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Calculate the ＂unbearable＂ ＂five insurances and one gold＂ account： in some places, the payment accounts for more than half of the salary.

Calculate the "unbearable" "five insurances and one gold" account: in some places, the payment accounts for more than half of the salary. 

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 2 (Reporter Hua Yedi, Ding Wenjie) "Xiao Li, the manager of a restaurant in Changsha, has an average monthly salary of 2,500 yuan, and needs to pay 8% of old-age insurance, 2% of medical insurance, 1% of unemployment insurance and 12% of housing accumulation fund, totaling 575 yuan, and finally got 1,925 yuan";

"The monthly salary of Xiao Liu, a drugstore employee, is 3,932 yuan, the insurance premium paid by enterprises is 1,160 yuan, the insurance premium paid by individuals is 11% is 432.5 yuan, and the total insurance premium paid by enterprises and individuals is 1,592.5 yuan, which accounts for 40.5% of the salary, excluding the housing accumulation fund" …

These are two cases in a series of surveys on the wages of ordinary employees made by Xie Zilong, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman of Hunan People’s Pharmacy. "If 12% of the housing provident fund is added, the payment rate of’ five insurances and one fund’ of enterprises will reach 52.5%, accounting for more than half of the wages, which has become an unbearable burden for enterprises and employees."

    In many places, the payment ratio exceeds 50%

Representative Xie Zilong’s survey found that according to the relevant provisions of China’s social security policy, the proportion of five social security contributions (pension, medical care, unemployment, work-related injury and maternity) is 29.5% to 30% for enterprises, including 20% for pension, 6% for medical care, 2% for unemployment, 1% for work-related injury and 0.5%-1% for maternity, and individuals have accumulated to about 11%. Some areas even reach or even exceed 50% of wages. "

Even internationally, such a payment ratio is relatively high. According to the survey conducted by the representative of Xie Zilong, among the 125 countries in the world, only 11 countries have rates higher than 40%. Except for China, the other 10 countries are all European countries. The social security rates in China are higher than those in Germany and the United States, and also higher than those in Japan and South Korea in Asia.

    Low-income groups are "embarrassed and burdened"

What are the adverse consequences of the high payment ratio of "five insurances and one gold"? Deputy Xie Zilong analyzed that the most direct impact is that the disposable income of employees is greatly reduced, and the social security premium rate, which accounts for 40% to 50% of wages, can be used when buying a house, and a considerable proportion of wages are excluded from free use by social security.

Especially for working-class people who live only on wages, the pressure is great. According to the current relevant regulations in China, 60% to 300% of the average salary of the previous year is the payment base. This means that the average social wage increases, and the payment base will also rise. Xie Zilong quoted the data of Changsha Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security as saying that the minimum standard of social security payment base was 2,002 yuan in 2013, and it was raised to 2,195 yuan in 2014, an increase of nearly 10%. Even if the monthly salary is less than 2,000 yuan, enterprises and employees have to pay social security according to the lower limit of the payment base of 2,195 yuan, which leads to the actual salary falling instead of rising.

On the other hand, for enterprises, the high social security premium rate increases their operational difficulties and weakens their vitality. "This is more prominent in small and medium-sized enterprises, especially labor-intensive enterprises such as construction and service industries with more migrant workers." Taking a retail enterprise as an example, the representative of Xie Zilong said that from 2011 to 2013, the employees’ total contributions to "five insurances and one fund" were 36.77%, 45.06% and 32.74% of the annual net profit respectively.

Excessive social security burden of enterprises, in turn, hinders the growth of employees’ income and the improvement of welfare: salary increase is often restricted; Some enterprises, especially those that use a relatively high proportion of migrant workers, evade the responsibility of paying social security to employees by missing, underpaying or even not paying, so as to reduce the production and operation costs of enterprises.

The representative of Xie Zilong also found that because the base of social security contributions in China has been rising year after year, the rising space of employees’ wages has been offset by the high social security rate, which makes many enterprises find it difficult to raise their wages, while a large number of employees and other difficult groups often negotiate with enterprises to give up paying social security in order to earn more wages.

    The high payment rate has attracted increasing attention.

The reporter noted that related phenomena have been concerned by the central high-level officials. At the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, it was proposed that the social insurance premium rate should be appropriately reduced in a timely manner. At a joint meeting held in the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) not long ago, Ma Kai, Vice Premier of the State Council, also pointed out that the payment level is really high, and "five insurances and one fund" has accounted for 40% to 50% of the total wages, which makes enterprises feel heavy burden.

In addition to calling for "reducing the social security premium rate as soon as possible", the representative of Xie Zilong also suggested increasing the flexibility of the "five insurances and one fund" payment policy: adjusting the premium rate according to the economic operation state, such as starting a temporary social insurance premium reduction and deferment policy to help enterprises tide over the difficulties.

At the same time, the representative of Xie Zilong suggested that the central and local governments should appropriately allocate funds, increase social security expenditure, subsidize enterprises and individuals to pay for old-age insurance, and actively expand other income sources of social security funds, including the transfer of operating income from state-owned assets and investment income from social security funds.

The general secretary’s idea of building a community of cyberspace destiny can be summarized as ＂four sentences＂

　　CCTV News:On November 7, the State Council Press Office held a press conference to introduce the white paper "Building a Community of Cyberspace Destiny Together" and answer questions from reporters.

　　A reporter asked: Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Supreme Leader General Secretary has put forward the idea of building a community of cyberspace destiny. Can you talk about the general secretary’s understanding and understanding of the idea of building a community of cyberspace destiny?

　　Yang Shuzhen, director of the Policy Research Bureau of the National Internet Information Office, responded: At the second world internet conference held in December 2015, the Chairman of the Supreme Leader delivered a keynote speech, which clearly put forward the idea of "building a community of cyberspace destiny" for the first time. Since then, he has made profound explanations for many times, so that its connotation has been continuously enriched and developed, and its influence has become increasingly extensive and far-reaching, which has become the general consensus of the international community. Through study and understanding, I feel that this important idea can be summarized as "four sentences":

　　The first sentence is the important idea of insight into the change of the world. At present, the world is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a century. On the one hand, the historical trend of peace, development, cooperation and win-win is unstoppable. On the other hand, hegemonic bullying is extremely harmful, the international community is facing unprecedented challenges, and the world once again stands at the crossroads of history. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has an insight into the changes of the world, the times and the history, and clearly put forward a major idea of building a community of human destiny. Building a community of cyberspace destiny is an important part of building a community of human destiny, and it is an important content of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, especially the important thought of the General Secretary on cyber power, which provides an ideological guide for the international community to cope with the great changes and new challenges and work together to build a community of cyberspace destiny.

　　The second sentence is the strategic goal of conforming to the trend of the times. At present, the new scientific and technological revolution represented by information technology is changing with each passing day. The Internet has turned the world into a "global village", and the international community has increasingly become a community of destiny in which you have me and I have you. Focusing on the general trend of development in the information age, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly put forward the "four commonalities" strategic objectives of building a community of cyberspace destiny, namely, common development, common security maintenance, common governance participation and shared achievements, and strived to build cyberspace into a development community, a security community, a responsibility community and a benefit community for the benefit of all mankind, which pointed out the strategic objectives for building a community of cyberspace destiny.

　　The third sentence is the basic principle of solving practical problems. Internet has effectively promoted the progress of human civilization, but also brought a series of new threats and challenges to the sovereignty, security and development interests of all countries. Cyberspace hegemonism and power politics are increasingly emerging, protectionism and unilateralism are on the rise, and cyber attacks and cyber crimes are becoming increasingly serious. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader adheres to the problem orientation and systematic thinking, and clearly puts forward the "four principles" to promote the reform of the global Internet governance system, namely, respecting network sovereignty, maintaining peace and security, promoting open cooperation, and building a good order, which points out the direction principle for building a community of cyberspace destiny.

　　The fourth sentence is China’s proposition of enhancing human welfare. The Internet is the spiritual home shared by mankind, and the future of cyberspace should be jointly created by all countries in the world. Focusing on improving the well-being of all mankind, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly put forward a "five-point proposal" to build a community of cyberspace destiny, namely, accelerating the construction of global network infrastructure and promoting interconnection; Create an online cultural exchange and sharing platform to promote exchanges and mutual learning; Promote the innovation and development of network economy and promote common prosperity; Ensure network security and promote orderly development; Building an Internet governance system and promoting fairness and justice provide a practical path for building a community of cyberspace destiny, which will surely promote the development of the Internet and better benefit the people of China and the world.

Supreme Leader： Founding the Community Consciousness of the Chinese Nation

　　From July 12 to 15, 2022, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed during his inspection tour in Xinjiang that it is necessary to build a strong sense of the Chinese nation community and promote exchanges and integration among all ethnic groups. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always attached great importance to ethnic work and repeatedly stressed the need to strive to promote the great unity of all ethnic groups and build a strong sense of the Chinese nation community.Party construction network micro-platformI sorted out some relevant important expositions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary and studied them together.

　　From July 12 to 15, 2022, the Supreme Leader visited Xinjiang. This is the morning of the 13th, when the Supreme Leader visited Guyuan Lane Community in Tianshan District of Urumqi, he waved to the people of all ethnic groups. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xueren photo

　　Cultural identity is the deepest identity and the root of national unity.

　　Culture is the soul of a nation, and cultural identity is the root of national unity. All ethnic groups should respect and appreciate each other in culture, learn from each other and learn from each other. Strengthening the education of socialist core values among the people of all ethnic groups and firmly establishing a correct view of the motherland, nationality, culture and history are very important for building a spiritual home shared by all ethnic groups and casting a solid sense of the Chinese nation community. We should take this as a guide, promote the inheritance, protection and innovation of ethnic cultures, establish and highlight the Chinese cultural symbols and the image of the Chinese nation shared by all ethnic groups, and enhance the recognition of Chinese culture by the people of all ethnic groups.

　　— — On September 27, 2019, the Supreme Leader delivered a speech at the National Commendation Conference on National Unity and Progress.

　　With the goal of strengthening identity, we should carry out in-depth cultural embellishment in Xinjiang. Cultural identity is the deepest identity. It is necessary to correct historical and cultural cognition and highlight the characteristics of Chinese culture and the visual image of the Chinese nation. It is necessary to build a discourse system and an effective carrier to show the commonality of Chinese culture and the historical facts of Xinjiang’s exchanges and exchanges with various ethnic groups in the mainland from various angles and in all directions, so that Chinese culture can be fully displayed and reach people’s hearts through real things, educate and guide the people of all ethnic groups to establish correct views on the country, history, nationality, culture and religion, and enhance their recognition of the great motherland, the Chinese nation, Chinese culture, the Communist Party of China (CPC) and Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader during his inspection tour in Xinjiang from July 12 to 15, 2022.

　　On September 27, 2019, the National Commendation Conference for National Unity and Progress was held in Beijing. This is the award presented by the top leaders to the commended exemplary collective and exemplary individual representatives. Xinhua News Agency reporter Ding Linshe

　　Building a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation

　　To comprehensively promote the construction of a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation, we should thoroughly sum up the successful experience of our party’s ethnic work in the past century in the study and education of the history of the Party, the history of New China, the history of reform and opening up, and the history of socialist development, deepen the study of our party’s important thoughts on strengthening and improving ethnic work, strengthen the education of modern civilization, carry out in-depth projects such as the creation of civilization, the construction of citizens’ morality, and the cultivation of new people in the times, and guide the masses of all ethnic groups to move toward modernization in terms of ideas, spiritual interests and lifestyles.

　　— — From August 27th to 28th, 2021, the Supreme Leader’s Speech at the Central Conference on Ethnic Work.

　　It is necessary to build a strong sense of the Chinese nation’s community and promote exchanges and exchanges among all ethnic groups. Chinese civilization is the root of all ethnic cultures in Xinjiang. It is necessary to educate and guide the broad masses of cadres and people to correctly understand the history of Xinjiang, especially the history of national development, to firmly establish the Chinese nation’s historical view, to firmly build China’s heart and Chinese soul, and especially to further promote the "building the foundation" project for young people and build a spiritual home shared by the Chinese nation. It is necessary to promote the people of all ethnic groups to gradually realize the all-round embedding in space, culture, economy, society and psychology, and promote all ethnic groups to hold together like pomegranate seeds.

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader during his inspection tour in Xinjiang from July 12 to 15, 2022.

　　From August 27th to 28th, 2021, the Central Conference on Ethnic Work was held in Beijing. The supreme leader attended the meeting and delivered an important speech. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xueren photo

　　National unity is the lifeline of the people of all ethnic groups in China, and the sense of Chinese national community is the foundation of national unity.

　　To do a good job in the party’s ethnic work in the new era, it is necessary to take the awareness of the Chinese national community as the main line of the party’s ethnic work. To build a strong sense of the Chinese nation’s community is to guide the people of all ethnic groups to firmly establish the community concept of sharing weal and woe, sharing weal and woe, and sharing destiny. It is an inevitable requirement to maintain the fundamental interests of all ethnic groups. Only by building a solid ideological Great Wall to safeguard national unity and national unity, and all ethnic groups jointly safeguarding national security and social stability, can we effectively resist the infiltration and subversion of all kinds of extreme and separatist ideas, continuously realize the people of all ethnic groups’ yearning for a better life, and achieve, safeguard and develop the fundamental interests of all ethnic groups.

　　— — From August 27th to 28th, 2021, the Supreme Leader’s Speech at the Central Conference on Ethnic Work.

　　National unity is the lifeline of the people of all ethnic groups in China, and the sense of Chinese national community is the foundation of national unity. We should firmly grasp the main line of building a strong sense of the Chinese nation’s community, deepen the education of national unity and progress, guide the people of all ethnic groups to firmly establish the community concept of sharing weal and woe, sharing weal and woe, sharing destiny, constantly consolidate the ideological foundation of the Chinese nation’s community, promote all ethnic groups to hold together like pomegranate seeds in the Chinese nation’s big family, jointly build a great motherland, jointly create a better life, and strive to maintain a stable and healthy economic environment, a social environment of prosperity and national security, and a clean and upright political environment.

　　— — On March 5, 2022, the Supreme Leader’s speech during the deliberation of the Inner Mongolia delegation.

　　On March 5, 2022, the Supreme Leader attended the deliberation of the Inner Mongolia delegation at the Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Jingwen photo

　　Our national theories and policies are good and effective.

　　Strengthening and perfecting the Party’s overall leadership is the fundamental political guarantee for the Party’s ethnic work in the new era. Party committees at all levels should strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two safeguards", constantly improve their political judgment, political understanding and political execution, bear in mind that "the country is the biggest", earnestly perform their main responsibilities, and put the party’s leadership throughout the whole process of ethnic work, forming a unified leadership of the party Committee, legal management by the government, coordination by the United Front Department, conscientious performance by ethnic work departments, full cooperation by all departments and the whole society.

　　— — From August 27th to 28th, 2021, the Supreme Leader’s Speech at the Central Conference on Ethnic Work.

　　We creatively combined Marxist ethnic theory with the specific reality of ethnic issues in China, and established ethnic theory and policy with ethnic equality, ethnic unity, regional ethnic autonomy and common prosperity and development of all ethnic groups as the main contents. All ethnic groups have achieved real equality, unity and progress under the socialist system. Our national theories and policies are good and effective. We should stick to the correct path of solving ethnic problems with China characteristics, constantly enrich and develop the Party’s ethnic theory in the new era, and promote the research on basic issues of the Chinese nation community. China, with great unity of all ethnic groups, must be invincible and have a bright future. Our goal of the second century of struggle will surely be successfully achieved, and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation will inevitably come.

　　— — Speech by the Supreme Leader during his inspection tour in Xinjiang from July 12 to 15, 2022.

　　Producer: Zhang Zhenming

　　Editor: Liu Wentao

　　Editor: Wang Han

　　Production: Wang Han

Online and offline integration, more accurate efforts to stabilize employment

On February 25th, Wanli Administration of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province launched the offline recruitment activity of "Spring Breeze Action". The picture shows job seekers applying for jobs at the job fair. Xinhua News Agency reporter Vientiane photo

On February 25th, Wanli Administration of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province launched the offline recruitment activity of "Spring Breeze Action". The picture shows job seekers applying for jobs at the job fair. Xinhua News Agency reporter Vientiane photo

　　From the Spring Breeze campaign in all parts of the country, to stabilizing market players, expanding employment space, stabilizing key groups, and promoting the matching between supply and demand, since 2022, the policy of stabilizing employment has been continuously implemented to achieve efficient and accurate docking between supply and demand in the labor market.

　　A survey by the Economic Information Daily reporter found that under the background of stable employment, all localities actively explored innovative measures to achieve online and offline integration and achieve more full and higher quality employment. Online, "remote recruitment", "video interview" and "live broadcast with posts" have become the mainstream. All parties actively innovate online recruitment forms and recruit talents for enterprises in convenient and efficient ways to solve the difficulties of recruitment and employment. Offline, local governments continue to implement vocational skills upgrading actions, organize various special job fairs, focus on key groups, simplify employment procedures, and broaden market-oriented and socialized employment channels.

　　Employment services leap into the "cloud" and "live broadcast with posts".

　　"Welcome to the live broadcast room. The enterprises invited today provide dozens of jobs. In addition to salary, five insurances and one gold, they also provide accommodation, free medical examination and other benefits. I hope that job seekers in the live broadcast room will pay more attention." At 10: 00 every morning, the staff of the Intellectual Employment Center of Tianjin Xiqing District Human Resources and Social Security Bureau turned into "on-the-job anchors", pushed recruitment posts online, interpreted various employment policies, and provided "one-on-one" and "ordering" job recruitment services for enterprises and job seekers.

　　Hangzhou, the person in charge of the recruitment center of Tianjin Xiqing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, introduced that since the recruitment center launched the 2022 "Spring Breeze Action" promotion meeting and "Thousands of Enterprises and Thousands of Posts" online recruitment on February 17, it has gathered more than 14,000 recruitment positions from more than 1,000 enterprises, covering all walks of life.

　　Zhang Congqin, a post-90s generation from Hebei, is one of the beneficiaries. In just three days, she completed the job-hunting trip from Hebei to Tianjin online. "When brushing a short video, I accidentally entered ‘ Xiqing people’s society ’ The live broadcast platform, with the psychology of giving it a try, followed the anchor’s explanation and selected the favorite company and post. After entering the cloud platform to deliver the resume with one click, I quickly received a phone call and interview confirmation from the company. " Zhang Congqin said.

　　"Live broadcast with posts" breaks the time and space restrictions, allowing job seekers and recruitment companies to link accurately and realize "cloud hand in hand".

　　Liu Dong, manager of personnel department of Tianjin Especial Food Co., Ltd., was also deeply touched. "Affected by the epidemic situation and the return of foreign employees during the Spring Festival, we have a large gap in front-line workers and a large demand. Understand that ‘ Live broadcast with post ’ After the recruitment model, we registered for the first time and set up more than 70 jobs such as workshop technicians, quality inspection and logistics. "

　　To Liu Dong’s surprise, the company received nearly 100 resumes from job seekers from many places for the first time. "The talents linked in the live broadcast room come from all over the country, through ‘ Online recruitment ’ We can make a more accurate analysis of job seekers, which is smoother than the two-way communication of submitting resumes offline. Now, we are organizing batch interviews, and some job seekers have already entered the post. " Liu Dong said.

　　According to the statistics of Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, nearly 100 online job fairs and "live broadcasting with posts" have been held in Tianjin this year, involving more than 3,800 enterprises, providing 79,000 jobs, helping 47,000 job seekers and reaching more than 4,200 intentions, thus building an "intercommunication bridge" for employers and job seekers.

　　This is not a case. In February this year, just after the Spring Festival holiday, the human and social departments of Zibo held a live online job fair through a number of online channels. Five well-known local enterprises, including Shandong Ruibang Automation Equipment Co., Ltd., Xinhenghui Electronics Co., Ltd., Lan Fan Medical Co., Ltd., Shandong Yinuowei Polyurethane Co., Ltd. and Zhiyang Innovation and Technology Co., Ltd., entered the live broadcast room of Zibo human resources market to promote enterprises and employment positions.

　　The staff of Zibo Public Employment and Talent Service Center also made a detailed interpretation of the employment and entrepreneurship policy and the 37 articles of "Talent Financial Policy" that netizens are concerned about. According to statistics, on that day, Zibo held four "live broadcast with posts" activities, in which 77 enterprises participated, providing 3,518 jobs and 411,200 people watched online.

　　In the live broadcast room located in Chongqing Human Resources Industrial Park, a "live recruitment" will be staged every Friday afternoon. Recruiters from seven or eight enterprises and institutions will become the anchor of "live broadcast with posts", show the working environment with short videos, answer questions from job seekers online, and old employees will talk about their work feelings … … Relying on the intelligent employment platform launched by Chongqing Human Resources and Social Security Department, job seekers and employers can complete the whole process of job recruitment online, such as resume delivery, remote interview and electronic contract signing.

　　At the same time of "live recruitment", there are more than 20,000 jobs on the intelligent employment platform in Chongqing, and online recruitment is carried out simultaneously. The platform provides job seekers with one-stop services such as resume delivery, online career guidance, video interview and electronic contract signing through the forms of "unit display+job introduction", "anchor+tutor" and "public+market".

　　In addition to recruitment, employment services have also leapt to the "cloud". It is understood that the "Chongqing Yingcai Grade You Come" webcast and intelligent employment platform have become a channel for supply and demand docking, a window for policy propaganda, and a position for serving people’s livelihood. "With the help of big data, our service efficiency is also more accurate and effective. For example, after the system accurately identifies job seekers who have submitted resumes or participated in interviews for many times but failed to find employment, we can accurately carry out employment assistance." The relevant person in charge of the Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security said.

　　"Labor Broker" Matches Bridges "Skills Free Learning" to Enhance Competitiveness

　　On February 21st, under the organization of Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, 156 poverty-stricken people from Chongqing went to Jinan, Rizhao, Weihai and other places in Shandong Province for employment by charter flight. In order to ensure that poverty-stricken people go out to work in an orderly manner, Chongqing human resources and social security departments actively contact with Shandong human resources and social security departments to obtain recruitment information of Shandong enterprises in time, so as to achieve accurate matching and two-way selection.

　　In addition to fully promoting the return to work and stabilizing the scale of migrant workers, especially those out of poverty, some places are still exploring ways such as "labor brokers" and "employment matchmakers" to better "match the bridge" for recruitment and job hunting.

　　Not long ago, Xu Wensong, a migrant worker, was still worried about not finding a job after returning to his hometown in Tongnan, Chongqing. Today, he has become an employee of a rubber and plastic product enterprise in Tongnan, and no longer goes out to work. This change is inseparable from the "labor broker" initiative implemented in Chongqing. Up to now, the number of registered "labor brokers" in Chongqing has reached 14,000.

　　"Labor brokers" should not only master the job-hunting needs of laborers, but also understand the employment situation of enterprises, and "match the bridge" between job seekers and enterprises in time. Liang Zhou, chairman of Chongqing Ling Feng Rubber & Plastic Products Co., Ltd. said that since the accurate docking of "labor brokers", the company can recruit people as soon as there is a vacancy, saving a lot of manpower and material resources.

　　Tianjin’s "Xiqing Renshe Cloud Platform" also accurately matched the "employment matchmaker" for every enterprise and job seeker. "There are more than 180 people in our region ‘ Employment matchmaker ’ They are online every day, providing both parties with the whole process tracking service during the recruitment process. " Hangzhou said.

　　Li Huiting, deputy director of the Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, said that next, Tianjin will also improve its "accuracy" and stabilize its employment by serving the front. Do a good job in job information collection, increase the scale of job information, improve the quality of job information collection, and strengthen the docking of people and jobs through accurate job promotion and refined employment services.

　　Building a recruitment platform and conducting targeted recruitment have opened a new channel for the rapid introduction of industries with large talent gaps.

　　Looking at dozens of resumes "to be answered" on the computer interface, Song Xiangyun, head of human resources of Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., breathed a sigh of relief: "The company is in a high-speed growth period, and the demand for employment is great. It is even more difficult to accurately target students who have received medical services, thanks to the special recruitment activities organized by the human and social departments on a regular basis."

　　The reporter learned that the recruitment demand of Shandong medical and health industry continues to rise, and the demand of medical industry enterprises with a scale of more than 1,000 people accounts for 40%. Shandong keeps a close eye on the needs of the industry, relying on the Shandong University Graduates Employment Information Network, and holding online recruitment activities for medical and health services in conjunction with 16 medical colleges in Shandong University, including Qilu Medical Department, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

　　In terms of stabilizing employment, we should focus on the key points and focus on stabilizing college graduates, migrant workers and other groups. At the same time, we should take effective measures to strengthen training and enhance vocational skills and employment competitiveness.

　　Zhang Pan, deputy director of the Employment Department of Chongqing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, said that Chongqing aims at the employment of two key groups, namely college graduates and people with difficulties in cities and towns. By focusing on the actual situation and service needs of "one life and one difficulty", it is necessary to prescribe the right medicine. Among them, for college graduates, we will implement "eight expansion" measures, such as expanding the recruitment of civil servants, institutions, grassroots projects, enterprise absorption, conscription, enrollment expansion, scientific research assistants, and community job development. For people with difficulties in cities and towns, we will implement a number of ways to stabilize employment, a number of jobs in the market, a number of self-employment, and a number of resettlement.

　　In order to minimize the impact of the epidemic on enterprise production and effectively meet the needs of enterprise employees to improve their skills, Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security launched the "Online Free Skills Learning" activity. The training included 65 public courses and 118 professional courses, with a total of about 8,200 class hours, which were available for free study and use by employees during the epidemic. Up to now, the number of visits to online platforms has reached 74,000.

　　Shandong has carried out in-depth entrepreneurship training for key groups, including all kinds of entrepreneurs with training needs, and implemented large-scale vocational skills training. Carry out rural practical technology training for migrant workers who have the willingness to train; Carry out online entrepreneurship, e-commerce and other training for returning migrant workers; For rural entrepreneurial leaders, we will continue to carry out entrepreneurship training and entrepreneurship training camps.

　　"The training faculty team is a well-known entrepreneurial tutor in China, which is usually inaccessible. The content is aimed at the common problems and fundamental problems encountered in the development of enterprises." Sun Jifa, founder of Weifang Kehua Group, said that through training, he broadened his vision, improved his strategic thinking and improved his personal ability, which was very helpful.

　　Precise policy, combining long and short, and solving structural contradictions

　　According to data from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, in 2021, 12.69 million new jobs were created in cities and towns nationwide, exceeding the target of 11 million. However, the industry generally believes that overall, the employment pressure in 2022 should not be underestimated. To stabilize employment, we should combine long and short, further focus on the precise policies of key groups, improve the quality of vocational skills training, solve the structural contradictions of employment, and achieve more full and higher quality employment.

　　"From this year’s trend, China’s economic development and epidemic prevention and control have maintained a leading position in the world, the foundation of employment remains solid, and the employment situation will continue to remain generally stable. At the same time, economic development faces triple pressures of shrinking demand, supply shocks and expected weakening. The total employment pressure is not reduced, and structural contradictions are prominent. It still needs hard work to complete the annual employment target. " Zhang Ying, director of the Employment Promotion Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said at a regular press conference recently.

　　"Affected by sporadic outbreaks of epidemics and increased uncertainty in individual industries, stable employment in 2022 still faces great challenges. On the one hand, the total number of college graduates will exceed the 10 million mark in a record, and the pressure of employment supply is enormous; On the other hand, as the economy is in the process of transformation and upgrading, the number of jobs has shrunk structurally. " Zhang Chenggang, director of the New Employment Form Research Center in China, capital university of economics and business, said.

　　Zhang Chenggang also pointed out that it is necessary to further solve the employment problems of young people such as college graduates and improve flexible employment and social security policies. Further strengthen the confidence of market participants and give full play to the role of new employment forms in employment.

　　Tian Lihui, dean of the Institute of Financial Development of Nankai University, suggested that under the background of the continuous development of digital economy and industrial transfer, we should continue to promote the new mode of long-distance employment service, conduct online recruitment and online interviews for newly employed people, break the "information island" of the employment market, and guide the employment service to achieve "self-management" and "online office" as much as possible. In addition, change the traditional talent training mode, increase the layout of emerging disciplines, make the ability of job seekers meet the needs of new economic development and industry, and at the same time launch more online and offline training courses to promote human resources development.

　　Yao Kai, director of the Global Science and Technology Talents Development Research Center of Fudan University, also believes that the all-round public employment service system should be improved. Actively break through the information and space barriers between enterprises and talents, build a job-seeking channel with the help of new means such as online recruitment, and improve the recruitment efficiency. At the same time, the government, enterprises and schools form a joint force to guide the employment process and employment effect of college students, improve their employability and improve the training of technical skills.

　　Zhang Ying said that the next step will be to achieve more full and higher-quality employment, take the implementation of the "14th Five-Year Plan" as the guide, take the implementation of the preferential employment policy as the starting point, focus on key points, make precise policies, and strive to ensure the overall stability of employment. First, focus on stabilizing market players and strengthening employment priority policies. The second is to focus on expanding employment space and strengthening entrepreneurship to drive employment. The third is to focus on stabilizing key groups and strengthening accurate employment assistance. The fourth is to focus on promoting the matching between supply and demand and strengthening the quality of training services.

Millions of Mexicans are at risk because of obesity. The president called for weight loss.

　　A few months ago, Juan Pedro Franco, a Mexican man who weighs nearly 600 kilograms and is known as the fattest in the world, just completed a stomach reduction operation and took the first step to lose weight. Now, 10-month-old Louis is suffering from obesity again. At birth, he was only 3.5 kilograms, and his weight has soared to 28 kilograms … … From children to adults, what has "fattened" Mexicans?

　　Starting with feeding children coke

　　According to the latest report released by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the obesity rate of people over 15 years old in Mexico is 33.3%, that is, one in every three adults has obesity problem. At the same time, the incidence of adult diabetes in Mexico is the highest among OECD members, reaching 15.8%, more than twice the average level of 7%.

　　Judging from their eating habits, many Mexicans like high-calorie and high-sugar foods, including fast food and carbonated drinks. These foods are rich in fat, sugar, salt and chemicals, which are easy to fill the stomach and affordable. Some parents even put coke in bottles to feed their children. According to data provided by Euromonitor International, a market research organization, Mexicans consume about 163 liters of carbonated drinks per person every year.

　　Obesity is not only accompanied by diabetes, but also chronic diseases caused by hypertension and nutritional imbalance. The Mexican Institute of Competitiveness released a report saying that dozens of diseases suffered by Mexican people are inseparable from obesity.

　　November 14th is World Diabetes Day. Mexican Health Minister Jose Naro said that the number of diabetic patients in Mexico increased to 105,000 in 2016, an increase of 7,000 over the previous year.

　　Causing the North American Free Trade Agreement?

　　In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement concluded by the United States, Canada and Mexico came into effect, which reduced or eliminated a considerable number of commodity tariffs. The Mexican media Cosmos pointed out that with the entry into force of the agreement, Mexico quickly became a "junk food" paradise.

　　The Mexican media quoted Alejandro Calviyo, the head of the non-governmental organization "Consumer Power", as saying that the Mexican authorities failed to introduce policies in time to protect people’s diet structure and let the market be free, resulting in the proliferation of low-quality food and junk food advertisements in the market for a time.

　　Traditional Mexican foods such as mutton, tortillas and cactus are mostly low in fat and high in fiber. After the liberalization of the market, the Mexican people’s dependence on processed fast food has been increasing, and the intake of grains, vegetables and fruits has decreased, resulting in the phenomenon that many Mexicans want hamburgers instead of tortillas.

　　However, contreras, a foreign trade expert at Ibero-American University in Mexico, believes that NAFTA is not the decisive factor of obesity in Mexico. In today’s society, obesity and overweight have become a "world phenomenon". With the advancement of urbanization, new technologies continue to develop, which has a profound impact on people’s life and diet, including "fattening people up".

　　The president called on the whole people to lose weight.

　　The Mexican government has realized the seriousness of the obesity problem and launched a national "weight loss revolution", calling on the whole people to lose weight.

　　In 2013, Mexican President Oena issued an action plan, calling on people to take more walks, take more stairs, exercise for one hour every day and live a healthy life.

　　Oena advocates promoting a healthier diet and encourages food enterprises to improve their recipes and produce low-calorie or high-fiber foods. He also decided to levy a tax of 8% on high-calorie foods with a calorie content of more than 275 per 100 grams, and to levy a tax on soft drinks.

　　"In the face of a real epidemic of overweight and obesity, we can’t stand idly by," Oena said. "The lives of millions of Mexicans are in danger."

　　Relevant measures have achieved initial results. In 2014, after Mexico raised the tariff on sugary drinks to 10%, the sales of such drinks dropped by 10%. The Mexican government hopes to reduce the obesity rate by 2.5% by 2024 and prevent 134,000 cases of diabetes by 2030 through tariff policy.

　　On the other hand, the Mexican government is also actively responding to the call of the World Health Organization to strengthen the control of junk food advertising, especially for minors. According to Xinhua News Agency

Is the blind road of Xujing East Station of Shanghai Metro Line 2 replaced with smooth tiles？ Official response

abstract:

[The blind road of Xujing East Station of Shanghai Metro Line 2 was replaced by smooth tiles? Official response] Recently, Xujing East Station of Shanghai Metro Line 2 was exposed that the blind road was replaced with smooth tiles. According to the subway, the station has a standard, complete and continuous blind road, and passengers have misunderstood the wrong path. The subway side thanked the enthusiastic passengers for guiding the way and promised to continue to pay attention to barrier-free environment construction.

Fundus screening of premature infants

Original songlei Shanghai children’s medical center ophthalmology

Why do you want to do fundus screening?

Premature babies are prone to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), which will develop into serious blinding eye diseases if not treated in time. Premature infants leave their mothers when their organs are not fully developed. At this time, the development of retinal blood vessels is not mature. After birth, due to the change of blood oxygen concentration, abnormal vascular proliferation is prone to occur. Abnormal vascular rupture will lead to retinal hemorrhage, fibrous proliferation and contraction, retinal detachment, etc., and even blindness and eyeball atrophy in severe cases. ROP must be found and treated early. If treated in time, the effect is quite good.

Which children need screening and when?

For premature infants and low birth weight infants with birth weight less than 2000g, the first screening should be conducted at 4-6 weeks after birth or at 32 weeks after gestational age correction. The screening scope of premature infants with serious diseases can be appropriately expanded. The frequency of follow-up is generally determined according to the fundus lesions: once every 2 weeks without ROP, once every 1~2 weeks when ROP is diagnosed, and the interval of ROP follow-up before the threshold should be less than 1 week. Complete vascularization of retina, static lesion, scarring, or having received treatment are the termination time of screening and follow-up for retinopathy of prematurity.

What do you think of ROP inspection results?

Diagnostic criteria divide the retina into three areas:

Zone ⅰ: the central area of the retina in the circle with the optic disc as the center and the radius of twice the distance from the optic disc to the fovea maculata.

Zone II: that annular area of retina with the optic disc as the cent and the distance from the optic disc to the serrated edge of nose as the radiu.

Zone ⅲ: the temporal semilunar retinal region.

The zoning indicates the location of the lesion,

The lesion in area ⅰ is the most serious, and the lesion in area ⅲ is mild.

According to the severity of ROP lesions, it is divided into five stages, and the general lesions develop from stage 1 to stage 5 (as shown below). When the disease reaches stage 4, there is little hope of recovery through surgery.

There is a dividing line between the vascular area and the avascular area around the temporal side of ROP in stage 1.

Stage 3 ROP PLUS(+) not only has crista-like protuberance, but also has additional pathological changes: tortuous dilatation of blood vessels, which is more serious than that in Figure 3.

The boundary of ROP in Phase 2 is widened and uplifted.

Normal fundus

Partial retinal detachment caused by contraction and traction of ROP fibroproliferative membrane in stage 4

Stage 3 ROP cristae, accompanied by hyperplasia and hemorrhage.

Stage 5 ROP total retinal detachment

According to the above classification criteria, the baby with ROP will be recorded in the medical record: ROP in several districts and periods, PLUS(+or-). (Note: PLUS is an additional lesion, showing tortuous dilation of retinal vessels, which is a manifestation of rapid progress of ROP)

Screening process

During hospitalization, the baby’s fundus examination will be arranged by the ward; You can go to the outpatient clinic for examination after discharge.

Outpatient service process:

1. After the attending doctor determines the need for fundus screening, he will prescribe medicine for examination.

2. After the parents pay for the medicine, they start to give the baby some mydriatic liquid medicine. Generally, it takes one hour from the beginning of the medicine to the examination of mydriasis.

3. 1~2 drops of surface anesthetic water will be given before the examination, so that the baby can be examined in a painless state.

4. During the examination, the baby was lying on the bed, and the doctor opened the eyelids with a special eyelid opener for the baby. The retina was examined with binocular indirect ophthalmoscope and wide-angle children’s fundus photography system, and recorded according to the lesion area and lesion degree.

5. The doctor will inform whether treatment is needed and/or the time for the next review according to the examination results.

6. After the baby receives the examination, it needs to use anti-inflammatory eye drops for 3 days.

friendly reminder

Please try to arrive at 13: 00 ~ 14: 00 because you need some eye drops and wait for mydriasis before the examination, otherwise your waiting time will be affected.

In order to avoid aspiration pneumonia or even suffocation caused by excessive milk during examination, parents are requested to estimate the time and stop feeding after starting to order medicine.

You need to hold your baby’s head tightly and fix it during the examination. Please ask parents to understand and cooperate. Generally, the examination time only takes 5~10 minutes. Don’t interrupt or give up the examination because of the crying of children and the distress of adults. If the blindness caused by this happens, you will regret it for life.

ROP emphasizes early detection and early treatment. Early intervention and treatment can achieve normal children’s vision. If found late, it may lead to irreversible blindness. Since 2009, our team has carried out fundus screening for premature babies, with more than 2,500 screenings every year, which has accumulated rich experience, and we will give timely and standardized treatment according to the screening results.

The ophthalmology department of Children’s Center has opened a specialized clinic for newborns and children with basic diseases. Please rest assured that our team will take care of your baby’s bright eyes with you.

Read the original text

Jiangling Fushun picked up the car for one month and the brakes failed, and the engine oil leaked for half a year. How did the quality checkpoint pass？

In today’s increasingly prosperous automobile market, consumers have high expectations for the quality and safety of automobiles. Recently, however, the quality problem of Jiangling Fushun has been greatly questioned by the owner.

In the complaint case of the automobile complaint network, we can see the worrying quality hidden trouble of Jiangling Fushun. Mr. Lu, the owner of the car, bought Jiangling Fushun on April 27, 2024, but within a short month of picking up the car, the brakes actually failed twice. As a key component of automobile safety, the importance of brake system is self-evident. Brake failure may lead to serious traffic accidents, endangering the safety of passengers in the car and other pedestrians and vehicles on the road. This is an unacceptable quality defect for a new car that has just been bought for a long time.

IMG_256

Not only that, but in less than half a year after picking up the car, the vehicle also leaked oil. As the heart of an automobile, the normal use and sealing of engine oil are very important. Oil leakage will not only affect the performance and life of the engine, but also cause fire and other safety hazards. These problems faced by Mr. Lu, the owner of the vehicle, are by no means accidental faults, but involve serious quality problems of the core components of the vehicle.

IMG_256

For such quality problems, the owner’s appeal is to ask the 4S shop or manufacturer to make a way to return the car. As a commodity, car owners have invested a lot of money and trust in the purchase. When the vehicle has such serious quality problems, the owner has the right to ask the manufacturers and dealers to give reasonable solutions. However, as of the date of publication, the problem of car owners’ demands has not been properly solved.

As a well-known automobile brand, Jiangling should have a higher standard and guarantee for its product quality. These problems in Jiangling Fushun make people question the production technology and quality control system of Jiangling. In the process of automobile production, the design, manufacture and testing of brake system and engine should be strictly checked. Why do these serious problems appear on a new car? Is the quality of the parts not up to standard, or is there a mistake in the production and assembly process? Or is there a loophole in the inspection link before the vehicle leaves the factory?

Nowadays, there are many automobile brands, and car owners often consider many factors such as brand reputation, vehicle performance, quality and after-sales service when choosing. Jiangling Fushun’s brake failure and oil leakage will undoubtedly have a negative impact on its brand image. Car owners may have doubts about other models of Jiangling brand because they are worried about quality problems, and then turn to other competitive brands. This is a problem that needs to be paid attention to and solved for Jiangling.

Click to view the image source.

For the owner, Mr. Lu, buying a car with quality problems not only brings economic losses, but also may cause a lot of inconvenience to life and work. In the factory where Mr. Lu is located, drivers are afraid to continue driving because of vehicle quality problems, which will inevitably affect the normal operation of the factory. For other potential car owners, such a case has also played a warning role, and it is necessary to choose brands and models more carefully when buying a car.

Car complaint network:

The quality problem of Jiangling Fushun should be highly valued by manufacturers. Manufacturers need to actively communicate with car owners, thoroughly investigate the causes of the problems and take effective measures to solve the problems. Only in this way can we regain the trust of car owners and maintain the reputation of the brand.

Speed up the construction of a strong network province, digital Sichuan, and fully promote the high-quality development of network information

　　(Zhang Lidong, reporter from Sichuan Daily) On August 24th, the provincial conference on network security and informatization was held in Chengdu. Wang Xiaohui, secretary of the provincial party committee, attended the conference and delivered a speech. He stressed that it is necessary to firmly follow the important thought of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on strengthening the network, fully implement the deployment requirements of the National Cyber Security and Informatization Work Conference, resolutely set off the mission of cyber information work, accelerate the construction of a strong network province and digital Sichuan, and fully promote the high-quality development of cyber information, providing solid support and strong guarantee for the modernization of Sichuan in the new era and new journey.

　　Huang Qiang, deputy secretary of the provincial party committee and governor, presided over the first meeting.

　　In his speech, Wang Xiaohui pointed out that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has attached great importance to network security and informatization, and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has put forward a series of original new ideas, new ideas and new strategies, which have formed an important thought about network power with rich connotations and scientific systems, especially the important instructions given by the General Secretary on network security and informatization in July this year, which have raised our party’s regular understanding of network information work to a new height and pointed out the direction and journey for us to further do a good job in network information work in the new era. This important idea is the most important and outstanding achievement in the field of network information in the new era, and it is a guide to action to lead the high-quality development of network information and build a network power. We should conscientiously study and understand it, combine it with studying and implementing the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the important instructions of the General Secretary on Sichuan’s work series, fully and accurately grasp its scientific connotation, core essence and practical requirements, and firmly use it to take charge of the overall situation of Sichuan’s network security and informatization work, so as to ensure that Sichuan’s network information business always moves forward firmly in the direction guided by the General Secretary.

　　Wang Xiaohui pointed out that Sichuan is a big network province, and network information work plays an important role in the overall work of the province. In recent years, we have persisted in paying attention to construction and development and management guidance at the same time, and promoted the further improvement of the network information work system, the further growth of mainstream public opinion in cyberspace, the further improvement of network security guarantee capability, and the further strengthening of the leading role of information drive. The province’s network information industry has achieved new results. At the same time, we should also see that the network information work in our province faces many new situations and new tasks, and puts forward new and higher requirements for doing related work well. The second plenary session of the 12th Provincial Party Committee made arrangements for informatization as an important part of the development strategy of "synchronization of the four modernizations, integration of urban and rural areas, and prosperity of five regions", and the third plenary session explicitly proposed to accelerate the digital transformation of industries. These are all major measures to thoroughly implement the spirit of the important instructions of the General Secretary and the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and promote modernization through informatization. All localities and departments should deeply understand the extreme importance of doing a good job in network security and informatization, identify the starting point and focus of work, earnestly strengthen the management of network content construction, improve the comprehensive network management system, strengthen the key technologies of the network, build a strong network security barrier, and solidly promote the high-quality development of the network information industry.

　　Wang Xiaohui pointed out that it is necessary to do a solid and effective job in network ideology, resolutely defend the main position and grasp the leading position. Consolidate and expand mainstream online public opinion, strengthen ideological guidance, enrich the supply of high-quality online content, vigorously carry forward socialist core values, organize major theme propaganda, accelerate the construction of "network, micro, terminal and screen" all-media communication matrix and all-platform coverage system, and continuously improve the quality and efficiency of positive publicity. Resolutely prevent and resolve the ideological risks of the network, continuously improve the efficiency of network governance, solidly promote the rule of law, systematically promote civilized internet access, increase the protection of minors’ networks, severely crack down on all kinds of network crimes, and build a clearer cyberspace.

　　Wang Xiaohui pointed out that it is necessary to comprehensively strengthen the network security system and capacity building, and resolutely build a network security barrier. Strengthen the security protection of key information infrastructure, and strengthen the research and development of network core technologies and their transformation and application. Strengthen data security management and protection, strengthen the capacity building of data security governance and supervision, increase the protection of personal information, and urge enterprises to strengthen data security risk assessment to create a safe and reliable data ecological environment. Build a large network security work pattern, establish a systematic and effective network security guarantee system, carry out in-depth publicity and popularization of network security knowledge and skills, and continuously improve people’s network security awareness and protection ability.

　　Wang Xiaohui pointed out that it is necessary to persist in leading high-quality development driven by information technology and inject strong impetus into Sichuan’s modernization drive in the new era and new journey. Accelerate the construction of information infrastructure, do a good job in the coordinated construction and optimized layout of 5G, Internet of Things, computing network, satellite Internet, new data center and industrial Internet, accelerate the construction of a national integrated computing network into a national hub node (Sichuan), and further promote the integration and development of urban and rural informatization. Make the digital economy stronger and better, vigorously promote digital industrialization and industrial digitalization, promote industrial Internet application innovation, and continue to empower and increase efficiency for the real economy. Take advantage of the situation to expand online foreign exchanges and cooperation, constantly broaden communication channels and enrich communication forms by means of information technology, run a series of international conferences and activities well, vigorously implement the digital project of cultural relics, tell the story of Sichuan well and spread Bashu culture. Adhere to information for the benefit of the people and the convenience of the people, use digital technology to empower grassroots governance, strengthen the construction of e-government platforms, encourage and support the application of innovative achievements in the information field in the people’s livelihood, and actively expand digital public services.

　　Wang Xiaohui pointed out that it is necessary to effectively strengthen the party’s overall leadership over network information work and continuously improve the ability of network management and network use. The Network Information Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, the Network Information Office of the Provincial Party Committee and all member units and relevant departments should conscientiously perform their duties and responsibilities, and form a work pattern of division of labor, coordination and joint management; Party committees (party groups) at all levels should shoulder the leadership responsibility of promoting the work of online information, and ensure the implementation of plans, the implementation of policies, and the effectiveness of work. Deepen the reform of the system and mechanism of network information work, and promote the accelerated improvement, quality improvement and efficiency improvement of the network information work system. Strengthen the leading group and cadre team of the network information system, accelerate the construction of the highland of network information talents in the west, and strive to forge a loyal and clean network information iron army.

　　At the meeting, Zheng Li, member of the Standing Committee of the Provincial Party Committee and Minister of Propaganda Department, conveyed the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on cybersecurity and informatization and the spirit of the National Cyber Security and Informatization Work Conference, and made a concluding speech at the second meeting; Vice Governor Zheng Bei presided over the second meeting, and the Provincial Development and Reform Commission, the Public Security Department, Sichuan Daily Newspaper Group, Chengdu Municipal Committee Network Office, Yibin Municipal Committee Network Office and Ganzi State Committee Network Office made exchange speeches.

　　Provincial leaders Alice Chan and Hu Yun, members of the Network Security and Informatization Committee of the Provincial Party Committee, responsible comrades of relevant provincial departments and some central institutions in Sichuan attended the meeting.

Find out the background of natural resources. The third national land survey was launched in Sichuan.


On February 28, 2019, Sichuan Province held the third national video conference on promoting land survey. Deng Gan


Pujiang carried out field investigation. (Photo courtesy of Pujiang County Planning and Natural Resources Bureau)

Land is the foundation of nature, the source of ecology, the key to production and the foundation of survival. Beautiful Sichuan, with a land area of 486,000 square kilometers, ranks the fifth in the country, with all landforms except the ocean. How many types of land are there in this vast land? How is the production and utilization? How to divide land ownership? These problems are closely related to our lives.

In October 2017, the State Council deployed and launched the third national land survey; In September 2018, the State Council decided to adjust to the third national land survey (referred to as "Three Tunes"). The purpose of carrying out the "three adjustments" is to comprehensively find out the national land and resources, comprehensively find out the current situation of national land use, comprehensively grasp the true and accurate national land basic data, improve the natural resources investigation, monitoring and statistics system, strengthen the socialized service of natural resources information, and meet the needs of economic and social development and natural resources management.

At present, the third national land survey in our province is taking the completion of county-level land survey and database construction by the end of May 2019 as the time node to implement the 100-day attack in accordance with the requirements of national unity. The unified data update will be carried out with December 31, 2019 as the standard time. Complete all tasks in 2020.

In the face of huge natural resources, how can Sichuan find out? How to touch it?

A

From "Land" Survey to "Land" Survey

Take the step of unified management of natural resources

According to the relevant requirements of the Land Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Regulations on Land Investigation, China conducts a survey on the basic national conditions and national strength of land every ten years.

Before the "Three Tunes", China had conducted two national land surveys. The first time was a detailed land survey from 1984 to 1996; The second time was the land survey in 2007-2009. Based on the data of two detailed investigations and surveys, the data are supplemented and updated every year according to actual changes. Different from the previous two surveys, this survey was renamed, and the "land" survey was changed to "national territory" survey.

From "land" to "national territory", although it is only a word difference, it highlights the new characteristics of this survey. Behind the "renaming", it reflects the new strategy of the central government’s decision-making, implements the new tasks after the institutional reform, and promotes the new requirements of objectivity and authenticity. According to the institutional reform plan of the State Council and local people’s governments, the competent department of natural resources will be established to uniformly exercise the duties of the owner of natural resources owned by the whole people, and uniformly exercise the duties of controlling the spatial use of all land and ecological protection and restoration. Compared with the third national land survey, the classification of the third national land survey has undergone major changes, and a series of mergers and adjustments have been made. In particular, to meet the needs of building ecological civilization, wetlands have been regarded as first-class land types, and gardens have been adjusted to plantation land, and the first-class land types have increased from 12 to 13. The "three tones" emphasize the authenticity of the data more clearly, and clearly delete the order of determining the land types of "tillage, garden, forest and grass". In order to meet the needs of multi-sector overlapping management, the marking of patches (on the survey work map, land units with basically the same landform and land use type are divided into one category, and then the units are sketched on the topographic map to become patches) is innovatively implemented.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Provincial Department of Natural Resources, the transition from "land" to "national territory" has taken an important step in the transition of centralized and unified investigation of natural resources, laying a solid foundation for the unified exercise of the duties of the owner of all natural resources assets of the whole people and the unified exercise of all national land use control and ecological protection and restoration duties.

In fact, "three adjustments" is the first step of unified management of natural resources. "Only by laying a good foundation can we create conditions for development and utilization."

B

From "Jiulong Water Control" to "A Set of Data"

Find out the family background and lay the foundation for high-quality development

The "Three Tunes" is an important survey of basic national conditions and national strength after China’s development entered a new stage, which not only involves the construction of ecological civilization, but also relates to a series of natural resources conditions and basic judgments of national conditions and national strength for China’s second century struggle goal. "Carrying out the third national land survey is of great significance for thoroughly implementing the decision-making arrangements of the Third and Fourth Plenary Sessions of the Eleventh Provincial Party Committee, comprehensively promoting the high-quality development of the province and promoting the governance of Sichuan to a new level." The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Department of Natural Resources said.

This institutional reform has made it clear that the natural resources management departments should make unified plans for land and space, and uniformly control the use of all natural ecological spaces. Inconsistency in the basic data, coordinate system, planning period and control rules of previous spatial planning will be solved, and the division of space management rights will be more clear, so as to achieve non-stacked space control of a single national space and provide a solid foundation for drawing a blueprint to the end. The basic data for the compilation of land spatial planning depends on the "three tones".

From the perspective of ecological resources protection, the situation of land, water, woodland, grassland, wetland and other resources formed by the "three adjustments" will provide a basis for the overall protection, system restoration and comprehensive management of lakes and grasses in landscape forests and fields. Only by comprehensively finding out the ecological land conditions such as forest land, grassland and wetland in the whole province can we optimize the three boundaries of ecological protection red line, permanent basic farmland and urban development boundary, effectively implement the control of land space use, effectively carry out the action of greening the whole Sichuan, and promote the continuous improvement of ecosystem functions in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.

From the perspective of high-quality economic development, finding out all kinds of land use conditions will provide a basis for scientifically compiling the province’s land spatial planning and better optimizing the pattern of land development. By reasonably determining the total amount, location and structure of land supply, we will continue to promote industrial transformation and optimization and upgrading, and further promote the supply-side structural reform.

Under the background of natural resources management reform, the work of "three adjustments" is very rich in content. "In the past, the current situation of land use was mainly investigated by the land department, the forest and wetland resources were investigated by the forestry department, the grassland resources were investigated by the agricultural department, and the water resources were investigated by the water resources department … The data and survey standards of various departments were different, resulting in data overlap and waste of administrative resources." The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Department of Natural Resources said that on the basis of the second national land survey and referring to the original survey data of forestry, agriculture, water conservancy and other departments, this survey broke the investigation mode of "Jiulong Water Control" and formed a bottom plate and a set of data.

To implement the unified national deployment and requirements, provinces, cities (prefectures) and counties (cities, districts) have set up the leading group for the third national land survey, headed by the main leaders of the government or leaders in charge, with the deputy secretary-general in charge and the main leaders of natural resources departments as deputy heads, and the leaders in charge of all relevant departments as members, and set up the leading group office and corresponding working groups, especially the technical guidance group, to promote the related issues to be handled resolutely in accordance with the "three adjustments" technical regulations.

C

From traditional means to "internet plus"

Top-level design of technology to realize data traceability management

On the basis of relevant national work requirements, our province, in combination with the actual situation, organized forces to pay close attention to the top-level design of technology, worked out the implementation plan and technical specifications, defined the objectives and tasks, work content, division of tasks among provinces, cities and counties, organization and implementation, technical methods, etc., and reported them to the Ministry of Natural Resources for the record. Unified production of the province’s transportation and water conservancy network, survey boundaries, control area and other basic control key data. Establish a provincial-level "Internet"+proof platform, and formulate management measures for indoor and outdoor verification of quality control of achievements in the province.

In order to make the statistical data more accurate, from June to August, 2018, the provincial "three-adjustment office" held nine training courses, with a total of more than 5,500 people trained and more than 4,400 social workers trained professionally. In order to test and strengthen the training effect, the training also specially arranged the examination link, and finally 3800 people passed the test.

Before the "Three Tunes" work was rolled out on a large scale, our province adopted the pilot method to try first. In addition to the national pilot of new land survey technology in Daying County, our province has also identified four provincial-level pilot demonstration areas and counties, namely Jinjiang District of Chengdu, Renhe District of Panzhihua City, Longmatan District of Luzhou City and Changning County of Yibin City, to carry out the work of "three adjustments" in an orderly manner. "The investigation work in these pilot demonstration areas and counties has played a good role in leading the demonstration and laid the foundation for the full implementation of the’ three adjustments’ work in the province." The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Department of Natural Resources said.

The survey base map is the basic data of the "three tones", which relates to the overall accuracy of the survey. To this end, our province organizes special personnel to regularly connect with the national "three-adjustment office" and the Provincial Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information Bureau, track and implement the production of survey maps, and collect and distribute them in time. At present, the achievements of all counties in the province have been obtained, covering nearly 486,000 square kilometers, including 3.653 million map spots, covering an area of nearly 53.815 million mu. The Provincial Department of Natural Resources also docked relevant units such as civil affairs, ecological and environmental protection, housing and urban construction, transportation, water conservancy, agriculture and rural areas, forestry and grass, surveying and mapping, railways, etc., and did a good job in collecting basic investigation data.

"Internet"+proof platform is the "secret weapon" of "Three Tunes" work. The "Three Tunes" adopts an achievement quality assurance system with "Internet"+proof platform as the core, which assists the interpretation of high-resolution remote sensing images, and the relevant departments of the state and province conduct internal verification through on-the-spot proof photos, which is highly reliable. At the same time, when the field investigators take photos at the scene, they correspond the information such as angles and coordinates with the field photos one by one, which ensures the authenticity and accuracy of the survey data.

Chengdu Qingbaijiang explores "three tones"

Make the survey detailed and the data solid

In mid-January, Longwang Village, Renhe Town, qingbaijiang district, Chengdu. The fog in the morning has not dispersed, and investigator Yan Quanlin has started a day’s work. Sichuan Chuanhe Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information Co., Ltd., where Yan Quanlin works, is responsible for the third national land survey in qingbaijiang district. It is normal for them to go to villages to check the land use situation.

This is a microcosm of the third national land survey in our province. How to do the investigation? What’s the use of investigation? This can be seen from the practice of this small village.

How? "Three adjustments" to the end, the verification does not leak a place.

Basemap is the basis of investigation, which is issued by the state. Based on the latest orthophoto image, according to the image characteristics, the land use types are interpreted patch by patch, and the land use patches are extracted, which is made with reference to the results of the 2016 land change survey database. In order to make the details clearer, Qingbaijiang invested more than 5 million yuan to carry out aerial photography of the whole area at a large scale of 1: 2000. "As small as a tree and a Zhang Shitou table, it can be reflected on the map."

According to the requirements of the "three adjustments", it is necessary to accurately find out the use type, area, ownership and distribution of each piece of land in urban and rural areas throughout the country and establish a land survey database. "What we have to do is to go to every household and truthfully reflect the current situation of land use." Yan Quanlin said.

In the field investigation, investigators will carry a tablet computer with them, which contains an electronic version of the base map, which has the function of positioning, can navigate for investigators, and can also sketch directly if they encounter inconsistent spots. "In the last round of investigation, because the base map was not clear enough, some houses were not seen on the map and were ignored, which caused great inconvenience to farmers." Liu Guanghai, deputy director of the Third Dispatch Office in qingbaijiang district, said that the district has set up leading groups for the Third Dispatch at all levels, and included village cadres in the contact list of the township "Third Dispatch" groups, and followed the investigators to visit the households to ensure that there were no omissions.

It is worth mentioning that, while carrying out the "three adjustments", qingbaijiang district further investigated and verified the collective land ownership, collective construction land use right (including homestead use right), contracted management right, agricultural land use right and forest right, and asked the villagers’ groups to investigate the collective land ownership, so as to lay a solid foundation for vector graphics management of natural resources in the whole region.

What do you think? In-depth publicity is known to everyone, and only by finding out the base can we revitalize resources.

"They often come to investigate, and we all know that they are welcome." In Longwang Village, the "Three Tunes" are not just propaganda documents posted in the village committee office, but major events that every household really cares about. With the cooperation of the masses, the work of "three adjustments" in Qingbaijiang ran out of "acceleration".

From the beginning of the "Three Tunes" work, the town called a meeting of village cadres to convey the connotation of the "Three Tunes" work to the grassroots in time and to fully explain the significance of the "Three Tunes" to rural development. Longwang Village has also held many meetings of members to popularize the knowledge of "Three Tones". Longwang Village is located in a deep hill with poor living conditions. "When there is a drought in summer, we have to drive to pull water up." Xiao Peng, director of the village, said that the survey showed that more than 90% of the villagers were willing to move to the foot of the mountain.

On January 16th, relevant people visited the village and found that every villager could say a few words about the meaning of the "three tones". In Xiao Peng’s view, a clear investigation of the base will lay a good foundation for the next implementation of the increase and decrease linked project. For villager Liu Weicheng, the significance lies in "finding out how wide the house at home is, and then moving to the community and calculating the compensation, it will be clear."

By increasing or decreasing linked projects, villagers will move to concentrated residential areas, which will change the production and living conditions and expand the development space of the village. "We intend to introduce social capital and build a rural tourism project." Xiao Peng said that only by making clear the stock in the village through investigation can the project be planned smoothly and lay a good foundation for rural revitalization. "The people are very supportive of this."

"Three Tones" Tips

A few days ago, the Office of the Leading Group for the Third National Land Survey in the State Council issued the Technical Questions and Answers of the Third National Land Survey, which sorted out 70 specific operational problems and treated the "intractable diseases" encountered in the survey. Some problems are selected here to provide reference for the work of "three adjustments"

1, the new cultivated land in the land consolidation project area, in the investigation whether according to the land consolidation project documents to determine the scope of cultivated land map?

Answer: The plots with cultivated land at present, whether it is land consolidation, farmers’ independent development or reclamation projects, should be investigated according to the field cultivated land scope, and the map boundary should not be determined according to the consolidation scope.

2. The field is irrigated land, which was originally managed according to paddy field. How to investigate?

Answer: For the paddy field survey of paddy-upland rotation, for the irrigated land used for a long time. If the investigation is irrigated land, evidence must be given on the spot.

3. How to investigate the map spots where the land use registered with the right is inconsistent with the actual use?

Answer: According to the actual situation, it is not allowed to investigate directly according to the approved use or planned use of land.

4. There are a large number of rural houses of 100 to 200 square meters in some areas. Is it allowed that the minimum area of construction land in some counties and districts is 100 square meters?

A: All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) can improve the survey accuracy of construction land in their own provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) and reduce the minimum area index on the map, but the accuracy of the whole province (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) should be guaranteed to be uniform.

5. The cultivated land that has been abandoned for a long time is covered with shrubs, and the ridges of cultivated land are still clearly visible. How to investigate?

Answer: According to the current situation, it is forest land. If farming can be resumed after cleaning, the attribute "Farming can be resumed after cleaning" shall be marked.

6. How to investigate the villagers planting fruit trees on the land registered as cultivated land in the contract certificate?

Answer: According to the current investigation, it should be investigated as plantation land, and it should not be investigated according to the registered use of the contract.

7, within the scope of the village, the field for farming purposes, whether according to the facilities of agricultural land survey?

Answer: If livestock and poultry are raised centrally in a village, it shall be investigated according to the protected agricultural land; if it is within the scope of concentrated contiguous villages, it may be marked with the attribute of 203.

8. How to investigate the green land inside the factory? Answer: The green forest land and grassland in the completed factory are investigated according to the industrial land.

9. There are many kinds of land types (such as pits and ponds, weeds, woodlands, sporadic construction, etc.) in the map spots interpreted by the state according to images, and the field situation is complicated. How to investigate?

A: The information and scope of map classification provided by the state are for reference. According to the present situation on the spot, the map spots should be divided and the land types should be determined respectively if the minimum area on the map is reached; Those that do not reach the minimum area on the map are merged into adjacent land types. If it is inconsistent with the country’s interpretation of land types based on images, it is necessary to take photos and give evidence on the spot as required.

10. Can fields, roads, ditches, etc. be represented by single-line linear features?

A: No. Linear features such as roads, ditches and rivers that meet the above standards should be re-vectorized according to the field investigation results and image characteristics, and represented by patches. (Mi Fang Tan Wei)