标签： 上海水磨

The Eighth Route Army’s First Great Victory in Anti-Japanese War

　　This is the soldiers of the 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army ambushing the Japanese army on both sides of Pingxingguan Highway (file photo). Xinhua news agency

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 6th　Title: The First Great Victory of the Eighth Route Army in Anti-Japanese War-Pingxingguan Great Victory: Breaking the Myth of Invincible Japanese Army

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Mei Shixiong and Liberation Army Daily reporter Yang Zurong

　　After the outbreak of the National Anti-Japanese War in 1937, the Kuomintang army retreated one after another, and the pessimistic atmosphere enveloped the whole country.

　　"At the critical moment of national subjugation and extinction, Chairman Mao led our Eighth Route Army to the anti-Japanese battlefield." Liu Xiyuan, the founding lieutenant general and witness of Pingxingguan Victory, said in an interview before his death that with the hope of the people, their 115th Division went to the forefront of Shanxi’s anti-Japanese war.

　　Jiahua Yang, then the instructor of the 4th Company of the 685th Regiment of the 343rd Brigade of the 115th Division, said in an interview before his death that Pingxingguan Victory was the first great victory of the Eighth Route Army in the front line of North China, and it was also the first great victory since the Anti-Japanese War, which broke the myth that the Japanese army was invincible, inspired people’s hearts and stabilized morale.

　　Pan Zeqing, a researcher at the Academy of Military Sciences of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army, said in an interview that the news of Ping Xing Guan’s victory soon spread throughout China, and Chiang Kai-shek immediately sent a congratulatory message when he heard the news.

　　After World War II, Japan also admitted in its war history: "The Eighth Route Army surrounded the Japanese army in a five-kilometer canyon and kept attacking. After less than a day of fierce fighting, the Japanese army was wiped out!"

　　In mid-September, 1937, the main force of the 5th Division of the Japanese Army attempted to seize Pingxing Pass and break through the defense line of the Inner Great Wall.

　　Pingxingguan, with Hengshan Mountain in the north, Wutai Mountain in the south, North Hebei in the east and Yanmen in the west, has been an important pass in Shanxi and Hebei provinces since ancient times.

　　The 115th Division of the Eighth Route Army, led by its commander Lin Biao and deputy commander Nie Rongzhen, was ordered to stand by west of Pingxingguan.

　　On September 23rd, the 115th Division held a battle mobilization meeting. The head of the division said, "When the Japanese attack Pingpingguan, we should make use of the favorable terrain in this area to punch from the side and win a great victory!" "Liu Xiyuan, who was only 21 years old, served as the instructor of the 3rd Battalion of the 686th Regiment of the 115th Division.

　　From Pingxingguan Pass to Donghe South Town, Lingqiu County, it is a 10-kilometer-long highway extending from southwest to northeast, with deep ditches and narrow roads.

　　"On the way, there is only a gap leading to the mountain in front of the old temple. This is an excellent terrain for ambush. " After the founding of New China, Liu Xiyuan served as the former deputy political commissar of the Nanjing Military Region and the former deputy director of the General Political Department.

　　At midnight on the 24th, various troops of the 115th Division marched to the designated ambush area. "In order to hide, we chose the most difficult Mao Mao Road." After the founding of New China, Jiahua Yang once served as the former deputy political commissar of the Logistics Department of Fuzhou Military Region.

　　There was a sudden gust of wind and a torrential rain. Liu Xiyuan and his comrades, dressed in light clothes and sandals, crossed the rushing, chest-deep mountain torrents, and everyone was soaked to the skin.

　　After a difficult March in the middle of the night, officers and men of the 115th Division entered the scheduled attack position in the early morning of 25th.

　　"On the morning of the 25th, the 5th Division of the Japanese Army marched into our ambush circle in a 3-way column." Liu Xiyuan’s memory before his death.

　　"Just after 7 o’clock that morning, I heard the motor sound of the car coming from the ravine." Liu Xiyuan recalled before his death, "Boy, more than 100 cars carrying ghost soldiers and military supplies opened the way in front, and more than 200 large trucks and mule artillery teams followed."

　　The first shot of the Eighth Route Army against Japan officially started!

　　The 685th Regiment under the command of Yang Dezhi is responsible for taking the lead. Jiahua Yang, the instructor of Company 4, directed the soldiers to throw grenades and then rushed to the enemy on the highway. "Our group’s 3-way ambush suddenly cut the devil into dozens of sections. The soldiers carried bayonets to kill the panicked devils, and the enemies who were stabbed and killed were everywhere. " Jiahua Yang’s memory before his death.

　　The 5 th division of the Japanese army was beaten. "The devils have jumped down from the car and spread out. On the narrow road, the fire is soaring and the smoke is filled. Coupled with the muddy road after the rain, it is inconvenient to move and the enemy formation is in chaos. " Jiahua Yang’s memory before his death.

　　San Pu Minshi, commander of the 21st Brigade of the Japanese Army, soon discovered the only gap leading to the mountain, the Laoye Temple.

　　Jiahua Yang recalled that the 5th Division of the Japanese Army, which had committed numerous crimes against the people of China, was well-trained. "After they woke up, they stabilized their position and their arrogant, fierce, diabolical and cruel nature broke out. The commander desperately supervised the war, and the soldiers who got under the car climbed out and moved to the commanding heights around them. "

　　"Our soldiers don’t know how to burn the Japanese cars and make them lose their shelter. They thought that the Japanese, like the Kuomintang army during the civil war, would surrender their guns if they were beaten." Liu Xiyuan recalled before his death that some "naive" soldiers stopped shooting and shouted "Give up their guns, don’t kill, give preferential treatment to prisoners" to the devils, but they were killed by guizibing who didn’t understand Chinese.

　　The head of the 115 th Division issued a combat instruction to the troops: "We must seize the commanding height of the old temple!"

　　At a critical juncture, Li Tianyou and Yong Yang, the commanders of the 686th Regiment, who were responsible for "dressing up the bag" and "closing the door and beating the dog", gave a dead order-they ordered the 3rd Battalion of the 686th Regiment to win the Old Temple at all costs!

　　The 3rd Battalion, led by Deng Keming, the battalion commander, and Liu Xiyuan, the instructor, courageously rushed to the Laoye Temple and launched a thrilling white-bladed fight with the enemy.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters have interviewed Liu Xiyuan many times. Whenever recalling the tragic scene that Pingxingguan battle captured the old temple, the old general’s eyes are always wet: "After fighting hand in hand again and again, although we finally captured the commanding heights of the old temple, we also paid a heavy price-the battalion commander was seriously injured, and only a dozen people were left in the 9 th company …"

　　However, the fiercest hand-to-hand combat did not take place in the commanding heights of the Laoye Temple, which Liu Xiyuan adhered to, but in the 2nd and 3rd Battalions of the 685th Regiment where Jiahua Yang was located.

　　"The company commander sacrificed the platoon leader’s replacement, the platoon leader sacrificed the squad leader’s replacement, and the squad leader sacrificed the soldiers to take over the command." Jiahua Yang recalled that they used bayonets when they didn’t have bullets. When the bayonets were broken, they used gunstocks. When the gunstocks were broken, they scuffled with the enemy.

　　The fierce fighting continued until the afternoon, and the Japanese army suffered heavy casualties, unable to organize a new attack and fled to the north in a panic.

　　In front of a cave, officers and men of the 115th Division saw more than 10 Japanese officers and men lying on their backs, motionless. "When a soldier approached the devil, a devil suddenly jumped up and stabbed the soldier at once." Jiahua Yang recalled that the soldiers were so angry that they immediately fired bombs and finally wiped out all those guizibing.

　　At dusk on the 25th, the fighting at Pingxingguan was all over.

　　Liu Xiyuan recalled before his death that in the more than 10-mile long ditch, there were devils’ cars and carts everywhere, and the cars were still burning, braving rolling black smoke. On the car and beside the wheels, the bodies of devils were everywhere, and some were still hanging on the fender of the car. "From the posture, it is obvious that they were killed before getting off the bus."

　　Liu Xiyuan recalled before his death that under the influence of the spirit of Bushido, Guizibing would not disarm until he died. "Therefore, Pingxingguan won a great victory, but he did not catch a prisoner."

　　In this campaign, the Eighth Route Army wiped out more than 1,000 Japanese troops, seized more than 1,000 rifles, more than 20 machine guns, destroyed more than 100 cars and more than 200 carriages.

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Say goodbye to the hot weather! It’s rainy and cool in Beijing, and the highest temperature this week does not exceed 28℃

Yesterday evening, the capital ushered in rainy weather. On Wan Feng Road in Fengtai District, pedestrians walk with umbrellas. (Reporter Ping Liu)

　　Beijing Daily News (Reporter Luo Qianwen) The long-lost rain has finally arrived. Affected by rainfall, Beijing finally bid farewell to the hot weather. The highest temperature is expected to be no more than 28℃ in the next days of this week, which is comfortable and pleasant.

　　Yesterday evening, the rain came as promised. According to the meteorological department, the precipitation in the first half of the night was dominated by array precipitation, with uneven distribution and strong short-term rainfall; The rain is relatively gentle in the second half of the night, mainly in the piedmont area in the northwest. Rainfall will affect today’s morning peak. In response to rainfall, the city issued blue warning signals of rainstorm and gale yesterday. Some districts have also issued yellow warning signals for lightning.

　　According to statistics, from 13: 00 to 21: 00 yesterday, the city’s average rainfall was 10.6 mm, the urban average was 21.5 mm, the southeast was 16.3 mm, the northeast was 9.6 mm, the northwest was 4.4 mm, and the southwest was 3 mm. The maximum precipitation is 90.8 mm in Huangdongyi Village, Tongzhou, and 76.6 mm in Datun, Chaoyang City.

　　Affected by rain, the temperature was severely suppressed. It is estimated that the highest temperature today is only 25℃. In the next few days, there will be less sunny weather in Beijing, and there will be a rainy weather process on the 12th, and the temperature will drop significantly. During the week, the highest temperature in the plain area is between 25℃ and 28℃, and the lowest temperature at night is between 17℃ and 20℃. The weather is a little cold in the second half of the night, so everyone should pay attention to properly thinning to prevent colds.

　　related news

　　The flood control response has risen from the second level to the first level due to the sudden increase of rainfall.

　　Beijing Daily News (Reporter Ye Xiaoyan) originally started the secondary response to flood control, but due to the increase in rainfall, it quickly escalated into the primary response to flood control within 15 minutes. At present, Beijing Drainage Group is enabling the first-level flood control response, and 2,806 flood control personnel are on duty to cope with the rainfall.

　　At 18 o’clock yesterday, according to the latest weather forecast of the Municipal Meteorological Observatory, Beijing Drainage Group immediately launched the secondary response to flood control, requiring all units to carry out their work according to the flood control plan. However, 15 minutes later, the Municipal Meteorological Observatory issued a blue rainstorm warning, and the rainfall increased. Beijing Drainage Group immediately upgraded the flood control secondary response to the flood control primary response.

　　After the response was started, the flood control office of Beijing Drainage Group and relevant personnel of each branch arrived at their posts, and all the pumping station personnel were on duty. A total of 191 large, medium and small rescue units, 19 vehicle patrol disposal groups and 161 people patrol salvage groups were dispatched, and a total of 2,806 flood control personnel were dispatched. As of 19: 00 sharp tonight, 43 rainwater pumping stations of the Group were put into operation, pumping up 25,000 cubic meters of rainwater.

　　In addition, from 18: 00 to 19: 00 last night, according to the flood control plan, the reclaimed water plants of Beijing Drainage Group increased the pumping capacity ahead of schedule, with a total water treatment capacity of 187,700 cubic meters, an increase of 41% compared with the average daily treatment capacity in non-rainy periods. Up to now, the central city, the administrative office area of the city sub-center and the concave overpass and main roads in Huitian area within the operation scope of Beijing Drainage Group are all normal.

Form Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system.

　　[Study and implement the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee]

　　Zhang Laiming

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Hundred Years’ Struggle (hereinafter referred to as the Resolution) adopted at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee systematically reviewed and summarized the glorious history of the new period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, profoundly expounded the great achievements and great significance of the Party’s theoretical innovation in this historical period, and emphatically pointed out: "The Party leads and supports the discussion on the standard of truth, Adhering to and developing Marxism from the new practice and the characteristics of the times, scientifically answering a series of basic questions such as the development road, development stage, fundamental task, development motive force, development strategy, political guarantee, motherland reunification, diplomatic and international strategy, leading power and relying on power for building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, forming Socialism with Chinese characteristics theoretical system and realizing a new leap in the China of Marxism. " Learning and understanding the formation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system is of great significance to deeply understand the great achievements of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, the great course of Marxism in China, enhancing the self-confidence of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theory, and upholding and developing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era.

　　1. Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system is a great achievement in the process of Marxism in China.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a Marxist political party that attaches great importance to and is good at theoretical innovation and has achieved fruitful results. As pointed out in the resolution of this plenary session, "The reason why the Party can lead the people to accomplish the arduous tasks that other political forces in China can’t accomplish in repeated explorations, setbacks and explorations lies in persisting in emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, advancing with the times, seeking truth and being pragmatic, persisting in combining the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete reality of China, with the excellent traditional Chinese culture, and persisting in practice as the only criterion for testing truth, insisting on proceeding from reality and answering the times in time.

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s theoretical innovation is a historical process that is constantly advancing and consciously adapting to the changes of historical tasks and the evolution of historical stages. During the period of new-democratic revolution and socialist revolution and construction, the Party carried out theoretical innovation and founded Mao Zedong Thought, which provided scientific guidance for the development of the cause of the Party and the people. In the new period of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, the Party has carried out theoretical innovation and formed Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system, which has provided scientific guidance for the development of the cause of the Party and the country in the new period. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. The Party has carried out theoretical innovation and created the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, which has provided scientific guidance for the development of the cause of the Party and the country in the new era.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system, including Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, is the inheritance and development of Marxism–Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is the inheritance and development of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, the latest achievement of China Marxism, the contemporary China Marxism and the 21st century Marxism, and the essence of Chinese culture and spirit. To accurately understand the important historical conclusion of the formation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system, we must put it in the historical process of our party’s theoretical innovation to understand and grasp, deeply understand the practical and theoretical sources of this theoretical system, and deeply understand the ins and outs, inheritance and development of this theoretical system.

　　2. The formation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system is a historical process of theoretical innovation.

　　A certain theory always adapts to certain practical requirements, and it must also mature with certain practical progress. Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system came into being to meet the practical requirements of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and gradually formed in the practice of leading and summarizing reform, opening up and socialist modernization. Specifically, it has gone through three stages of development and created three theoretical achievements.

　　In the first stage, Deng Xiaoping Theory was founded. After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the people of the Communist Party of China (CPC), with Comrade Deng Xiaoping as the main representative, United and led the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country, profoundly summed up the positive and negative experiences since the founding of New China, and around the fundamental issue of what socialism is and how to build socialism, learned from the historical experience of world socialism and founded Deng Xiaoping Theory, emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts. He made a historic decision to shift the work center of the Party and the state to economic construction and carry out reform and opening-up, profoundly revealed the essence of socialism, established the basic line for the primary stage of socialism, clearly put forward taking his own road and building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, scientifically answered a series of basic questions about building Socialism with Chinese characteristics, formulated a development strategy of three steps to basically realize socialist modernization by the middle of the 21st century, and successfully created Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　In the second stage, Theory of Three Represents was formed. After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th CPC Central Committee, the Communist Party of China (CPC) people, with Comrade Jiang Zemin as the main representative, United and led the whole party and people of all nationalities, adhered to the basic theory and line of the party, deepened their understanding of what socialism is, how to build socialism, what kind of party to build and how to build the party, and formed Theory of Three Represents. Defended Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the face of the severe test of the complicated situation at home and abroad and the serious twists and turns of world socialism, established the reform goal and basic framework of the socialist market economic system, established the basic economic system with public ownership as the main body and multiple ownership economies developing together in the primary stage of socialism and the distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body and multiple distribution modes coexisting, created a new situation of comprehensive reform and opening up, promoted the new great project of party building, and successfully pushed Socialism with Chinese characteristics into the 21st century.

　　In the third stage, Scientific Outlook on Development was formed. After the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the people of the Communist Party of China (CPC), with Comrade Hu Jintao as the main representative, United and led the whole party and people of all ethnic groups to promote practical innovation, theoretical innovation and institutional innovation in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way, deeply understood and answered major issues such as what kind of development and how to achieve it under the new situation, and formed Scientific Outlook on Development. They seized the important strategic opportunity period, concentrated on construction and devoted themselves to development. Emphasis is placed on people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development, efforts are made to safeguard and improve people’s livelihood, promote social fairness and justice, and promote the construction of the Party’s ruling ability and advanced nature, thus successfully upholding and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics under the new situation.

　　The formation of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system has achieved a new leap in the sinicization of Marxism, deepened our party’s understanding of the laws governing communist party, socialist construction and the development of human society, provided a strong ideological guarantee and theoretical arm for the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups in China, and enriched the theoretical treasure house of Marxism. In January 2013, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in his speech at the opening ceremony of the seminar on studying and implementing the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, a newly-appointed member and alternate member of the Central Committee: "If we understand the tortuous history of socialist development in the world and China, we must strengthen our ideals and beliefs and persist in taking Deng Xiaoping Theory, ‘ Theory of Three Represents ’ Guided by important thoughts and Scientific Outlook on Development, we should cherish, always adhere to and constantly develop the Socialism with Chinese characteristics Road, Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory System and Socialism with Chinese characteristics System. "

　　3. Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system is a scientific theoretical system that originates from practice, guides practice and is tested by practice.

　　The source and value of theory lies in practice, and the foundation and purpose of theoretical innovation lies in practical innovation. Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system can be formed because of the call of the great practice of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and through the summary of the great practice of reform, opening up and socialist modernization, including the summary of positive and negative experiences. Deng Xiaoping Theory was founded in this way, and so were Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development. Without the magnificent reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and without the creative historical activities of the Party and the people, it is impossible to form Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system. Therefore, Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system is the result of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s practice and the crystallization of the collective wisdom of the Party and the people.

　　The value of theory lies in its application. The value of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system is ultimately reflected in leading the development of the cause of the party and the country. Looking back at history, China’s reform, opening up and socialist modernization have made great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention. As far as reform and opening up are concerned, China’s reform has taken the lead in implementing the household contract responsibility system in rural areas, and gradually turned to the urban economic system reform and spread it out in an all-round way, establishing the reform direction of the socialist market economy, giving full play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation to a greater extent, and upholding and improving the basic economic system and distribution system. The Party resolutely promotes the reform of the economic system, and at the same time carries out the system reform in political, cultural, social and other fields, promotes the reform of the Party’s construction system, and constantly forms and develops a vibrant system and mechanism that conforms to the national conditions of contemporary China. The Party has established opening to the outside world as a basic national policy, from setting up special economic zones such as Shenzhen, developing and opening Pudong, promoting the opening of coastal areas along the Yangtze River and inland central cities to joining the World Trade Organization, and from "bringing in" to "going out", making full use of both international and domestic markets and resources. After continuous reform and opening up, China has achieved a historic transformation from a highly centralized planned economy system to a dynamic socialist market economy system, and from a closed and semi-closed to an all-round opening. As far as socialist modernization is concerned, the party insists on taking economic construction as the center and development as the last word, and puts forward that science and technology are the primary productive forces.We will implement major strategies such as rejuvenating the country through science and education, sustainable development and strengthening the country through talents, promote the development of the western region, revitalize the old industrial bases in Northeast China, promote the rise of the central region, support the eastern region to take the lead in development, promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and regions, promote the reform and development of state-owned enterprises, encourage and support the development of non-public economy, accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, strengthen the protection of ecological environment, promote sustained and rapid economic development, and greatly enhance the overall national strength. The Party adheres to the organic unity of the leadership of the Party, the people being the masters of the country and governing the country according to law, develops socialist democratic politics, builds socialist political civilization, actively and steadily advances the reform of political system, adheres to the combination of governing the country according to law and governing the country by virtue, formulates a new constitution, builds a socialist country ruled by law, forms a socialist legal system with Chinese characteristics, respects and safeguards human rights, and consolidates and develops the broadest patriotic United front. The party strengthens the education of ideals and beliefs, promotes the construction of socialist core value system, builds socialist spiritual civilization, develops advanced socialist culture, and promotes the great development and prosperity of socialist culture. The Party has accelerated social construction focusing on improving people’s livelihood, improved people’s lives, abolished agricultural taxes, and constantly promoted education, income from labor, medical care for the sick, a sense of security for the elderly, and housing to promote social harmony and stability. The Party puts forward the general goal of building a powerful modernized and regularized revolutionary army, focusing on winning local wars under the conditions of informationization, promoting military reform with China characteristics and taking the road of elite soldiers with China characteristics.All the achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization have been made under the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system.

　　Practice is the only criterion for testing truth. The great practice and achievements of reform, opening up and socialist modernization fully prove that Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system is a scientific theoretical system and a valuable achievement of Marxism in China. It can be said that without Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory, there would be no great achievements in reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

　　4. The Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought is the inheritance and development of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development.

　　History is always moving forward. Over the past century, the Party has led the people to win the great victory of the new-democratic revolution, complete the socialist revolution and promote socialist construction, carry out reform, opening up and socialist modernization, and usher in a new era in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. From the new era to the new era, from Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system to the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. This is an important aspect of the party leading the people to push forward the history, and it is an important embodiment of the victory of the cause of the party and the people.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s new era is a new era created on the basis of past struggles, which embodies a series of pioneering and innovative achievements. Innovation includes theoretical innovation, practical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation and other aspects of innovation, which naturally includes theoretical innovation on the basis of adhering to Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s theoretical system. The Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era is the latest achievement of the Party’s theoretical innovation and Marxism in China. Its practical source is the great practice of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, and its theoretical sources are Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development.

　　Comrade Supreme Leader has made profound thinking and scientific judgment on a series of major theoretical and practical issues related to the development of the cause of the Party and the state in the new era, and made suggestions on what kind of Socialism with Chinese characteristics to adhere to and develop in the new era, how to adhere to and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics, what kind of socialist modernization power to build and how to build a socialist modernization power, What kind of long-term ruling Marxist political party to build, how to build a long-term ruling Marxist political party and other major issues of the times, and put forward a series of original new ideas, new ideas and new strategies for governing the country, which are the main founders of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. The Party’s establishment of the core position of the Party Central Committee and the whole Party, and the guiding position of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era reflect the common aspiration of the whole Party, the whole army and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country, which is of decisive significance to the development of the cause of the Party and the country in the new era and the historical process of promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　A great contribution of the Resolution is to make a new systematic summary of the supreme leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era on the basis of reviewing the historic achievements and changes in the cause of the Party and the state since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: it is clear that the most essential feature of Socialism with Chinese characteristics is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, the greatest advantage of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system is the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership, and the Communist Party of China (CPC) is the highest political leadership, and the whole party must strengthen "four consciousnesses", strengthen "four self-confidences" and achieve "two safeguards"; Clearly adhering to and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics, the overall task is to realize socialist modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. On the basis of building a well-off society in an all-round way, we will build a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, harmonious and beautiful socialist modernization power in the middle of this century in two steps, and promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese modernization; It is clear that the main contradiction in China’s society in the new era is the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and the unbalanced development. We must adhere to the people-centered development idea, develop people’s democracy throughout the process, and promote the all-round development of people and the common prosperity of all people to achieve more obvious substantive progress; It is clear that the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause is the five-in-one of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction.The strategic layout is to build a socialist modern country in an all-round way, deepen reform in an all-round way, govern the country according to law in an all-round way, and strictly manage the party in an all-round way. It is clear that the overall goal of comprehensively deepening reform is to improve and develop the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity; It is clear that the overall goal of comprehensively promoting the rule of law is to build a legal system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics and a socialist country ruled by law; It is clear that we must adhere to and improve the basic socialist economic system, make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources, give better play to the role of the government, grasp the new stage of development, implement the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other, and promote high-quality development, overall development and security; It is clear that the party’s goal of strengthening the army in the new era is to build a people’s army that listens to the party’s command, can win battles and has a good style of work, and build the people’s army into a world-class army; It is clear that the diplomacy of a big country with China characteristics should serve the national rejuvenation, promote human progress, promote the construction of new international relations, and promote the building of a community of human destiny; Clarify the strategic policy of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, put forward the general requirements for party building in the new era, comprehensively promote the party’s political construction, ideological construction, organizational construction, work style construction and discipline construction, run through the system construction, deepen the anti-corruption struggle, implement the political responsibility of managing the party and leading the great social revolution with great self-revolution. These strategic ideas and innovative ideas,It is a great achievement of the Party’s deepening understanding of the law of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s construction and theoretical innovation.

　　The resolution emphasizes that "the whole party must adhere to Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, ‘ Theory of Three Represents ’ Important Thought, Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implement the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, observe, grasp and lead the times with Marxist standpoints, viewpoints and methods, and constantly deepen the understanding of communist party’s ruling law, socialist construction law and human social development law. " This is the scientific application of historical experience and the fundamental requirement for creating the future. In accordance with this fundamental requirement, we should learn from history, create the future, work hard and forge ahead bravely, and make unremitting efforts to achieve the goal of the second century and realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Guangming Daily (November 24, 2021, 06 edition)

Deposit dispute, flat tire in test drive, will Xiaomi encounter fancy ＂rollover＂ after its popularity …

On the afternoon of March 29th, Yangcheng Evening News, the topic of "Xiaomi responded that the deposit could not be refunded" and "Xiaomi Auto was exposed to many complaints about refunding the deposit" was hotly debated by netizens, and once ranked first in Weibo’s hot search.

Consumers who paid the deposit for Xiaomi car said on social platforms that they mistakenly locked the configuration, clicked the button outside the order, and the prompt button did not clearly tell them not to return. He said that there was no reason to cancel the subscription for seven days after reading the press conference. Later, I wanted to cancel it and found that there was no place to cancel it. When I went to see it, I found that I could not refund the deposit.

In addition to the deposit dispute, a video of a Xiaomi SU7 coupe with a flat tire after hitting the road teeth also attracted widespread attention from netizens.

Consumers call early locking orders "misoperation"

Regarding the complaint that the deposit cannot be refunded, Xiaomi responded that the deposit can be refunded without reason within 7 days. After more than 7 days, the vehicle configuration will be automatically locked, and consumers can also actively lock the configuration in advance. Once the order is locked, the vehicle will enter the production stage, the configuration can no longer be modified, and the deposit will not be refunded.

In addition, the original version of the SU7 car configuration has been locked, and consumers will lock the order after paying a deposit of 20,000 yuan.

Xiaomi Auto confirms the deposit prompt on the payment page. Figure/webpage screenshot

However, many users who complained online mentioned that their orders were "misoperation" in advance, and there was no obvious hint in the car purchase process of Xiaomi Auto APP, which misled consumers, which harmed consumers’ rights and interests.

A consumer who booked the Gulf Blue standard version of Xiaomi SU7 said: "Xiaomi didn’t explicitly tell us that the selected configuration means that the lock order will not be refunded, and there was no verification and confirmation process when the lock order was confirmed. There was no signature and no second payment. Even if I go to the 4S shop to buy, I need to sign it again for a second confirmation after confirming the order, but Xiaomi has nothing. "

Xiaomi automobile was exposed to many complaints about withdrawal. Figure/Red Star News

Some netizens also ridiculed that these users who want to refund the deposit do not have real car purchase intentions, or just send social media for a screenshot of the order.

The reporter found that Xiaomi Auto’s "Confirm Order" page has a reminder of the deposit notice, reminding consumers that they can modify the car configuration at any time within 7 days (168 hours), and the car order will be automatically locked after 7 days (168 hours). At the same time, consumers can also choose to actively lock in advance. After locking the order, the vehicle will enter the production stage, and the configuration cannot be changed, and it is clear that "the deposit is not refundable".

Fu Jian, director of Henan Zejin Law Firm, believes that in this incident, Xiaomi Automobile has clearly defined the deposit policy on the car purchase agreement. "Xiaomi Automobile has fully informed consumers of the car purchase rules in advance, and consumers have signed the car purchase agreement on an informed and voluntary basis. This is a legal act and is protected by law." However, if consumers think that their rights and interests are damaged, Fu Jian said that consumers can also consult with auto companies or solve problems through consumer rights protection associations and market supervision departments.

There is a flat tire and deformation in the test drive.

On the evening of March 28th, the first Xiaomi car was officially released. Xiaomi founder Lei Jun announced that the price was 215,900 yuan to 299,900 yuan, and the order was started at 10: 00 on the 28th.

Lei Jun said at the press conference that the deposit is 5,000 yuan, and the subscription can be cancelled within 7 days after payment, and then the order will be locked for production. At that time, Lei Jun even released a flow chart for consumers from payment to order locking to production scheduling and delivery to explain the whole process.

On the evening of March 28th, Weibo, the official of Xiaomi Automobile, announced in succession: "Four minutes will definitely break 10,000. Seven minutes will definitely break 20 thousand. After 27 minutes on the market, it was set at 50,000 units. "

Xiaomi SU7. Figure/Xinhua News Agency

It is worth noting that the "big decision" used by Xiaomi Automobile is slightly different from the "big decision" of ordinary car companies. Generally speaking, the so-called "big order" means that the deposit cannot be refunded, which is regarded as the real order data, so car companies often use the term "big order XXXX" to publicize the popularity of orders. However, according to Xiaomi, Xiaomi’s "big decision" is refundable within 7 days.

Even so, Xiaomi’s start was quite successful. The Xiaomi Auto APP shows that 5,000 Xiaomi SU7 founding editions have been sold out, and the deposit for the founding edition is 20,000 yuan each, which is non-refundable, which means that Xiaomi Auto has received 100 million yuan for the founding edition only.

"We still have great confidence in SU7 internally." Some insiders of Xiaomi Auto said that before the official release of Xiaomi SU7, more than 200 units had been booked in the group of general manager’s office meeting of Xiaomi Group with more than 100 people. "This does not include the resources of company executives, the resources of (Lei Jun) alumni, and supplier partners."

Behind the popularity, Xiaomi will inevitably face some unexpected "rollover" crises.

On the 29th, a video of a Xiaomi SU7 coupe with a puncture caused a heated discussion. The live video showed that the hub had a puncture and some deformation. The staff of Xiaomi Automobile Delivery Center responded by saying that the car is a test drive, and the fastest delivery will be in early April. In recent days, the reception volume of the test drive is relatively large and the road conditions are complicated. It is currently under investigation, and then the official will make an announcement.

In addition, at present, some resale information of Xiaomi car F code (like Xiaomi mobile phone, F code can be purchased directly without waiting) has appeared on the second-hand platform idle fish, and the price range ranges from 800 yuan to several hundred thousand yuan, which has aroused widespread concern in the market.

For this phenomenon, the idle fish customer service said that at present, Xiaomi has not explicitly prohibited the sale or transfer of F code, so the F code transaction on the platform is a compliance behavior. However, considering the security of the transaction, idle fish suggests that users should not rush to confirm the receipt after purchasing the F code to ensure that there is enough time to verify the authenticity and validity of the F code. At the same time, the idle fish also reminds users that if any abnormality is found during the transaction, they can contact the platform customer service in time to intervene.

Original title: "Deposit dispute, flat tire of test drive, will Xiaomi encounter fancy" rollover "after its popularity …"

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Looking through the CPI and PPI data for the whole year of 2022： prices kept running smoothly.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, January 12th Title: Prices Keep Running Smooth —— Perspective of CPI and PPI data in 2022.

Xinhua News Agency reporters Wei Yukun, Pan Jie and Shui Jinchen

Since 2022, under the background of high global inflation, China’s prices have maintained a stable operation. According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics on the 12th, the national consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2% last year, which was lower than the expected target of around 3% for the whole year. Looking forward to 2023, China’s prices are expected to remain generally stable, and there is a solid foundation for ensuring stable supply and prices.

CPI keeps running in a reasonable range.

Wan Jinsong, director of the Price Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that last year, the monthly increase of China’s CPI was always below 3%, and it rose by 2% for the whole year, which was significantly lower than that of developed economies such as the United States, the euro zone and the United Kingdom, which were around 8%, 8% and 9% respectively, and also significantly lower than that of emerging economies such as India, Brazil and South Africa (from January to November).

Keeping prices running smoothly is very important to stabilize the basic economy. Since last year, China’s price stability has faced multiple challenges-

Externally, affected by the Ukrainian crisis and other factors, international energy and food prices have risen sharply, global inflationary pressures have risen, and imported inflationary pressures have increased; Looking inward, since March, the domestic epidemic has rebounded, which has brought some pressure on ensuring supply and stabilizing prices.

All relevant departments in various regions have resolutely implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, made efforts to strengthen the construction of the system of production, supply, storage and marketing of grain and energy, and made efforts to strengthen the price control of important livelihood commodities and bulk commodities. China’s overall price level has continued to run smoothly and become an important "stabilizer" for global prices.

During the epidemic period, many places in the country increased the organization of goods supply, strengthened the monitoring and early warning of the daily necessities market, and unblocked the "last meter" distribution channel to ensure that the quantity of grain, oil, meat, eggs, milk, fruits and vegetables was stable.

Chongqing strives to solve the problem that residents can’t go out to buy food through e-commerce platform, group purchase and purchasing. Shenyang City, Liaoning Province organized three major fruit and vegetable wholesale markets, large supermarket chains and fresh chain enterprises to carry out production and marketing docking, and supplemented the supply of meat and vegetables through multiple channels; Beijing guides all e-commerce platform enterprises to prepare goods and ensure that the distribution sites have sufficient inventory …

Niu Yubin, deputy director of the Price Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that the food price index in the CPI rose by 2.8% in 2022, which was significantly lower than the increase of about 10% in major economies such as the United States and Europe. The comparison of food price increase at home and abroad is more obvious. The monthly increase of international wheat and corn prices is as high as 74% and 36% year-on-year, while the price trend of wheat and corn in China is relatively flat, and the retail price of finished grain is more stable. The retail price of rice in 36 large and medium-sized cities decreased by 1% and the retail price of flour increased by 3% year-on-year.

PPI year-on-year growth rate dropped

In 2022, the national producer price index (PPI) rose by 4.1% over the previous year, which was lower than the 8.1% increase in 2021. Among them, due to the decline in prices of petroleum and related industries, the PPI in December 2022 changed from 0.1% in November to 0.5% in November; Affected by the lower comparison base in the same period in 2021, the PPI decreased by 0.7% year-on-year, which was 0.6 percentage points narrower than that in November.

Since the beginning of last year, in view of the obvious increase in commodity prices, the relevant state departments have taken timely measures such as two-way regulation of supply and demand and joint supervision of the spot market to curb unreasonable price increases and promote the orderly decline of PPI growth.

From May 1, 2022 to March 31, 2023, a provisional import tax rate of zero will be imposed on all coal; Establish coal price monitoring and cost investigation system, and carry out behavior evaluation and compliance review of coal price index; Intensify oil and gas exploration and development …

Faced with the intensification of fluctuations in the international energy market, based on the basic national conditions of coal, China has released high-quality coal production capacity in an orderly manner, accelerated the construction of large-scale wind power photovoltaic bases, and formed a "firewall" to effectively resist the sharp fluctuations in international energy prices.

Thanks to a series of measures to ensure supply and stabilize prices, commodity prices generally fell. In December 2022, the price of ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry decreased by 14.7%, nonferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry decreased by 3.6%, and coal mining and washing industry decreased by 2.7%.

Prices are expected to remain generally stable.

Fu Linghui, spokesman of the National Bureau of Statistics, said that although the increase in global commodity prices has declined recently, it is still at a high level on the whole, and the import impact on domestic prices still exists. The domestic economy is gradually recovering, the market demand is expanding, and with the approach of the Spring Festival, the prices of pork, fresh vegetables and fresh fruits may rise seasonally, which will increase the pressure of price increase to a certain extent.

In 2022, the Central Economic Work Conference emphasized in the deployment of economic work in 2023 that "the work of stabilizing growth, stabilizing employment and stabilizing prices should be highlighted". A few days ago, the the State Council executive meeting made clear six measures to further strengthen the supply and price stability of important livelihood commodities, medical materials and energy, to ensure adequate market supply and stable prices during the Spring Festival, and to ensure people’s medical needs and warm winter.

Wan Jinsong said that looking forward to 2023, China’s prices will maintain a stable operation with a solid foundation. There has been a continuous bumper harvest of grain production, reasonable and abundant pig production capacity, sufficient supply of important commodities for people’s livelihood, strong basic energy security, further improvement of the system of ensuring supply and stabilizing prices, and full confidence and ability to continue to maintain overall price stability.

Early in the morning, the biggest wholesale market of agricultural products in Anhui, the Baida Zhougudui Agricultural Products International Logistics Park, became busy gradually, and there were an endless stream of vehicles trading fruits and vegetables from all over the country.

"Considering the gradual arrival of the sales peak before the Spring Festival and the possible rain and snow cooling weather in the later period, the logistics park has formulated relevant plans to organize market operators to expand the supply of goods in a timely manner and actively and steadily guarantee the supply." Wang Ping, Assistant Director of Logistics Park Information Center, said.

The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs issued a notice to deploy the work of vegetable disaster prevention and reduction, stable production and supply; Hezhou City, Guangxi, guides large supermarkets, especially key key enterprises to take precautions and increase procurement and inventory; Gansu launched the action of resuming commerce and trade circulation, and fully supported the market players to resume work and production … Recently, all relevant departments and localities have implemented the central deployment, made overall plans to ensure stable supply and prices, and kept the "rice bag" and "vegetable basket" of the people firmly.

"From the recent dispatching situation, the supply of important livelihood commodities in various places is sufficient, the reserves are substantial, and the market prices are stable and orderly, which can guarantee the consumer demand of urban and rural residents during the holiday season." Niu Yubin said.

The attack can reach ten levels of pain, and over 90% of adults carry the virus for life.

Original Dr. Zeqiao, Dr. Zeqiao

Imagine that there is a virus lurking in your body, which quietly ambushes and waits for an opportunity to make you "miserable". More than 90% of adults will carry this virus, which is ready to attack at any time, but we often don’t know it …

This virus is the varicella-zoster virus that causes herpes zoster.

Once infected, carry it for life!

After the first infection, about 70% people will have symptoms of chickenpox, while 30% people will not get sick and become recessive infection. The virus is quietly lurking in the "neurons of the spinal dorsal root ganglion". Terrible is, regardless of symptoms, this virus will be carried for life, and may be activated at any time due to decreased immunity, thus causing herpes zoster.

The pain during the attack is unimaginable.

The pain of herpes zoster can reach ten levels, which has reached the highest level among the most commonly used pain levels at present! At the time of attack, there are various forms of neuralgia, including knife-like, acupuncture-like and burning-like pain, which usually intensifies at night, making it difficult for people to sleep. What’s more, even if the herpes is cured, there may be a long-term neuralgia. According to statistics, about 9%~34% patients with herpes zoster will suffer from this kind of torture, and the pain may last for more than one year, or even as long as 10 years or more.

Treatment within 72 hours is crucial.

Although herpes zoster is a self-limiting disease, most people will heal themselves in about two or three weeks. However, the golden period of herpes zoster treatment is 72 hours! Receiving antiviral treatment in time within 24~72 hours after the appearance of rash can not only effectively control pain, accelerate the healing of rash, but also reduce the risk of post-traumatic neuralgia. Especially when the lesions occur in the head and face, immediate treatment is needed to avoid serious complications.

Who is more likely to be the "target" of herpes zoster?

Epidemiological data show that about one third of adults will suffer from herpes zoster once or more in their lifetime.

Especially the following five high-risk groups, we should be more vigilant:

1. Middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old: With the increase of age, human immunity gradually declines, and the resistance to varicella-zoster virus weakens. In addition, the risk of herpes zoster in women is relatively higher.

2. Patients with immune system diseases: such as cancer patients, patients with lupus erythematosus, AIDS-infected people, etc., are more prone to herpes zoster due to low immune function.

3. Patients with chronic diseases: such as diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, asthma and other chronic diseases, their risk of herpes zoster is also significantly increased.

4. Sub-healthy people: Long-term staying up late, improper diet, sedentary and other bad habits lead to decreased immunity, making this group of people more susceptible to infection.

5. People who regularly take hormones: Hormones will inhibit immune function, and excessive dependence on hormones may even lead to the disappearance of immunity, thus increasing the risk of herpes zoster.

How to prevent herpes zoster?

1. Vaccination: the most effective protection

The data show that within 3 years after vaccination with herpes zoster vaccine, the protective effect on adults aged 50-59 is as high as 96.6%. Therefore, people over 50 years old and people who have suffered from herpes zoster twice or more should be actively vaccinated.

2. Improve immunity

Regular work and rest: It is recommended to fall asleep before 23 o’clock every night, ensure 7-9 hours of sleep, and improve immune cell activity.

Balanced diet: eat more than 12 different kinds of food every day, not less than 25 kinds every week to ensure adequate nutrition; It is recommended to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, whole grains and potatoes, and supplement probiotics.

Appropriate exercise: It is recommended to carry out moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for 30~45 minutes five times a week, such as jogging, cycling, yoga, etc., to enhance physical fitness.

Step 3 avoid contact

Although herpes zoster is not contagious, close contact with patients should be avoided, especially touching herpes fluid. When there are patients with herpes zoster at home, isolation measures should be taken. At the same time, pay attention to daily disinfection and indoor ventilation to reduce the chance of virus transmission.

To sum up, varicella-zoster virus is hidden in more than 90% adults, and once infected, it will be carried for life. Herpes zoster has a strong pain and may be accompanied by postherpetic neuralgia, so it should be treated with antiviral therapy in time. High-risk groups need to be vigilant, and herpes zoster can be prevented by vaccination, improving immunity and avoiding contact with patients.

That’s the headline of Dr. Zeqiao’s health. See you tomorrow!

References:

[1] Expert Group on the Compilation of the Consensus of Diagnosis and Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia. China Expert Consensus on Diagnosis and Treatment of Postherpetic Neuralgia. China Journal of Pain Medicine. 2016; 22(3):161-167.

[2] Johnson ＲW，Alvarez-Pasquin MJ，Bijl M， et al． Herpes zosterepidemiology，management， and disease and economic burden in Europe: a multidisciplinary perspective［J］． Ther AdvVaccines， 2015，3( 4) : 109 － 120．

Quan Yaru, Li Changgui. Chickenpox and herpes zoster and their vaccines. China Food and Drug Administration, 2019, 183(04):87-91.

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Do you know whether the pinyin ＂O＂ is pronounced ＂O＂ or ＂Wo＂？ The expert replied.

　　On July 6, 2021, in Mingzhu Community, Minzhu Town, Langao County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province, the staff of "4: 30 Class" were teaching children to read pinyin. Xinhua news agency

　　Xin Yuan/Cartography

　　figure 1

　　 　Recently, the pronunciation of the pinyin letter "O" has aroused widespread concern and discussion, and the reading volume of related topics is nearly 100 million. One of them is entitled "Do you know? Is the pinyin "O" pronounced "Ou" or "Wo"? Weibo believes that "many people will ‘ o’ Read as ‘ Wo ’ . The staff of the Ministry of Education said that according to the current teaching standards, the pronunciation of # Pinyin O should be pronounced in Europe #. "

　　 　According to the author’s search, the content comes from a tweet "Pinyin" O pronounced "Europe" or "Wo" published by WeChat official account Capital Education, the official WeChat of Beijing Municipal Education Commission. 》。 The article holds that: "At present, academic circles are concerned about ‘ o’ The pronunciation of ""has always been controversial, and there is no special unified consensus. At present, the pronunciation of teachers in teaching is set according to the teaching standards issued by the education authorities every year, and the current standard is to identify ‘ o’ It is a single vowel, pronounced ‘ Europe ’ 。”

　　 　From this point of view, it seems that reading the vowel "o" as "ou" is the official opinion. However, the paper does not point out the source of the document "Teaching Standards issued by the education authorities every year", and the author has no way to verify it.

　　 　As a member of the research group entrusted by the Ministry of Education, I was very concerned about this topic. Here, I want to talk about how to pronounce the vowel "o" from three aspects: the source of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme (hereinafter referred to as the Scheme), the original intention of the developer and the actual pronunciation of Beijing pronunciation.

　　 　First of all, we should make it clear that the pronunciation of Chinese phonetic letters in the Alphabet (called the "names" of letters in the Scheme) is not the same as the pronunciation of initials and finals in the Initial List and the Final List. When people ask how to pronounce the "O" in "ι, O, E", they refer to the pronunciation of the vowel "O", not the pronunciation (name) of the letter "O" in the Alphabet "N, O, P". Therefore, what we are discussing here is the pronunciation of the vowel "o", not the pronunciation of the letter "o", although the pronunciation of the two is the same in the Scheme.

　　 　The author thinks that the vowel "o" in the vowel table should be pronounced "wo" instead of "ou".

　　 　Historically, the Scheme comes from the phonetic alphabet developed by the Pronunciation Unification Association before liberation (agreed in 1913, published in 1918, revised in 1920, and renamed as "phonetic symbol" in 1930) and the "French phonetic alphabet of Mandarin Roman characters" developed by the Mandarin research society "Several People Association" (agreed in 1926 and published in 1928).

　　 　Li jinxi, a famous linguist, used to be a member of the Research Committee of Mandarin Romance Pinyin, and also a member of the Association of Several People. In his book The Basic Tool of Chinese Standardization — — From phonetic alphabet to phonetic alphabet, it is clearly pointed out that the phonetic alphabet "ㄛ" is "‘ Wo ’ It explains that Beijing has always pronounced the vowel "ㄛㄛ" as "ㄨㄛ" because it can only spell "ㄨㄛ".

　　 　Qian Xuantong, a famous linguist, is one of the members of the "Association of Numbers". He interprets the pronunciation of "O" in the Roman characters (Latin letters) in Mandarin as follows: In fact, there is no such vowel in Mandarin, "Wo, Guo, Kuan, Fire, Wave, Slope, mo, Buddha, Duo, Camel, Nuo, Luo, Zuo, Wrong, Suo. As for other sounds, they must be spelled with uo. (quoted from Wang Li’s Chinese Phonology)

　　 　Zhou Zumo, a famous linguist and professor of Peking University, once served as a member of the "Audition Committee" after liberation. He pointed out in the "Chinese Pinyin Letter Learning Method (Revised Edition)" that "O" is a post vowel. The tongue position is lower than u, and later. The back of the tongue surface bulges to the soft palate, the tip of the tongue hangs under the lower teeth, the lips are slightly round, but not prominent, and the muscles are not tense. This is the vowel sound in the words "dial" (bō), "slope" (pō) and "touch" (mō).

　　 　Mr. Zhou Youguang, a famous linguist who participated in the development of the Plan, once said when recalling the formulation process of the Plan: "bo" is written in Beila (referring to "the new Latin script of northern dialect") and "do" is written in Duomo. Pinyin (referring to "Scheme") means "bo" for "Bo" and "duo" for "Duo". It is suggested that all the letters can be saved by writing in Beila. It is also suggested that the word "wave" should be written as "buo", which is unified in specifications and conforms to the principle. After studying, the Program Committee decided to adopt the traditional writing method of phonetic alphabet. ("Recalling the Formulation Process of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme")

　　 　Mr. Xu Shirong participated in the development of the Program, and served as a member of the Audition Committee for two times. When explaining the pronunciation of the vowel "o", he said: [see Figure 1]=o, and the vowel with a round lip in the second half [see Figure 1] is a slightly opened symbol under [o]. Appears after "lip sounds" B, P, M, F and round-lipped vowel u([u] or [w]). A Brief Introduction to Phoneme in Beijing.

　　 　Since the vowel "O" in the Scheme is used to mark the vowels of the words "Bo" (bō), "Po" (pō), "Mo" (mō) and "Buddha" (fó) according to the original intention of the developer, the correct pronunciation of "O" should take the vowels of these words, that is, these syllables. The author is not from Beijing, but has lived in Beijing for more than 20 years. The author tried to ask several Beijing-born teachers and friends, and they would naturally pronounce uo.

　　 　The vowel "O" after the initial of lip sound in Beijing pronunciation is a variant of the same vowel as "uo" after other vowels, which can not only be verified by Beijing people’s sense of language, but also be supported by experimental phonetics.

　　 　When describing the phonetic value of the vowel "o" in Putonghua, famous experimental phoneticians, Professor Lin Tao from Peking University and Professor Wang Lijia pointed out that the tongue position of o[o] is slightly lower than that of the positioning vowel [o] in the international phonetic alphabet, and it is a post vowel between half-high and half-low, and the strict phonetic notation should be [oт]. Because the tongue position of [o] is obviously lower than that of [u], the degree of round lips is also worse than that of [u]. In Mandarin, [oт] only appears after the lip consonant alone, and there is often a very short [u] in front of it, so the strict phonetic notation of [o] should be [uoт], but this [u] is actually only a transitional sound between the lip consonant and [o], and the degree of round lips is poor, which is also the inevitable result of the low tongue position. (Phonetics Course)

　　 　Mr. Shi Feng, a well-known experimental phonetician and a member of the research group "Formulation of Pronunciation Criterion of Putonghua and Revision of Pronunciation Table of Different Pronunciation Words in Putonghua", pointed out when describing the phonetic value of the vowel "o" in Putonghua: the actual pronunciation of the vowel o[o] after the lip consonant is lipped [u] and has a vowel u, which should be a second-order vowel like the uo after other initials. ("Reanalysis of Putonghua Vowels")

　　 　The Chinese character marked with the vowel "O" in the Scheme is "Oh". The word "oh" has two pronunciations, one is an exclamation (also written as "oh") and the other is a cock’s cry (w), so we are not sure how to pronounce the vowel. However, according to the descriptions of several scholars who participated in the development of Mandarin Roman characters and the Plan, we know that this vowel refers to the vowel in the syllables represented by the Chinese characters "Bo, Po, Mo and Buddha", not to the vowel of the exclamation.

　　 　Of course, we can’t completely rule out the speculator’s intention to use the exclamation "oh" to express the vowel of a single vowel (going back to Qian Xuantong’s Notes on the Changes of Phonetic Symbols in the Past Eighteen Years, we can see that the Chinese characters he noted on the vowel "o" are really "oh", which is contradictory to his own statement about the vowel "o" quoted in the previous article). However, the reading method of interjections changes greatly in people’s oral actual sound value, or has great vagrancy and uncertainty. The reason why "oh not" is written as "oh" and "yo y not" is written as "yo" shows that the vowel "o" in exclamatory words is closer to the [] in the international phonetic alphabet (see Wu Shuyan’s Pronunciation of the vowel o in Chinese Pinyin Scheme), so the exclamations "oh (oh)" yo (yo).

　　 　To sum up, the vowel "O" in "Scheme" is used to mark the vowel symbols of "Bo" (bō), "Po" (pō), "Mo" (mō) and "Buddha" (fó) according to the original intention of the developer. "O" is only spelled with the initial consonant of lip sound, while "uo" is only spelled with other initial consonants other than the initial consonant of lip sound, and their positions are complementary, so we can think that "O" and "uo" are different variants of the same vowel. Reading "O" as "Wo" is not only in line with the original intention of the developers of the Scheme and the actual pronunciation of Beijing dialect, but also in line with the principles of general phonetics, and can be verified by experimental phonetics, which is a correct pronunciation, rather than a "misunderstanding" as mentioned in the above-mentioned tweets and posts.

　　 　Now some people pronounce the vowel "o" as "ou", which may be influenced by the pronunciation of the English letter "o", and it may also be related to the fact that these people don’t know that the pronunciation of letters in the Alphabet and the pronunciation of vowels in the vowel table are two different things. Reading the vowel "o" as "ou" not only does not conform to the original intention of the developers of the Scheme, but also causes the vowel to be mixed with another vowel "ou ou" that has no historical origin and complementary distribution, which is an undesirable mispronunciation. If the vowel "o" is read as "ou", then "bo", "po", "touch" and "Buddha" should be read as bōu, pōu, mōu and Fó u. Isn’t that ridiculous?

　　 　Article 18 of Chapter 1 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on National Common Language stipulates: "The national common language uses the Chinese Pinyin Scheme as a tool for spelling and phonetic notation. The Chinese Pinyin Scheme is a unified standard for the spelling of Roman letters in Chinese’s names, place names and Chinese documents, and is used in areas where Chinese characters are inconvenient or unusable. Primary education should be taught in Chinese Pinyin. " The Chinese Pinyin Scheme is the national standard of Chinese Pinyin and has the binding effect of laws and regulations. Reading the vowel "o" as "ou" is a wrong pronunciation and should be corrected. The author appeals that the media should be cautious when releasing information related to language standards or regulations, so as to avoid the negative impact on the teaching of Chinese Pinyin and the promotion of Putonghua in primary education and teaching Chinese as a foreign language.

　　 　(Author: Meng Pengsheng, a researcher at the Institute of Chinese Language and Literature, Southwest University)

A few cents per episode supports 20 billion markets! The short drama of the explosion is also crazy overseas. What business models and participants are there？

At present, the short play market is hot. We estimate that the paid income of short plays will exceed 20 billion yuan in 2023. Short plays going to sea is also the main direction in the future. It is expected that overseas film and television companies and streaming media platforms may also join the short play blue ocean market.

The competitive advantage of domestic manufacturers is that they have rich experience in short drama production and streaming, and the speed of setting up overseas short drama shooting teams and responding to hot content is more agile, which is expected to seize users’ minds and market share in the early stage of industry start-up. The emerging mini-drama complements and perfects the existing video ecology in two dimensions: content form and distribution link, and there is a huge blue ocean market to be explored at home and abroad.

Source: New Fortune Magazine (ID: xcf Plus)

Author: Kuang Shi (chief analyst of GF Securities Media Internet) Xu Chengjuan (senior analyst of GF Securities Media Internet)

01

Estimation of the market size of short plays

According to the data of flying melon, the huge engine predicts that the short play market will consume 20 billion yuan in 2023. According to the hot cloud data, the average return on investment (ROI) of the short play industry is about 1.1, so we expect that the paid income of short plays will exceed 20 billion yuan in 2023.

The scale of sub-account income of short plays is expected to be less than 1 billion yuan. According to De Tawen, in the first half of 2023, there were 481 mini-dramas launched on domestic long and short video platforms, with 100 mini-dramas launched on Tencent Video, Youku, Mango TV, iQiyi, Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker, 72, 28, 7, 212 and 68 respectively. According to Yunhe’s data, in the first half of 2023, among the micro-short dramas launched online, the sub-accounts of "Provoking" and "Locking Love" exceeded 10 million yuan, and the sub-accounts of 30 short dramas exceeded 1 million yuan. Assuming that the average sub-accounts of the remaining 451 short dramas were 500,000 yuan each, the sub-accounts revenue of micro-short dramas in the first half of 2023 totaled about 360 million yuan. We expect that in 2023,

The market scale of small program short plays has grown rapidly, surpassing the fast-shaking short plays and long-video short plays that have been developed for many years. The main reason is that the "Tik Tok+Jump Payment" mode of small program short plays has a stronger spread in the information flow algorithm and a better user experience than the mode of fast-shaking short plays with promotion and payment at the end. In the diversion dimension, the completion rate of paid video is naturally low, and based on the algorithm, its propagation radius in the short video platform is small.

In the second half of 2022, Tik Tok opened a link of "massive star map purchase → Tik Tok platform diversion → jumping to WeChat applet → paying to watch short plays". Through a large number of film and television experts on Tik Tok platform, the eye-catching plot of short plays of small programs was edited into short video material and put in Tik Tok station. The broadcast effect of the material was good, the reach radius was wide, and the delivery link settled by CPS was accurate. In the dimension of user experience, if you insert video content that needs to be paid to watch completely in the information stream, or directly mount paid short plays, it will hurt the feelings of short video users who are used to free use to some extent, while short plays with small programs need to jump to small programs before entering the payment link, which separates free users on the short video platform from potential users with strong willingness to pay, effectively reducing the bad review rate of talent accounts and streaming materials.

The key miniseries in Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker and long video platforms must pass the content review of the radio and television administrative departments and obtain the Network Drama Distribution License. At present, the small program miniseries are mainly self-reviewed by WeChat and Tik Tok platforms, with a short review period and relatively loose scale.

02

Discussion on the future business model of short play: free VS payment

At present, the main profit model of small program short plays is pay-per-view, and the industry dilemma lies in the low profit level. According to the report of Whale Platform, the single episode of small program short play lasts about 1-2 minutes, the price of single episode ranges from a few cents to 3 yuan per episode, and the delivery cost accounts for about 80%-90% of the total paid income. The production cost of a single short play ranges from 100,000 yuan to millions of yuan, and then the technical service fee of the platform is deducted (for example, WeChat small program charges 10% technical service fee and gives back 6% incentive advertising fee).

The overall profit rate of small program short plays is low, the core reason is that the content of short plays is extremely homogeneous at present, and the product competition is concentrated in the delivery end, which leads to the average ROI of investment rolling up to about 1.1. According to our statistics, from January 1st to November 5th, 2023, the short dramas on the list in Tik Tok’s short program drama explosion weekly list accounted for 34% of the theme of "God of War". The solution to the low profit rate of small programs and short plays is to create differentiated competition through short play content and attract users to pay by virtue of outstanding content quality; The second is to accumulate loyal users through the supply of large-scale short plays and private domains such as APP, community and small programs, so as to improve the stickiness and repurchase rate of platform users and reduce the demand for purchases.

Figure 1: The value industrial chain structure of small programs and short plays

Source: WeChat Advertising Assistant, Reyun Data, Guangfa Securities Development Research Center.

From the perspective of market demand, compared with the content form and distribution link of long videos, short plays have the advantages of short episodes and fast plot rhythm, which are more suitable for the fragmented and exciting entertainment needs of contemporary netizens; and the production threshold is lower, the content supply is more huge, and Tik Tok and other streaming channels are superimposed, so that accurate distribution can be realized according to user tags. Therefore, we judge that after the quantity and quality of content supply in short drama industry are upgraded, there is still much room for further growth in market scale. On the one hand, we can gain new users in the sinking market and increase the viewing frequency, on the other hand, we can gain the fast-paced demand of some users on the long video platform.

From the perspective of business model, the scale effect of three business models, namely, payment on demand, membership subscription and free viewing of advertisements, is increasing. It is expected that the short play industry is similar to the online reading industry, and the free mode will eventually win most of the market share. At the same time, the scale effect of the free model is very strong, and we expect the platform to be highly centralized. Paid short plays will still occupy a certain market share with differentiated high-quality content. The core competitiveness is the content quality of short plays, and the market structure is expected to be relatively dispersed.

There is still some potential market space for short plays. According to the "Data Value Report of Aauto Quicker Short Plays in 2022" compiled by the magnetic engine, in 2021, the number of users who have seen Aauto Quicker short plays in China has exceeded 1 billion; According to people’s entertainment reports, as of July 2022, the daily users of short plays in Aauto Quicker reached 260 million. According to the report of the Capital Radio and Television Program Producers Association, the number of paid daily users (DAU) of mini-mini-dramas has exceeded 10 million. Assuming that the monthly paid users of short plays are divided into 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 120 and 150 million, and the average user income (ARPU) is 50 yuan/month/person, the annual paid income of the corresponding short plays is 180, 360, 540, 72 and 90 billion yuan. Assuming that the daily users of free short plays are 1.0, 1.3, 1.7, 250 and 330 million, and the average advertising revenue generated by a single DAU is 0.7 yuan/day/person, the annual advertising revenue of the corresponding short plays is 256, 319, 426, 639 and 852 million yuan. According to LatePost, the revenue of tomato novels exceeds 10 billion yuan. According to QuestMobile, the average DAU of tomato novels in 2022 is 61.82 million, and the average advertising revenue achieved by a single DAU is about 0.44 yuan/day/person. Considering the short play content, the advertising forms that can be inserted are more diverse than the text content, and the advertising value is higher. However, it is expected that the free mode will seize most of the short drama users’ time, leading to a decline in the overall payment rate of the short drama industry.

03

There are many short plays, and the online platform presents a first-Mover advantage.

This year’s explosive small program short play market and low production threshold attracted a large number of players. At present, there are mainly the following participants in the short drama industry.

The first is the web platform. This kind of participants have two competitive advantages. One is that the IP of the reserved web text can be adapted into short plays, which are highly coincident in terms of user portraits, cool content and so on. The other is that the mature web text investment or distribution link can be reused with small programs and short plays. Due to the resource endowment of the online platform at both ends of copyright and distribution, it is the main player in the short play market of small programs at this stage. According to the huge amount of engine data cited by Whale Platform, from the fourth quarter of 2022 to the third quarter of 2023, the number of short drama copyright owners increased from 41 to 150, of which online literature accounted for 48%. At present, Dianzhong and Kyushu, which are in the first echelon of the small program short play industry, both started as online platforms, accounting for 18% and 15% of the explosion of small program short plays in Tik Tok this year respectively.

The second is the marketing company. The competitive advantages of such participants are: first, they have mature experience in content marketing and streaming; second, they can integrate talents, brand advertisers, e-commerce and other resources in the system, extend the realization chain of short plays, and obtain incremental benefits through online celebrity incubation, advertising placement, live broadcast and delivery.

The third is the film and television company. The competitive advantages of such participants are rich film and television resources and professional drama production ability. With the improvement of industry supervision and the upgrading of users’ aesthetics, the production threshold of small programs and short plays will be improved as a whole, and the quality of content will become a more critical core competitiveness. We judge that film and television companies will become the main players in the short play market in the next stage.

The fourth is the state-owned enterprise of radio and television department. The competitive advantage of this kind of participants is that they have the License of Audio-visual Program for Information Network Communication and related film and television resources.

In addition, many game companies, social platforms, e-commerce companies, comic platforms, etc. are entering the short drama track by virtue of their competitiveness in content production and investment.

Figure 2: Number of times in Tik Tok’s short program and short drama explosion weekly list from January 1, 2023 to November 5, 2023 (times)

Source: Tik Tok, Guangfa Securities Development Research Center.

04

Radio and television, small programs and short plays move towards standardized review

In view of the censorship policy of short plays, short and long video platforms have been brought into the standardized management of radio and television administrative departments, and it is necessary to review the contents of the radio and television administrative departments and obtain the Network Drama Distribution License, or complete the filing of online audio-visual programs in accordance with the relevant regulations on the management of network dramas. At present, platforms such as Tik Tok and WeChat are responsible for the censorship of short plays. On the whole, the content review scale of small program platform is relatively looser than that of radio and television management department, and some small program short plays contain industry chaos such as bad value orientation and vulgar edging. On the one hand, the radio and television management department encourages the industry to develop continuously, on the other hand, it accelerates the improvement of management mechanism and tightens the efforts to control illegal content.

On November 15th, 2023, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television once again launched a one-month special rectification work, focusing on the orientation, title, content, aesthetics, personnel, publicity, broadcasting and other aspects of online mini-dramas, increasing the disposal of illegal online mini-dramas, and improving the review mechanism of advertising promotion. Subsequently, Tik Tok, WeChat, Aauto Quicker and other platforms have issued disposal announcements. Tik Tok recently removed 119 micro-short plays that violated regulations in small programs and disposed of 1188 Tik Tok accounts that illegally promoted micro-short plays; Aauto Quicker removed more than 10 illegal mini-dramas, and punished 13 accounts that posted illegal content according to the degree of violation. In the future, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television plans to formulate "Detailed Rules for the Creation, Production and Content Audit of Internet Miniature Plays" to promote the inclusion of Internet Miniature Plays APP and applets in daily institutional management.

We judge that the content review requirements of small program short plays in terms of film title, theme, plot, aesthetics, personnel, etc. will gradually be in line with the network short plays of long and short video platforms, especially for key short plays with certain influence or popularity. Previously, the industry chaos that some small programs and short plays attract users through vulgar and eye-catching plots will eventually be completely managed, and the content competition will turn to the production and development capabilities of dramas under the compliance framework. Finally, the network micro-short drama APP and small programs will be included in the daily institutional management under the radio and television system.

05

Short Play Going to Sea: Blue Ocean Market, which is expected to create a leading vertical APP.

Short drama APP is a new "top stream" for China’s application to the sea. According to data.ai Intelligence data, short drama manufacturers began to try to enter the overseas market in 2022. As the head product ReelShort accelerated the launch of local original short dramas and increased the scale of launch, the overseas downloads of short drama apps began to explode in June 2023. From July to October, the overseas monthly downloads of short drama apps remained above 2 million.

As a kind of short video content, short plays have both short and compact narrative rhythm and continuous plot development. When short plays go to sea, users have lower understanding threshold, stronger audio-visual experience, and it is easier to build a production system that specializes in producing content (PGC) overseas. Therefore, we expect that short plays will go to sea more easily than long video platforms and web platforms.

Figure 3: Overseas monthly downloads of popular short drama apps go by.

Data source: data.ai Intelligence, Guangfa Securities Development Research Center.

Similar to the current situation of the domestic short drama industry, the current short drama participants are mainly online text manufacturers, game companies, marketing companies and video platforms with overseas experience. Among them, online text manufacturers have also seized the leading position in the overseas short drama market by virtue of their rich IP reserves, domestic short drama production experience, overseas investment ability and user accumulation. It is expected that overseas film and television companies and streaming media platforms may also join the short drama blue ocean market in the future. The competitive advantage of domestic manufacturers lies in their rich experience in short drama production and streaming, and their ability to form overseas short drama shooting teams and respond to hot content is more agile, which is expected to seize users’ minds and market share at the initial stage of industry start-up.

From the perspective of ReelShort’s starting path, the core driving force is the content of explosive short plays and the scale of delivery. According to the little data, the download volume and income of ReelShort increased significantly in July, the end of August and the end of October this year, corresponding to ReelShort’s launch of explosive short plays "Fated to My Forbidden Alpha" and "The Double Life of My Billionaire Hubband" in June. On August 28th, the short drama "Goodbye, My CEO" was launched, and on October 21st, the short drama "I Got Married Without You" was launched. At the same time, according to APPgrowing, ReelShort’s launch scale has increased synchronously around the above time point. ReelShort’s distribution channel is mainly Meta-system. According to APPgrowing, the delivery channels of ReelShort this year accounted for 25%, 25%, 24% and 24% respectively.

06

Investment direction: There is a huge blue ocean market to be explored at home and abroad.

The emerging short play of small programs complements and perfects the existing video ecology in two dimensions: content form and distribution link, and there is a huge blue ocean market to be explored at home and abroad. In China, the paid income of small programs and short plays is expected to exceed 20 billion yuan this year, and it still maintains a relatively fast growth rate, but the overall profit rate is low due to the relatively low content quality and fierce competition at the delivery end. The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television has begun to tighten the content review. It is expected that the overall quality, matching user range and profit level of short plays will be significantly improved after the clearing of the industry and the entry of professional production institutions. It is judged that the business model of short plays in the future will be paid and free. The core competitiveness of the free short play platform is the user scale and will occupy the main market share, and the core competitiveness of paid short plays is the differentiated high-quality content. Overseas, a large number of short drama apps have been launched and their rankings have risen rapidly. At present, the estimated revenue of ReelShort, the leading product, has exceeded US$ 20.51 million so far this year, and the overseas short drama market is still in the stage of large-scale content capacity building and user cultivation.

At present, the head short video platform’s support for short drama content at home and abroad and its extension to the production of short drama content deserve special attention. Pay attention to reading companies with rich IP and high synergy with short drama format; In addition, based on rich experience in content production, some film and television or game companies will release their production capacity and competitive advantage in the next stage, and they can pay attention to the stimulation of the emergence of explosive works on industrial development. At the same time, the content output cycle of short drama industry is short, and the iteration is fast. Marketing announcement is an important help for product breakthrough. With more short drama platforms and content going out to sea in 2024, it is expected that the marketing budget will also increase at a high speed. Paying attention to marketing companies with content marketing and going out to sea will extend the realization chain of short drama content.

However, at present, the short drama industry still needs to pay attention to four major risks. First, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television has tightened its censorship policy on small programs and short plays; Second, the intensified competition in the industry has further reduced the profit rate; Third, the uncertainty of the income of short drama projects; Fourth, the progress and performance of short drama business of listed companies are less than expected.

Any information and information mentioned in this article is only the expression of the author’s personal views or the statement of specific events, and does not constitute recommendation and investment advice, and does not represent the position of the society. Investors should bear the risks and consequences of investing accordingly.

Notice on Launching the Special Action of ＂Clear and Clear Network Violent Control＂

Network Information Offices of Party Committees of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, and Network Information Offices of Party Committees of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps:

According to the overall arrangement of the "Qinglang" series of special actions in 2023, the Central Network Information Office decided to launch a one-month special action of "Qinglang Network Malicious Remediation" nationwide from now on. The relevant matters are hereby notified as follows.

First, clear work objectives

Focus on the key links where online rage is easy to breed, severely crack down on malicious attacks, provoke group opposition, vent extreme emotions and other outstanding issues, resolutely punish a number of illegal accounts, groups and website platforms, and effectively curb the spread of online rage. By carrying out special rectification, we will further compact the main responsibility of the website platform, find out the problems and loopholes in depth, improve the system and mechanism for preventing and controlling network rage, effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of the majority of netizens, and maintain a good network ecology.

Second, focus on rectifying 7 kinds of outstanding problems

The special action focuses on key platform types such as social networking, short video and live broadcast, and resolutely cracks down on the following seven issues:

1. The behavior of "network toilet" and "opening a box to hang people".Create special BOT accounts, post bars, topics, groups, etc., and receive and publish mocking, malicious comments, curses and abuse information for specific groups or individuals through anonymous submission and shouting from a distance. Maliciously "open the box" and "hang people" in the name of exposure and criticism, and disclose other people’s names, ID numbers, mobile phone numbers, home addresses, work units, personal photos, social accounts and other personal privacy information, inciting netizens to attack and abuse.

2. Malicious by social hot eventsdefame, rumor attack.Make rumors and slanders about the parties involved in emergencies, or edit and process pictures and videos that are seriously inconsistent with the facts, and induce netizens to attack and question the parties. Make use of the image of the parties involved in hot events, make and publish expression packs, and use AI software to synthesize false pictures or videos such as vulgar pornography and bloody horror, and carry out rumor attacks and spoofs.

3. Stigmatize specific groups and incite regional opposition.Associating individual malignant social events and negative figures with gender, occupation, region and other characteristics, stigmatizing and labeling specific groups negatively, publishing statements of gender opposition, class opposition and regional discrimination, and carrying out generalized attacks to intensify social contradictions.

4. Fighting PK and other vulgar bad live broadcast behaviors.Network anchors use acts such as bravado, PK drinking, swearing and spitting dirty, etc., to increase powder and drain. In the process of other people’s live broadcast, they use barrage, even wheat and other functions to carry out personal attacks, and even encourage extreme behaviors such as suicide and self-harm. Fabricate violent conflict scripts such as fighting and fighting, attract netizens to watch and disrupt public order.

5. Organize malicious abuse and report others.In the name of "helping to do things" and "solving worries and relieving anger", we provide paid substitute scolding services, and leave messages to abuse and attack private messages on specific accounts. Organize fan groups to use the platform’s functions such as "reporting" and "anti-black" to maliciously report others in batches. Release comments in the fields of entertainment, sports, e-sports and other fields, and induce fans to tear each other and criticize each other.

6. Fabricate network slang and maliciously create stalks.Malicious fabrication of vulgar and bad buzzwords through pinyin, homophonic, demonstrative pronouns, etc., pollutes the network atmosphere. Use foul language and foul language, deliberately provoke contradictions and create conflicts of opposites.

7. Incite extreme emotions on the Internet.Fabricate sensational post titles and publish "anger posts" that are out of nothing and have no bottom line. Malicious exaggeration of the contradiction between teachers and students, rendering parents "oppress" and "squeeze" their children, provoking the opposition of relations, and forming a bad direction for minors. Deliberately play up negative feelings, anxiety and resentment, and spread hate and opposition.

Third, severely punish illegal accounts, groups and platforms according to law.

During the special campaign, we should stick to heavy punches, focus on closing a number of account groups with serious violations and bad influence, resolutely ban a number of functional sections with angry gathering and outstanding problems, and strictly investigate and deal with a number of website platforms that fail to perform their duties and commit crimes against the wind, forming a powerful shock.

1.Strictly investigate and deal withviolate regulationsaccount number、groupPost it..In-depth investigation of high-risk accounts and groups, resolutely ban accounts and groups with the theme of "network toilets", "opening boxes to hang people" and "stepping on the battlefield", severely investigate and deal with anchor accounts that organize vicious PK and live broadcast, severely punish "self-media" accounts that publish "headline party" content and deliberately incite online rage, and focus on closing a number of circles and super-words named after insulting words and crowded with online rage.

2. Strictly investigate and deal with itviolate regulationsFunction setting.Strengthen the management of key functions such as live barrage, continuous wheat and PK, and resolutely clean up and dispose of the content of online suffocation. Centralized cancellation of a number of functional applications that organize malicious reports in batches. It is forbidden to push "online toilet" accounts to users through functions such as "related recommendation", "TA attention" and "people who may be interested". Strengthen the audit management of emoticons, P-picture puzzles, video clips, AI synthesis and other functions, and clean up emoticons, pictures and videos that contain spoof attacks and provoke opposition.

three.Strictly investigate and deal with illegal platformsLink.Supervise the website platform to strengthen the management of lists, topics, recommendations, comments, private messages, etc. It is strictly forbidden to push content that incites and promotes online anger in lists, recommendations, etc., and reduce the harassment of strangers’ private messages by setting up "private message folding" and "message boxes". For websites, apps, and small programs with outstanding problems, punishment measures such as rectification within a time limit, fines, suspension of related functions, and shutdown and removal shall be taken according to law.

Fourth, refine the work requirements

1.Do a good job in deployment and promotion.In combination with local conditions, formulate detailed implementation plans, fully equip and strengthen the work force, pay close attention to the task deployment and implementation, organize the evaluation of the governance effect of the website platform as appropriate, and urge the rectification and implementation.

2.Compaction platform responsibility.Guide the local website platform to comprehensively investigate problems and loopholes, focus on key links, sections and functions, carry out in-depth self-examination and self-correction, improve the content management mechanism, and ensure the effectiveness of special actions.

3.Strengthen publicity and exposure.Announce the launch and phased progress of special actions, and publish typical cases on key platforms every week. Strengthen education and guidance, encourage netizens to actively participate in reporting complaints and jointly resist online rage.

Secretariat of the Central Network Information Office

November 10, 2023

Selling 200,000 vehicles this year？ New energy VAN sold nearly 50 thousand vehicles in the first quarter

Speed reading:

1. In the first quarter of 2024, the total sales volume of new energy VAN system was 45,869 vehicles, up 46.36% year-on-year;

2. In the first quarter, there were 7,129 micro-surface sales, including 25,491 medium-surface sales and 13,249 large-surface sales;

3. 7 Fangda led the rapid growth of VAN Department, with a year-on-year increase of over 480%.

With the release of sales in March, sales in the first quarter of 2024 also settled. According to the data of tram resources, the total sales volume of new energy VAN series vehicles in the first quarter of 2024 was 45,869, an increase of 46.4% compared with the first quarter of 2023, which was a successful conclusion for the first quarter.

This sales achievement of VAN series cars in the first quarter has greatly boosted the confidence of the industry. According to previous years’ experience, it is better to predict that the annual sales volume of VAN series cars is expected to reach 200,000 this year.

Selling 200,000 vehicles this year? New energy VAN sold nearly 50 thousand vehicles in the first quarter

Sales volume: Sales volume rose in the first quarter, but it may fall back in April.

According to the data of tram resources in the first quarter, the new energy micro-surface sold a total of 7129 vehicles, down 35.4% year-on-year; A total of 25,491 vehicles were sold in the new energy market, up 41.4% year-on-year; A total of 13,249 new energy vehicles were sold, up 481.1% year-on-year.

Selling 200,000 vehicles this year? New energy VAN sold nearly 50 thousand vehicles in the first quarter

The first quarter is often the key to the annual sales. In previous years, due to the car parking at the end of the year, the sales volume in the first quarter was low in the whole year. With the end of 2023, the sales system of new energy logistics vehicles has also turned to normal development. Overall, the sales volume in the first quarter of 2024 was a good start.

However, Tram Resources believes that April sales will not necessarily achieve further growth, but may fall back.

According to the monthly data, due to the influence of the Spring Festival holiday, the overall sales volume of new energy VAN series vehicles declined in February, but the rapid recovery in March brought about a large increase in the first quarter.

At the same time, according to the trend in 2023, March is the peak of sales in the first quarter, and after the peak, it will fall back briefly, so the sales of new energy VAN series vehicles may fall back in April 2024.

Model: The pattern of sales focusing on a single model is breaking.

Selling 200,000 vehicles this year? New energy VAN sold nearly 50 thousand vehicles in the first quarter

Selling 200,000 vehicles this year? New energy VAN sold nearly 50 thousand vehicles in the first quarter

Judging from the specific hot-selling models, the series is far ahead with a market share of 15.88%. In the first quarter of 2024, the total sales volume of Remote Star Enjoy V was 7,284 vehicles, down 6.03% year-on-year. With the support of the sales volume of remote Star V series vehicles, the total sales volume of remote new energy commercial vehicle VAN series products in the first quarter was 8082, accounting for 17.62% of the new energy VAN series vehicles in the first quarter.

According to the tram resources, the long-range new energy commercial vehicle has accelerated the layout of new energy products. In the first quarter, two VAN series products have been listed, namely, the remote star enjoys the V7E, and the latter is a 7-party model with the family-style design of the remote star. The official guide price starts from 112,800 yuan. It is understood that remote new energy commercial vehicles are also building their differentiated competitive routes. By building a remote e-home, a three-dimensional user service ecology of "buy, use, return and exchange" is created, and it is also one of the few car companies that have introduced the insured repurchase policy.

Ranked second is Ruichi EC75, which sold 4,753 vehicles in the first quarter of 2024, accounting for 10.36% of the market. In terms of sales volume, the sales focus of Ruichi New Energy has been biased towards Ruichi EC75, accounting for 85.5% of the sales volume of VAN series vehicles in the first quarter of Ruichi New Energy. However, Tram Resources has learned that Ruichi New Energy is also adjusting and controlling the situation of five-sided micro-surface, and launched the champion version of Ruichi EC35II in a targeted manner to test the market at a relatively low price, but its use remains to be seen in the subsequent market performance.

The third-ranked Kairui, as the VAN series model promoted by Kairui New Energy, sold 3,250 vehicles in the first quarter of 2024, down 25.75% year-on-year. In terms of overall sales volume, the sales volume of Kairui New Energy in VAN series models mainly depends on Kairui finless porpoise models, accounting for more than 90%. However, according to the tram resources, at present, Kairui New Energy is also subdividing products for market segments, and launching five Kairui finless porpoises E5 and seven Kairui finless porpoises E7, which may effectively improve the situation of "putting eggs in one basket" in the future.

It is worth noting that the product sales of Dongfeng light vehicle, SAIC Chase and Futian are more balanced in market segments. In addition, at present, major OEMs are also launching new models for sub-sectors, such as Kairui’s finless porpoises E5 and E7, Remote Star Enjoy V7E and Beiqi Letch bedding. However, the time to market of these models is relatively late, and the pulling effect on the subsequent sales growth of OEMs remains to be tested by the market.

Cities: Four cities in Guangdong are on the list, and "new gameplay" deserves attention.

In the first quarter city sales list (below), the top four in the TOP10 list are all cities in Guangdong. With a total sales volume of 4,807 vehicles in the first quarter, Shenzhen was far ahead with a market share of over 10.48%, ranking first. In terms of models, the three best-selling models in Guangdong are: Remote Star Enjoy V, Ruichi EC75 and Kairui finless porpoise.

Selling 200,000 vehicles this year? New energy VAN sold nearly 50 thousand vehicles in the first quarter

According to the statistics of Collaborative Innovation Center, in 2023, the penetration rate of light new energy cargo logistics vehicles in Shenzhen was close to 70%, far exceeding the national level of 14%. In other words, the fuel light trucks in Shenzhen have been replaced by pure electric vehicles in large quantities, which has formed a replicable and operable model for other cities.

The Pearl River Delta region, with Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Foshan and Dongguan as the core commercial logistics regions, has established the sales pattern of the new energy VAN market. According to the tram resources, the distribution operators in Shenzhen, Foshan and Dongguan have set up a live broadcast system on vehicle sales and leasing, and the role of this new gameplay in driving sales is gradually emerging. At the same time, the four cities have developed economies, close business linkages and prosperous green logistics industry, creating unique conditions for the iterative demand for new energy VAN.

Except for Guangdong, the sales volume of Zhejiang and Jiangsu provinces is equal, and the market share is above 9.5%. Zhejiang’s best-selling models are Remote Star Enjoy V and Ruichi EC75, while Jiangsu’s best-selling models are Dongfeng Yufeng EM27L and Remote Star Enjoy V and there are certain differences in selection.

It is also worth noting that Zhengzhou, Henan Province, as the only city in the Central Plains among the TOP10 cities, has the best-selling models of Ruichi EC75 and Remote Star Enjoy V, but there is no big gap between the sales of the two cars and other models behind, indicating that the overall sales system is also relatively healthy.

summarize

Judging from the sales of hot-selling models, the overall sales of head enterprises are still supported by a single model. However, judging from the vehicle model planning disclosed by the OEM, this pattern is being broken.

Some people in the industry have told Tram Resources that the cost gap of the previous 5-party, 6-party and 7-party models is not big, but there is a big gap in pricing. After the bright price sales model has become the industry consensus, coupled with the poor logistics market, the price difference between generous and large-capacity models and other models is no longer obvious, and end users are more willing to buy generous models.

However, judging from the overall sales trend in the first quarter, the sales volume of new energy VAN has exceeded the same period of last year, and many new models have been on the hot-selling list, indicating that the new energy VAN system as a whole continues to improve and the industry confidence has been greatly boosted. Therefore, some people optimistically predict that the sales volume of VAN series cars is expected to exceed 200,000 this year. What do you think about this? You can discuss it in the comments section.

For more information, please pay attention to tram resources.