10 central enterprises. For example, China CRRC’s high-speed rail; Smart grid of State Grid; Manned space series products; 5G technology and so on.

The investment ability and level of China Merchants and SDIC, as well as their performance in the new round of state-owned enterprise reform, have also made them important targets for many enterprises to learn and become model enterprises in the pilot process of SASAC Capital Investment Company.

It can be seen that innovation ability and transformation consciousness have become the most important characteristics of today’s A-level enterprises.

Eight central enterprises have been awarded Grade A for 13 consecutive years, and the incentive effect is obvious.

In the past 13 years since the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) assessed central enterprises, eight central enterprises have successively obtained A-level. They are Aerospace Science and Technology, Ordnance Industry, China Electric Branch, State Grid, CNOOC, China Mobile, China Merchants Group and SDIC.

No matter how the market ups and downs, these enterprises have always maintained a good momentum of development, and there have been no major accidents, whether safety accidents or other problems.

Among the 8 13A central enterprises, there are 3 military central enterprises, and others are distributed in different industries. In terms of scale, except for the total revenue of SDIC, which is less than 100 billion yuan, others are big. However, the profit margin of SDIC is very impressive: in 2016, the revenue was 98.4 billion yuan and the profit was 18 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9%; The economic added value was 6.1 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 20%.

Except China Merchants and SDIC, the other six 13A enterprises are all members of the world’s top 500, and their rankings are relatively high.

According to the size of China Merchants, it can get a good ranking among the world’s top 500, but because its holding China Merchants Bank participated in the ranking of the world’s top 500, China Merchants did not participate in this selection. According to the previous statement, China Merchants intends to build itself into the cradle of "the world’s top 500".

In this year’s list of A-level central enterprises, the top seven are all 13A central enterprises except China Resources. In addition, the weapon industry of central enterprises in 13A ranks 17th, while CNOOC ranks 40th, which is significantly lower than previous years.

For this achievement, the leaders of relevant central enterprises and their cadres and workers attach great importance to it.

The reporter of "State-owned Assets Report" learned that on the 6th day after the announcement of the grade A of the 13th Company, China Electric Power Department held a working meeting to summarize the grade, analyze the situation and deploy tasks. Xiong Qunli, chairman of China Electric Power Branch, said that the honor of "13 Company A" is hard-won and precious, which is the affirmation of the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission on China Electric Power Branch’s unremitting efforts in the fields of national defense modernization and national economic informatization construction in recent years, and also the result of the hard work of the cadres and employees under the strong leadership of the party group of the group company.

Wang Huisheng, chairman and party secretary of SDIC, said that SDIC people were not complacent in the face of honor, tireless in the face of achievements, and not discouraged in the face of difficulties before they won this honor. At the same time, he reminded that "born in sorrow, died in happiness." Wang Huisheng demanded that we should not be arrogant and impetuous in the face of achievements, and continue to "keep the vigor of being brave in reform, persist in the spirit of constant innovation, uphold the courage of breaking the old and creating new ones, and carry forward the upright spirit of being clean and honest" and "keep the original heart unchanged and move forward with determination".

What are the reasons why a group of central enterprises have the genes of lasting success?

In this year’s list of A-level central enterprises, several of them are accumulated for 12 years. For example, CNNC is A-level every year except in 2004; China Resources lost the election once in 2013; CCCC was reorganized and established in 2005, and did not participate in the first selection.

Guodian Group was also selected as A-level central enterprises for a total of 12 years-2008. Due to the influence of the big environment, the top five power generation companies collectively fell out of the list.

Therefore, in order to avoid the impact of accidental factors on the assessment results, the SASAC also carried out a three-year term assessment, which can be simply understood as taking the three-year average assessment. As of 2016, there were four term assessments. Eighteen state-owned enterprises have been awarded Grade A for four consecutive terms. In addition to the above eight, there are also China National Nuclear Corporation, AVIC, CSIC, China Petroleum, China Petrochemical, China Construction, Guodian Group, Huaneng Group, China Resources Group and China Communications Group.

These 18 central enterprises can be called the top students who play a stable role in the team of central enterprises, and they have fully possessed the genes of long-lasting foundation.

In addition, the reporter found that the central enterprises that have been listed for more than 10 times include Shenhua Group (11 times), China Southern Power Grid (11 times), weapons and equipment (11 times), aerospace science and technology (10 times) and Three Gorges Group (10 times).

Of course, in addition, some central enterprises failed to participate in the evaluation of A-level central enterprises in previous years because of their late establishment or late transfer to SASAC. But in fact, they are also fully capable of competing with these 18 central enterprises.

Among these 18 central enterprises, except CCCC, which is the main person in charge of the management of SASAC, the other 17 are the central enterprises which are the main person in charge of the management of the Central Organization Department, that is, the so-called "deputy ministerial level" central enterprises. Including those who have been more than 10 times in a row, most of them are central enterprises of this camp.

The above-mentioned central enterprises, which have the genes of lasting success, are distributed in the fields of military industry, energy, construction, investment and so on. How did they sit on the Diaoyutai steadily in the ups and downs?

The sentiments of various central enterprises may be different. However, among the 13A central enterprises, the experiences of SDIC and China Merchants are worth mentioning.

As two central enterprises based on fully competitive industries, these two enterprises were basically located at the end of the A-level central enterprise team at the initial stage of the assessment of the SASAC. However, in recent years, these two enterprises have always maintained a high-speed development trend, ranking forward among A-level central enterprises. This year, they have both ranked among the top ten.

First of all, it was not a day’s work to achieve this achievement. Wang Huisheng analyzed that this is inseparable from the continuous accumulation since the establishment of SDIC and the long-term efforts of a group of veteran comrades of SDIC.

"Secondly, SDIC has never been complacent and has always been unable to find enough." Wang Huisheng said that in practice, it should benefit from the four concepts that SDIC has always adhered to: advanced strategy, effective management, reasonable structure and people-oriented. "Being ahead of strategy is what I am most proud of. Most of the grand strategies of SDIC in these years coincide with the requirements of the state "(for details, see the cover report of the 12 th issue of the State-owned Assets Report in 2016).

Li Jianhong, Chairman of China Merchants Group, learned from steady and balanced development. "The ship of China Merchants is getting bigger and bigger, with large volume, great influence and great inertia. To drive this ship, we must first be stable." "Doing a good job in risk control is more important than making money in the short term".

Li Xiaopeng, general manager of China Merchants, added, "We must never lose the fundamentals of internal management in the rapid development."

The reporter of "State-owned Assets Report" learned that for more than a decade, China Merchants has always strictly controlled the debt ratio, and determined that the overall debt should not exceed 60% and the interest-bearing debt ratio should not exceed 40% (the "State-owned Assets Report" will launch an in-depth report in the near future to reveal the legend of China Merchants).

Be steady and far-reaching It is this kind of risk awareness of treading on thin ice and approaching the abyss that has enabled SDIC and China Merchants to maintain a strong determination in the face of various challenges, and enterprises have always been driving on a healthy channel.

Of course, only risk awareness is far from making the enterprise last forever. The enterprising spirit and ability of reform and innovation are also very important.

Take China Electric Power Branch as an example. This military central enterprise, which is relatively unfamiliar to the public, has continuously promoted the transformation of its thinking mode, organization mode and working mode for many years, and has formed five major formats: military electronics, civilian products industry, international operation, scientific and technological innovation, asset management and capital operation, and its total profit ranks in the forefront of military central enterprises.

On this basis, Xiong Qunli put forward that "innovation is the source power and survival way of the development of China Electric Power Department, and only by continuously deepening reform can we continuously stimulate our own vitality." He believes that only by persisting in reform and innovation can we "ensure that we will continue to obtain A-level unshakable in the performance evaluation of central enterprises of SASAC".

Of course, there are many reasons for the success of enterprises with a long history, and it is difficult to describe them in a few words. To this end, the "State-owned Assets Report" will successively launch a series of reports on the "evergreen foundation" of central enterprises, so please pay attention. (State-owned assets reporter Liu Qingshan)

　　On September 15th, Jinan Housing Provident Fund Center issued a new policy. Employees who paid the housing provident fund in the headquarters of Jinan Housing Provident Fund Center can buy new commercial housing or stock housing in the administrative area of Jinan, and my spouse and I can apply for withdrawing the housing provident fund to pay the down payment. The policy will take effect immediately.

　　Optimistic about the applicable area: the down payment for second-hand houses is limited to the main city.

　　The policy stipulates that new commercial housing should be purchased in Lixia District, Shizhong District, Huaiyin District, tianqiao district, Licheng District, Changqing District, Zhangqiu District, Jiyang District, Laiwu District and Gangcheng District of this city; Employees and their spouses who have paid in the headquarters to buy existing housing in Lixia District, Shizhong District, Huaiyin District, tianqiao district City, Licheng District and Changqing District of this Municipality may apply for transferring the balance of individual housing provident fund account to the supervision account to pay the down payment for house purchase. Employees whose purchased houses are not in the above-mentioned areas or who have not applied for transferring the balance of individual housing provident fund account to the supervision account to pay the down payment can apply for withdrawal of individual housing provident fund after the online signing of new commercial housing or the transfer of stock housing transactions, and the withdrawal amount shall not exceed the down payment of purchased houses.

　　Look at the handling conditions: the process of buying houses with different properties is different.

　　In order to ensure the safety of funds, the application for the down payment business of provident fund needs to be handled at the scene with the identity certificate, and both husband and wife should apply at the same time.

　　Among them, for the purchase of newly-built pre-sale commercial housing, the purchaser will sign the Letter of Commitment on Authorization for Withdrawing Housing Provident Fund to Pay the Down Payment of House Purchase at the service hall window of the Provident Fund Center with the Confirmation Sheet of Jinan Commercial Housing Pre-sale Fund Deposit Information (provided by real estate development enterprises). If the spouse of the purchaser applies, it is necessary to provide proof of marriage relationship to apply at the scene. Applicants are required to complete the online signing formalities with the Housing Provident Fund Payment Certificate to the real estate development enterprise within 3 working days. After obtaining the online signing information, the provident fund center will transfer the withdrawal amount to the special account for the supervision of pre-sale funds of commercial housing in this project.

　　When purchasing a newly-built commodity house for sale, the purchaser and the real estate development enterprise shall sign an online contract to Jinan Real Estate Transaction and Leasing Service Center (hereinafter referred to as the "Real Estate Transaction Center") to handle the fund supervision business, and sign the "Authorization Commitment for Withdrawing Housing Provident Fund to Pay the Down Payment for House Purchase" on the spot. If the spouse of the purchaser applies, it is necessary to provide proof of marriage relationship to apply at the scene. The real estate transaction center will push the relevant information of the applicant to the provident fund center. The Provident Fund Center shall review and approve the withdrawal qualification and withdrawal amount within 1 working day after receiving the push information. If there is no mistake in the review, the withdrawal amount shall be immediately transferred to the special account for the supervision of the stock room funds of the real estate trading center. Within 1 working day after the withdrawal amount is deposited in the supervision account, the real estate trading center completes the transfer of funds to the real estate development enterprise.

　　For the purchase of stock housing, both parties to the transaction go to the real estate trading center to handle online signing and fund supervision business, and sign the "Commitment Letter of Authorization for Withdrawing Housing Provident Fund to Pay the Down Payment for House Purchase" on the spot. If the spouse of the purchaser applies, it is necessary to provide proof of marriage relationship to apply at the scene. The real estate transaction center will push the relevant information of the applicant to the provident fund center. The Provident Fund Center shall review and approve the withdrawal qualification and withdrawal amount within 1 working day after receiving the push information. If there is no mistake in the review, the withdrawal amount shall be immediately transferred to the special account for the supervision of the stock room funds of the real estate trading center. Within 1 working day after the parties to the transaction complete the registration of real estate, the real estate trading center completes the transfer of funds to the seller.

　　Optimistic about restrictive conditions: personal loan rate ≥ Suspend extraction at 90%

　　According to the policy, in order to prevent the liquidity risk of housing provident fund, the down payment business of housing provident fund is dynamically managed according to the real-time situation of the personal housing loan rate of the headquarters of the provident fund center (hereinafter referred to as "personal loan rate", which refers to the ratio of the balance of personal housing provident fund loans to the balance of housing provident fund deposits), and the personal loan rate is regularly published on the official website of Jinan Housing Provident Fund. When the personal loan rate is below 90%, the business specified in these rules will be accepted normally; When the personal loan rate is higher than 90% (inclusive), the business specified in these rules will be suspended.

　　The policy stipulates that each house can withdraw the balance of the housing provident fund account once to pay the down payment for buying a house. Eligible buyers and their spouses shall jointly submit an application at one time, and the total withdrawal amount shall not exceed the down payment amount stipulated in the online signing contract. If the withdrawal amount is less than the down payment amount stipulated in the online signing contract, the remaining part shall be filled by the buyers themselves.

　　For employees who have paid the down payment for the provident fund, they can apply for housing provident fund loans if they meet the conditions for housing provident fund loans. The down payment amount of provident fund can be combined with the balance of individual housing provident fund account to calculate the amount of provident fund loan. Employees who have paid the down payment from provident fund can no longer apply for withdrawal of housing provident fund according to the conditions of purchasing this property.

　　For the cancellation or change of the online signing contract, the down payment paid by the purchaser’s provident fund shall be returned to the Jinan Housing Provident Fund Center account and re-included in the individual housing provident fund account. (Jinan Times New Yellow River Client Reporter Luo Xiaofei)

　　Memorabilia of Jinan Provident Fund Policy Adjustment in Recent 2 Years

　　On May 23, 2022, the amount of public loan for the first home was increased.

　　The maximum loan amount for a family with one person contributing to the provident fund is raised from 300,000 yuan to 350,000 yuan.

　　The maximum loan amount for families with two or more people contributing to the provident fund will be raised from 600,000 yuan to 700,000 yuan.

　　On May 24, 2022, the "house recognition and loan recognition" was cancelled.

　　The first suite identification standard was changed from no housing and no housing loan record in this city to no housing in this city.

　　The down payment ratio of public loans for the first home of non-local registered families was adjusted from 60% to 30%.

　　On August 15, 2022, the down payment ratio of the second home public loan was lowered.

　　The minimum down payment ratio is adjusted from 60% to 40%, which is consistent with commercial loans.

　　On October 1, 2022, the interest rate of the first home public loan was lowered.

　　The interest rate of the first home public loan was lowered by 0.15 percentage points, and the interest rates for less than 5 years (including 5 years) and more than 5 years were adjusted to 2.6% and 3.1% respectively.

　　The interest rate of the second home public loan remains unchanged, and the interest rates for less than 5 years (including 5 years) and more than 5 years are not less than 3.025% and 3.575% respectively.

　　On November 12, 2022, the amount of public loan for the first home was increased again.

　　The maximum loan amount for a family with one person contributing to the provident fund is raised from 350,000 yuan to 500,000 yuan.

　　The maximum loan amount for families with two or more people contributing to the provident fund will be raised from 700,000 yuan to 800,000 yuan.

　　On January 10, 2023, the amount of public loans for families with many children increased.

　　When a two-child family buys the first suite, one person can borrow up to 600,000 yuan from the provident fund, and two or more people can borrow up to 900,000 yuan from the provident fund.

　　When a family with three children or more buys the first suite, one person can borrow up to 600,000 yuan from the provident fund, and two or more people can borrow up to 1 million yuan from the provident fund.

　　On July 6, 2023, the amount of public loans for college graduates increased.

　　College graduates leave for employment and start businesses, pay the housing provident fund for three months before the end of the graduation year, and buy the first suite within five years of graduation. The first public loan amount can be increased by up to 200,000 yuan on the basis of the actual loanable amount.

　　(Zheng Chuqiao finishing)

　　The large-scale fire fighting/water rescue amphibious aircraft AG600 was assembled and rolled off in Zhuhai a few days ago. This is another major achievement made by China in the field of large aircraft. Every breakthrough of "Made in China" is a powerful annotation of China’s economy. Xinhua news agency

　　[Economic Interface, Building a Modern Economic System]

　　Manufacturing is the main body of the real economy and the foundation of the construction of a modern economic system. How to allocate more financial resources to the key areas and weak links of manufacturing development in accordance with the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, promote the transformation from China manufacturing to China creation, from China speed to China quality, and from a manufacturing power to a manufacturing power, are major issues facing China’s high-quality economic development in the new era.

　　Finance is the lifeblood of modern economy, and smooth finance leads to substantial prosperity. Finance supports the construction of manufacturing power, on the one hand, it needs finance to return to its origin and enhance the ability to serve the development of manufacturing industry; On the other hand, it is also necessary to actively create conditions to provide guarantee support for financial reform and innovation.

　　1. What is the root cause?

　　Financing is difficult and expensive for manufacturing industry.

　　[status quo]

　　Data show that from 2006— In the decade of 2016, the proportion of loans in China’s manufacturing industry dropped from 25% to 16.2%. Affected by this, the growth rate of China’s manufacturing investment continued to decline from 2012 to 4.2% in 2016, and it decreased by 27.4 percentage points in five years, which lasted for a long time and the decline was unprecedented. Although it stopped falling and rebounded in 2017, it was only 4.8%.

　　Financing is difficult and expensive, which is a prominent problem in the development of China’s manufacturing industry in recent years.

　　2006— In the decade of 2016, the proportion of loans in China’s manufacturing industry dropped from 25% to 16.2%. Affected by this, the growth rate of China’s manufacturing investment has continued to decline since 2012. Investment is not only related to the current economic growth, but also to the cultivation and generation of new kinetic energy, which plays a key role in optimizing the supply structure. The weak investment has seriously restricted the optimization and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry.

　　The formation of this problem is first related to the inadaptability of China’s manufacturing development under the new normal, and also reflects the inadaptability of China’s financial structure. For a long time, the development of China’s manufacturing industry has a remarkable "speed-benefit" feature, the economic growth has reached more than 10%, and all industries, trades and enterprises will make profits; Once the economic growth is lower than 8%, many industries will suffer industry-wide losses. With China’s economic development entering a new normal, the growth rate has shifted from high-speed growth of about 10% to medium-high-speed growth of about 7%, and the efficiency of enterprises has begun to decline continuously. The research shows that the average return on equity of China’s A-share non-financial listed companies has been declining since 2010, from 12.9% to 6.8% in 2015, while the weighted average asset-liability ratio has increased from 58.2% in 2010 to 60.1% in 2015. In 2016, the leverage ratio of the enterprise sector was still as high as 165%, far higher than the international warning line of 90%.

　　From the perspective of financial structure, bank loans, bonds and stocks currently account for more than 80% of the financing amount of the real economy. These three financing methods all have typical procyclical characteristics. When the economic situation is good, the benefits of enterprises are good, banks are willing to lend, and it is easier to issue bonds and stocks; The economic situation is not good, and the efficiency of enterprises is declining. For the sake of risk prevention and control, banks will be reluctant to lend, suppress loans or even cut off loans, and it is difficult to issue bonds and stocks. Before 2012, this financing method will not have much problem for the investment development of enterprises, because the economic growth rate has decreased, but it is a short-term fluctuation in high-speed growth, and it will soon resume high-speed growth. In other words, China’s financial structure based on bank loans is more suitable for the previous high-speed growth stage. Facing the requirements of high-quality development in the new era, it also needs reform, optimization and innovative development.

　　Revitalizing manufacturing industry, especially advanced manufacturing industry, is the key to realize a virtuous circle of economy in the short term and the lifeline of national economy in the long term. Finance is the lifeblood of modern economy, and smooth finance leads to substantial prosperity. Facing the inevitable requirement of China’s economic development in the new era and the fierce competition in the world, we must focus on eliminating the financing constraints of manufacturing development, guide and promote finance to improve the efficiency and level of service manufacturing development, and accelerate the construction of a manufacturing power.

　　2. How to support it

　　Create new demands of powerful countries for financial development.

　　[trend]

　　The development of China’s manufacturing industry in the new era requires not only effective financing support from finance, but also a series of service solutions including consulting, investment and financial management, so as to realize the transformation from "financing" to "integrating wisdom".

　　At present, the scale of China’s manufacturing industry has been ranked first in the world for seven consecutive years, but the problems of insufficient development imbalance such as key core technologies being controlled by people and lack of world-renowned brands are still very prominent. We must implement the innovation-driven development strategy with greater efforts, accelerate the development of advanced manufacturing industries, support the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries, and promote quality change, efficiency change and power change.

　　Different development needs different financial support. First, we should vigorously implement differentiated credit policies. At present, bank credit funds account for more than 2/3 of China’s real economy financing. In accordance with the requirements of supply-side structural reform, we should improve and optimize credit conditions, support the manufacturing industry to increase varieties, improve quality and create brands, actively resolve excess production capacity, eliminate backward production capacity, and give full play to the role of finance in promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure. At the same time, we should vigorously develop small and medium-sized banks and private financial institutions. It is strictly forbidden for bank funds to enter the stock market and real estate market for speculation and so-called innovation that is divorced from the real economy. In fact, after World War II, Germany and Japan also experienced a situation similar to today’s China. In order to accelerate the upgrading and development of manufacturing industry, both governments have adopted structural credit support policies.

　　Second, vigorously develop industrial chain finance, financial leasing and other financial services that are directly integrated with the industry. Industrial chain finance is a service model that financial institutions rely on the core enterprises in the industrial chain to provide comprehensive solutions for all enterprises in the industrial chain. Compared with bank loans, it is more service-oriented and targeted. However, financial leasing integrates financing and material integration, and reduces the pressure of one-time payment of funds, which provides an effective way for enterprises to upgrade their technical equipment. In 1950s and 1960s, the United States upgraded its technical equipment in this way. At present, the penetration rate of financial leasing in developed countries such as the United States and Britain remains above 50%, while China has not yet reached 5%, and there is still much room for improvement.

　　Third, actively develop venture capital (VC), private equity funds (PE) and other financing products, and explore service modes such as equity pledge loans and investment-loan linkage to provide long-term and stable financial support for the innovation and development of manufacturing industry. VC is future-oriented, and values the potential and benefits of the future development of enterprises. It does not require the past operating conditions, nor does it require enterprises to provide financing mortgages. PE is a combination of financing and financing, which not only provides capital support for enterprise development, but also provides all-round value-added services for enterprises, such as coordinating the relationship between enterprises and other enterprises in the industry, expanding procurement or sales channels, improving governance structure, etc. It is a capital that can span the economic cycle and is intellectual capital. VC and PE still have great development potential in China.

　　Fourth, efforts should be made to provide specialized comprehensive financial services for enterprises to "go global". The "Belt and Road" construction is an important measure for China to implement all-round opening up in the new era. As an important part and implementer of this strategy, it is inevitable for the manufacturing industry to "go global". However, the economic development level of the 65 countries along the "Belt and Road" is uneven, and the social system is very different. Relevant research shows that in 33 countries, the proportion of stock transactions to GDP is less than 10%, and direct financing is almost lacking; There are 24 countries with higher real interest rates than China, and the credit supply is seriously insufficient. Faced with this situation, we must coordinate financial support methods such as policy banks and commercial banks, banks and non-banks, financial innovation and institutional mechanism reform, and strive to provide professional, personalized and diversified financial support for the manufacturing industry to "go global".

　　3. Explore practice

　　Realize the benign interaction between finance and manufacturing industry

　　[deployment]

　　In order to promote the benign interaction and coordinated development between finance and manufacturing, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, the People’s Bank of China, the China Banking Regulatory Commission, the China Securities Regulatory Commission and the China Insurance Regulatory Commission have jointly issued and implemented a series of policies and measures since 2016, and conducted exploration and practice of industrial and financial cooperation.

　　Finance is related to the overall economic and social development and has its own development laws and requirements. Finance supports the construction of manufacturing power, on the one hand, it needs finance to return to its origin and enhance the ability to serve the development of manufacturing industry; On the other hand, it is also necessary to actively create conditions to provide guarantee support for financial reform and innovation.

　　The General Office of the State Council clearly stated in the Notice on Establishing the Made in China 2025 National Demonstration Zone (Guo Ban Fa [2017] No.90) that it is necessary to "actively promote the integration of industry and finance, establish an industry-finance information docking platform, innovate financial support methods, and enhance the ability and efficiency of financial support for manufacturing development". The so-called integration of production and operation refers to the institutional innovation practice carried out by government departments, financial institutions and industrial enterprises to improve the efficiency and level of financial service manufacturing. Among them, government departments mainly build platforms and mechanisms for the interaction and cooperation between financial institutions and industrial enterprises, and at the same time, make necessary improvements and reforms to relevant policies and regulations and institutional mechanisms, support the market to play a leading role in the allocation of financial resources, and do not interfere in the business decisions of financial institutions and manufacturing enterprises.

　　The integration of production and operation has been highly recognized and actively participated by all parties concerned for more than a year, and remarkable results have been achieved. Taking the docking between banks and enterprises as an example, according to incomplete statistics, as of December 2017, more than 5,000 banking institutions involved in the integration of production and operation have actually issued loans of more than 3 trillion yuan to more than 95,000 enterprises. The root of this achievement lies in the fact that the integration of industry and finance has realized the communication and interaction between financial institutions and industrial enterprises at the macro and micro levels by establishing the coordination mechanism of industrial and financial information docking and direct docking between banks and enterprises, and solved the information asymmetry problem of all parties; By means of financial discount, reward, compensation and shareholding, the problem that financial departments are unwilling to invest and enterprises cannot afford to invest has been solved; It provides an effective way to actively and steadily promote financial reform through pilot projects and gradual advancement.

　　At present, the integration of industry and production is just the beginning. In the next step, we will focus on the following six aspects: First, make full use of big data, cloud computing and other information technology means to establish more convenient, fast and efficient information communication channels; The second is to expand the field of production-integration, support enterprises to effectively use the capital market to optimize the industrial organization structure and industry layout, encourage financial institutions to innovate services and support enterprises to "go global"; Third, give full play to the leverage guiding role of financial funds and drive financial capital to support the development of strategic, basic and leading industries; Fourth, encourage financial innovation products and services, and support the construction of the Made in China 2025 National Demonstration Zone; Fifth, evaluate and summarize the situation of industrial integration in pilot cities, put forward reform suggestions, and promote the reform of financial system and mechanism; The sixth is to promote enterprises to incorporate the content of production integration into strategic planning and management process reengineering, build industrial culture in the new period and enhance the soft power of enterprises.

　　 (Author: Wang Xinzhe, chief economist of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology)

The process of investigation and research is the process of scientific decision-making.

Investigation and study is a process of understanding the situation. People’s correct ideas do not fall from the sky, are not inherent in their minds, but come from practice. Eating steamed buns chewed by others is tasteless. If you want to know the taste of pears, you have to change them and eat them yourself. No matter making or implementing decisions, it is inseparable from investigation and research. Only through investigation and study can we understand the actual situation, sum up grass-roots experience, create conditions for making correct decisions, and provide first-hand materials for checking the deviation of decisions and problems in the implementation process. At the same time, in the investigation and study, cadres can be assessed, their ideological level, work ability and work style can be understood on the spot, talents can be found, and cadres can be used well.

Investigation and research is a process of promoting work. After a decision is made, it is impossible to rely solely on meeting to meeting and document to document, nor can it solve the problem. Leading cadres should demonstrate their style of work, help and guide them in methods, and pay attention to supervision in implementation. They must sink in and strengthen investigation and research. By creating a certain supervision atmosphere, the momentum of promoting the work is formed, by cultivating and summarizing advanced models, the overall situation is promoted, and the rectification is urged through inspection and criticism, so that everyone has pressure, motivation and vitality.

Investigation and research is a process of connecting with the masses and doing things for the people. By going deep into the grass roots, the reality and the masses, we can understand what the masses are thinking, what they are looking forward to and what our Party committee and government need most. Thus, our various decisions and work arrangements will focus on the wisdom of the people, reflect the public opinion, reflect the people’s feelings, do one thing, win the hearts of the people, and truly achieve the relationship between the people, benefit the people, and use the power for the people.

Investigation and research is also a process of self-learning and improvement. The people are real heroes, while we ourselves are often naive and ridiculous. Since the reform and opening up, the great achievements of Zhejiang’s economic and social development have been created by the people of Zhejiang, and the major decisions made by previous provincial party committees and governments have also come from the vivid practice of the grassroots and the masses. Therefore, in the investigation and study, we should be sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions, humbly ask for advice, be students of the masses and be friends of the masses.

It is very important to learn to do research. Leading cadres should be immersed in their hearts and not be confused by superficial phenomena; It is necessary to comprehensively analyze the situation, see the whole leopard at a glance, and don’t touch the elephant by the blind; You should arrive without pomp, and don’t bluff and cause disturbance to the people. With more investigation and research, the grass-roots units will run around, run deep and thoroughly, and our skills will increase, our understanding will leap forward and our work will be better.

[Excerpt from the speech made during the investigation in Fuyang on April 9, 2004]

Comrade Chen Yun once said: "When leading organs formulate policies, they should spend more than 90% of their time on investigation and research, and less than 10% of their time on final discussion and decision." He added: "One-sidedness always comes from being busy making policy decisions without studying the actual situation." Why are some of our current decisions not targeted and operable? In the final analysis, the root is that there is a little less investigation and research. "The situation is unclear and the determination is great, and there are countless ideas in my heart."

The correct decision can never be made by one person or a group of people sitting in the house and thinking hard without investigation and research. It can only be produced in the reality of the people’s reform and development. Before making decisions on major issues, our leading cadres must have the determination to keep their eyes down and the spirit of being a pupil, take a step, go out of the yard, go to the workshop dock, go to the fields, conduct field research, communicate and discuss with people from all walks of life who really understand the truth, and obtain authentic, reliable, solid and effective research results through "exchange, comparison and repetition" so as to get correct conclusions. Investigation and research are like "pregnancy in October", and decision-making is like "delivery once". The process of investigation and research is the process of scientific decision-making, and it must not be omitted or sloppy.

[Excerpted from the column "Zhijiang Xinyu" in Zhejiang Daily on August 26th, 2005]

The research work should be "deep, practical, detailed, accurate and effective"

Investigation and research is an important way to keep close contact with the masses, and it is also a breakthrough point and an important link to strengthen the party’s style construction. Leading cadres at all levels in the province must maintain a pragmatic style in their investigation and research work, and strive to be deep, realistic, meticulous, accurate and effective. Seeking "depth" means going deep into the masses and grass roots, being good at making friends with workers, peasants, intellectuals and people from all walks of life, and solving problems in the fields, factories, mines, the masses and all social levels. Seeking "truth" means to be realistic in the style of investigation and research, to simplify official reception, not to be accompanied by layers, not to add extra burden to the grassroots, and to truly listen to the truth, touch the truth and do practical things. To be "detailed" means to listen carefully to the opinions of all parties, not only to the reports of cadres, but also to the reactions of the masses, to both positive and negative opinions, to analyze the problems in depth and to grasp the overall situation. Seeking "accuracy" means that the conclusions drawn from investigation and research should be scientific and accurate. We should not only understand the actual situation comprehensively and thoroughly, but also be good at analyzing contradictions and finding problems, seeing the essence through phenomena, grasping the regular things, and improving the scientific nature of the investigation conclusions. Seeking "effectiveness" means putting forward practical solutions to problems, formulating policies and measures with strong operability, and achieving practical results.

[Excerpt from a speech at the learning meeting of the theoretical learning center group of the provincial party committee on February 10, 2003]

Investigation is a science and an art. At present, we are in an information age, an open society and a stage of transformation in all aspects. To strengthen investigation and research work, we must actively explore the characteristics and laws of investigation and research work in the new period, strive to improve the universality of investigation and research objects, improve the pertinence of investigation and research contents, improve the scientificity of investigation and research methods, improve the effectiveness of investigation and research results, and constantly improve the quality and level of investigation and research work, so as to truly regard investigation and research as a process of understanding the situation, promoting work, connecting with the masses, doing things for the people and improving self-learning.

First, we should improve the universality of the research objects. Modern society is a diversified society. Due to the increasingly fine social division of labor, the differences in all aspects of society are increasingly prominent, and the development situation and focus of different departments and regions are different. In this case, on the one hand, the information needed by the Party committee and the government to make decisions has greatly increased, on the other hand, the representativeness of the local and individual has declined, which requires us to master as many situations as possible, be good at finding general rules from a large number of individual situations, and grasp objective things as a whole, so as to make correct decisions. In the past, there was a practice of crouching down for a week and a half, and typical investigation methods such as "dissecting sparrows" were widely used. This spirit should be studied and promoted, but now the pace of work is so fast, the information channels are so wide, the communication tools are so developed, and we have to take care of the situation on the surface. It is also necessary to improve the methods and means, and it is not appropriate to sell ourselves short. We should not only do a good job in typical investigation, but also pay attention to improving the universality of investigation and research objects. We should not cover the whole area with points, but only see trees and not forests. Comrade Mao Zedong attaches great importance to typical investigation and is an expert in conducting typical investigation, but he also cautiously sees that the application scope of typical investigation results is limited, and warns us not to be trapped in narrow empiricism. For leading cadres, especially provincial leading cadres, personal time and energy are limited, even if they spend more time on their own, it will inevitably have its limitations, and it is difficult to ensure that the objects of investigation and research are sufficiently extensive and representative.To solve this contradiction, it is necessary to give full play to the role of various localities and departments, especially the comprehensive research department, fully mobilize the research strength of all walks of life, make full use of modern information means, and achieve the combination of point and surface, up and down, internal and external, multi-level, multi-directional and multi-channel understanding of the situation, so that the decision-making has more factual basis. As the old saying goes, "A gentleman’s life is different, and goodness is false in things." This is the truth.

Second, we should improve the pertinence of investigation and research contents. Recently, in his important speech at the Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, General Secretary Hu Jintao explicitly asked us to "be brave in exploration, be brave in tackling difficulties, be good at innovation, analyze new situations, grasp new features and put forward new ideas, unswervingly implement the line, principles and policies of the Central Committee, and carry out work creatively in combination with reality, so as to constantly create a new situation in all work". To carry out this requirement, we must put targeted investigation and research in an important position. Practice shows that our investigation and research should focus on the central work, be close to reality, the masses and decision-making, be busy with ideas and seek for key points, and be targeted, get twice the result with half the effort and be fruitful. If you are away from the central work and the decision-making needs, the research effect will be greatly reduced. The current economic and social life is extremely complicated, so the policy research department should carry out investigation and study, and the countermeasures and suggestions put forward should not be vague and empty, but must be realistic, correct in thinking and specific in measures. In particular, under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development and the theory of building a harmonious socialist society, we should thoroughly study some new situations and problems in the practice of implementing the "Eighth Five-Year Plan", building a "peaceful Zhejiang" and a cultural province, and constantly put forward insights on "serving the symptoms". For most research results, improving pertinence means timeliness. For hot issues and important issues that leaders pay attention to, we must concentrate our efforts, respond quickly, investigate in time, and actively seek ideas, ideas, countermeasures, suggestions and solutions for leaders to meet their decision-making needs. "Writing at the right time, a word is worth a thousand dollars", and "being born at the right time" can be used for it. If times change and the focus of work shifts, the research results will be slowly produced, even if it is comprehensive, correct and profound, it will be too late to be of great use.

Third, we should improve the diversity of investigation and research methods. Our party has rich experience in investigation and research, and has formed many effective investigation and research methods in long-term practice, such as holding investigation meetings, seminars, visiting investigations, casing investigations, typical investigations, field visits, etc., which we should inherit and improve in the new period. At the same time, we must adapt to the new situation of economic and social development and change, be good at using scientific investigation methods, and comprehensively apply multidisciplinary theories such as economics, sociology, information theory, system theory and cybernetics to provide comprehensive, accurate and reliable information and data for correct decision-making. In concrete practice, we should adopt different investigation methods according to different investigation tasks and requirements, combine micro-investigation with macro-investigation, combine qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis, boldly innovate and take a multi-pronged approach to improve the efficiency of investigation work and the quality of investigation results.

Fourth, we should improve the effectiveness of the research results. The general investigation and research is to understand the facts of the basic level and enhance the feelings with the masses, but the policy research department requires a little higher, not only to focus on investigation, but also to focus on research. I once said that "the key is to be good at research after investigation, to be good at spying on the whole leopard when grasping the point, and to be able to see the micro-knowledge and comprehensive refining in the running." Comrades in the policy research department should have the sensitivity to grasp the key points and identify the typical ones, and carry forward the spirit of perseverance and inquiry. At the same time, the investigation and study of the policy research department is not pure theoretical research, but also different from the specific work deployment, but a countermeasure application research combining theory with practice, and it must be emphasized that "research is applied". As the saying goes, "words can carry the Tao, and use is the most expensive." Specifically, the topic of investigation must be closely related to the needs of practical work. The starting point is to provide necessary countermeasures and suggestions for the work of party committees and governments, and the foothold is to solve specific problems in economic and social life; The field of vision of research must be broad and open, not only to foresee the trend and the general trend, but also to see the signs and tendencies of "the wind rises at the end of Qingping"; The process of investigation must be a process of careful analysis and research, from the rough to the fine, from the false to the true, from the outside to the inside. It must be able to grasp the essence and crux of things, reflect the whole picture and characteristics of things, find effective ways and means to solve problems, and avoid superficial, subjective assumptions, isolated, static and one-sided observation and research; The suggestions formed by the investigation must take into account both needs and possibilities.Put forward practical and concrete measures. Some countermeasures and suggestions seem to be correct, but they can only be shelved because they are difficult to actually operate.

[Excerpt from a speech at the Policy Research Office of the Provincial Party Committee on November 2, 2005]

To engage in pilot projects, we should "boldly imagine and carefully verify"

In various reforms, we often adopt the pilot method and gain some experience before popularizing it. Since it is a pilot project, which has never been done before, we must have the spirit of "being the first in the world", emancipate our minds, boldly rush and try, and reform whatever is conducive to development; It is to go beyond the original system and fundamentally break through the shackles of development.

Do a good job in the pilot work, while "boldly imagining", but also "carefully verifying." We should pay attention to strategies and methods, and strive to follow suit. We should adhere to the point test, promote it on the surface, make it easy before it is difficult, make it shallow before it is deep, adjust measures to local conditions, do not make a one-size-fits-all approach, and do not seek quick march. In the first pilot, we should encourage success, tolerate failure, correct mistakes, and pay attention to protecting the enthusiasm of cadres and the masses for reform; In all-round promotion, we should lead the way with mature experience, avoid repetition, reduce mistakes and minimize the risks and costs of reform as much as possible. At the same time, we should pay attention to combining the strength of reform with the affordability of the people, strengthen ideological and political work, improve various supporting measures, be active and steady, and make overall plans to ensure the smooth progress of reform.

[Excerpted from the column "Zhijiang Xinyu" of Zhejiang Daily on September 10, 2003.Article]　

Calculate the "unbearable" "five insurances and one gold" account: in some places, the payment accounts for more than half of the salary. 

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 2 (Reporter Hua Yedi, Ding Wenjie) "Xiao Li, the manager of a restaurant in Changsha, has an average monthly salary of 2,500 yuan, and needs to pay 8% of old-age insurance, 2% of medical insurance, 1% of unemployment insurance and 12% of housing accumulation fund, totaling 575 yuan, and finally got 1,925 yuan";

"The monthly salary of Xiao Liu, a drugstore employee, is 3,932 yuan, the insurance premium paid by enterprises is 1,160 yuan, the insurance premium paid by individuals is 11% is 432.5 yuan, and the total insurance premium paid by enterprises and individuals is 1,592.5 yuan, which accounts for 40.5% of the salary, excluding the housing accumulation fund" …

These are two cases in a series of surveys on the wages of ordinary employees made by Xie Zilong, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman of Hunan People’s Pharmacy. "If 12% of the housing provident fund is added, the payment rate of’ five insurances and one fund’ of enterprises will reach 52.5%, accounting for more than half of the wages, which has become an unbearable burden for enterprises and employees."

    In many places, the payment ratio exceeds 50%

Representative Xie Zilong’s survey found that according to the relevant provisions of China’s social security policy, the proportion of five social security contributions (pension, medical care, unemployment, work-related injury and maternity) is 29.5% to 30% for enterprises, including 20% for pension, 6% for medical care, 2% for unemployment, 1% for work-related injury and 0.5%-1% for maternity, and individuals have accumulated to about 11%. Some areas even reach or even exceed 50% of wages. "

Even internationally, such a payment ratio is relatively high. According to the survey conducted by the representative of Xie Zilong, among the 125 countries in the world, only 11 countries have rates higher than 40%. Except for China, the other 10 countries are all European countries. The social security rates in China are higher than those in Germany and the United States, and also higher than those in Japan and South Korea in Asia.

    Low-income groups are "embarrassed and burdened"

What are the adverse consequences of the high payment ratio of "five insurances and one gold"? Deputy Xie Zilong analyzed that the most direct impact is that the disposable income of employees is greatly reduced, and the social security premium rate, which accounts for 40% to 50% of wages, can be used when buying a house, and a considerable proportion of wages are excluded from free use by social security.

Especially for working-class people who live only on wages, the pressure is great. According to the current relevant regulations in China, 60% to 300% of the average salary of the previous year is the payment base. This means that the average social wage increases, and the payment base will also rise. Xie Zilong quoted the data of Changsha Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security as saying that the minimum standard of social security payment base was 2,002 yuan in 2013, and it was raised to 2,195 yuan in 2014, an increase of nearly 10%. Even if the monthly salary is less than 2,000 yuan, enterprises and employees have to pay social security according to the lower limit of the payment base of 2,195 yuan, which leads to the actual salary falling instead of rising.

On the other hand, for enterprises, the high social security premium rate increases their operational difficulties and weakens their vitality. "This is more prominent in small and medium-sized enterprises, especially labor-intensive enterprises such as construction and service industries with more migrant workers." Taking a retail enterprise as an example, the representative of Xie Zilong said that from 2011 to 2013, the employees’ total contributions to "five insurances and one fund" were 36.77%, 45.06% and 32.74% of the annual net profit respectively.

Excessive social security burden of enterprises, in turn, hinders the growth of employees’ income and the improvement of welfare: salary increase is often restricted; Some enterprises, especially those that use a relatively high proportion of migrant workers, evade the responsibility of paying social security to employees by missing, underpaying or even not paying, so as to reduce the production and operation costs of enterprises.

The representative of Xie Zilong also found that because the base of social security contributions in China has been rising year after year, the rising space of employees’ wages has been offset by the high social security rate, which makes many enterprises find it difficult to raise their wages, while a large number of employees and other difficult groups often negotiate with enterprises to give up paying social security in order to earn more wages.

    The high payment rate has attracted increasing attention.

The reporter noted that related phenomena have been concerned by the central high-level officials. At the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, it was proposed that the social insurance premium rate should be appropriately reduced in a timely manner. At a joint meeting held in the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) not long ago, Ma Kai, Vice Premier of the State Council, also pointed out that the payment level is really high, and "five insurances and one fund" has accounted for 40% to 50% of the total wages, which makes enterprises feel heavy burden.

In addition to calling for "reducing the social security premium rate as soon as possible", the representative of Xie Zilong also suggested increasing the flexibility of the "five insurances and one fund" payment policy: adjusting the premium rate according to the economic operation state, such as starting a temporary social insurance premium reduction and deferment policy to help enterprises tide over the difficulties.

At the same time, the representative of Xie Zilong suggested that the central and local governments should appropriately allocate funds, increase social security expenditure, subsidize enterprises and individuals to pay for old-age insurance, and actively expand other income sources of social security funds, including the transfer of operating income from state-owned assets and investment income from social security funds.