标签： 上海夜生活导航

＂People’s democracy in the whole process＂ and ＂dynamic clearing＂ … The first press conference of the National People’s Congress of the two sessions responded to these hot questions

At 12 o’clock today (March 4), the Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress held a press conference in the Press Room of the Great Hall of the People. Zhang Yesui, a spokesman for the conference, introduced the agenda of the conference and answered questions from Chinese and foreign journalists on issues related to the work of the NPC.

Zhang Yesui responded to hot issues such as "dynamic clearing", "people’s democracy in the whole process" and "Sino-US relations".

Announce the agenda of the Fifth Session of the 13th National People’s Congress.

Zhang Yesui introduced that there were 2,951 deputies to the 13th National People’s Congress. At present, 2,801 people have reported to the Congress, and all preparations for the Congress have been made. The six-and-a-half-day conference opened on the morning of March 5th and closed on the morning of 11th, with 10 items on the agenda.

Talking about legislative work: paying more attention to improving quality and social effect

Zhang Yesui introduced that in the past year, the NPC and its Standing Committee strengthened legislation in key areas, emerging areas and foreign-related areas, and paid more attention to improving the quality and social effects of legislation while speeding up legislation.

On epidemic prevention and control: "dynamic zero clearing" is not the pursuit of "zero infection"

Zhang Yesui introduced that "dynamic zero clearing" is a prevention and control policy put forward on the basis of adhering to the general strategy of "external defense input and internal defense rebound" and earnestly summing up the experiences and lessons of various places. It mainly includes three aspects:

1. Take the initiative to find the source of infection in time.

2、Take public health or social intervention measures quickly, track and manage secret contact personnel, and cut off the transmission route.

3. Effectively treat patients.

Zhang Yesui also said that "dynamic zero clearing" is not to pursue zero infection, but to control the epidemic as soon as possible. Facts have proved that this practice is in line with the actual situation in China, and the approach is correct and the effect is good. No matter from the figures of diagnosis and death, or from the data of economic development, China is one of the most successful countries in epidemic prevention work in the world.

Talking about democracy: democratic and undemocratic practice is the most convincing, and the people have the most say.

Zhang Yesui introduced that there are two key words in the whole process of people’s democracy, one is people’s democracy and the other is the whole process. In the whole process of developing people’s democracy in China, there are not only complete institutional procedures, but also complete participation in practice.

In addition, Zhang Yesui also said that democracy is not an ornament, not for decoration, but for solving problems that people need to solve. A country is democratic and undemocratic, practice is the most convincing, and the people of this country have the most say. Democracy is not the best, only better. China is willing to exchange and learn from other countries on the basis of mutual respect, and constantly enrich and improve the achievements of human political civilization.

On the election of deputies to the National People’s Congress: fully embodying the wishes of the overwhelming majority of the people

Zhang Yesui introduced that the people’s congress system is the fundamental political system of China. The principle of combining direct elections with indirect elections has the widest universality and representativeness, and fully reflects the wishes of the overwhelming majority of the people. There are five deputies to the National People’s Congress in China, all of whom are democratically elected for a term of five years.

Talking about Sino-US relations: Taking China as a strategic competitor will only undermine mutual trust and cooperation between China and the United States.

Zhang Yesui said that mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation should be the correct way for China and the United States to get along in the new era. The key to peaceful coexistence is mutual respect. Win-win cooperation is in the fundamental interests of the two countries and peoples and is also the expectation of the international community. How the United States can improve its own competitiveness is its own business. Taking China’s development as an excuse and taking China as a strategic competitor will only undermine mutual trust and cooperation between China and the United States, and will certainly harm its own interests. Draw a line with ideology, draw a "small circle" and engage in group confrontation, all of which are contrary to the development trend of the times and simply won’t work.

On neutral relations: there is no so-called economic coercion in China.

Zhang Yesui said that the Lithuanian government has seriously violated the one-China principle and the political commitment made by China when it established diplomatic relations in a neutral way. It is completely justified and inevitable that the China government will respond resolutely to this. At present, the responsibility for the problems in the relations between the two countries lies entirely with the cube. In international trade, China never discriminates against any country or enterprise, and there is no so-called "economic coercion". China hopes that the EU will take an objective and fair stance and will not escalate the issue of neutrality to the level of China-EU relations.

Talking about vaccines: China is the country that provides the most vaccines to foreign countries.

Zhang Yesui said that up to now, China has provided more than 2.1 billion doses of vaccines to more than 120 countries and international organizations, accounting for one-third of the total vaccine use in the world outside China, and it is the country that provides the most vaccines to foreign countries.

China will continue to insist on developing countries as its main partners in vaccine cooperation. Some enterprises in China have cooperated with many developing countries to produce and can vaccines, and signed joint vaccine production agreements with many developing countries, initially forming an annual production capacity of more than 1 billion doses.

On "Foreign Sanctions Law": a defensive measure to deal with containment and suppression.

Zhang Yesui said that China’s Anti-Foreign Sanctions Law is a special law with strong directionality and pertinence, and the word "anti" stands out. China’s anti-foreign sanctions law is a defensive measure to contain and suppress, which is essentially different from the "unilateral sanctions" of some countries.

Producer: Lu Yi

Producer Zhang Yuan

General Desk reporter Wang Nan Fan Jing

Development and Reform Commission： China’s football will become world-class by 2050 at the latest.

　　Yesterday, the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Medium-and Long-term Development Plan for Football in China. Planning for the near future to 2020, the medium term to 2030, and the long-term outlook to 2050. The national men’s football team ranks among the top in Asia, and the women’s football team returns to the ranks of world-class teams. In 2050, China will strive to achieve the goal of being a first-class football power.

　　◎ goal

　　China Football Dream in 34 Years

　　From this year to 2020, China football will take laying a foundation as the development goal, and accelerate the development of campus football. There are 20,000 national characteristic football schools, and the number of primary and secondary school students who regularly participate in football exceeds 30 million. The number of people who regularly participate in football in the whole society exceeds 50 million. There are more than 70,000 football fields in China, making every 10,000 people have 0.5 to 0.7 football fields. In terms of professional football, cultivate two or three first-class and world-famous football clubs in Asia.

　　From 2021 to 2030, the campus football, social football and professional football systems operated effectively. Every ten thousand people have a football field. The organization and competition level of professional football leagues in China has reached the first class in Asia, the national men’s soccer team ranks among the top in Asia, the women’s soccer team has returned to the ranks of the world’s top teams, and the image of a big sports country has been further enhanced.

　　From 2031 to 2050, we will strive to achieve the goal of being a first-class football power, realize the football dreams of Chinese children and make contributions to the world football.

　　◎ measures

　　Encourage undergraduate colleges to set up football colleges.

　　In terms of campus football, the Plan requires that football should be included in the teaching content of physical education class, a football teaching guide should be formulated, and online football courses should be developed and made available free of charge.

　　The plan puts forward: it is necessary to speed up the training of campus football coaches and referees, incorporate campus football teachers into the national training plan for kindergarten teachers in primary and secondary schools, and train 50 thousand full-time and part-time football teachers; In terms of competitions, a national four-level league of universities, high schools, junior high schools and primary schools will be established.

　　In order to encourage students to participate in football activities for a long time, the Plan requires that the proportion of football-specific students recruited by physical education majors in colleges and universities should be increased, students from other majors should be encouraged to take football courses, and qualified undergraduate colleges should set up football colleges and actively set up football majors in secondary vocational schools.

　　The construction of football field should be incorporated into land planning.

　　The Plan requires that 60,000 football fields be repaired, rebuilt and built nationwide, so that every 10,000 people will have 0.5 to 0.7 football fields, including 40,000 campus football fields and 20,000 social football fields.

　　In terms of campus venues, each primary and secondary school with football characteristics should have more than one football field, and qualified colleges and universities should have more than one standard football field, and improve the utilization rate of school football venues. Promote the construction of football stadiums in communities. Each county-level administrative region has at least two social standard football fields, and a football field with more than five players should be built in the newly-built residential area of the city where conditions permit.

　　In terms of security, the "Planning" requires that the construction of football fields be included in urban and rural planning, the overall land use planning and the annual land use plan, and it is strictly forbidden to change the land use of football fields; Real estate and land occupied by football venues can enjoy preferential property tax and urban land use tax according to regulations; The price of water, electricity, gas and heat for football venues and facilities shall not be higher than the general industrial standards.

　　Perfecting safeguard policies to attract overseas talents.

　　The Plan requires that the number of registered players should be gradually increased, and the discovery and selection mechanism should be optimized, so that excellent football players with excellent skills and high literacy can stand out.

　　Implement the overseas talent introduction plan, attract high-level football talents to work in China, and improve relevant policies such as entry and exit, residence, medical care and children’s education. On the other hand, football professionals are encouraged to study abroad and more professionals are supported to work in international organizations.

　　The Plan encourages communities and enterprises to set up corresponding posts to attract retired athletes and coaches to engage in social football guidance. Accelerate the training of professional football coaches and community football instructors, and the number of rotation training will increase year by year, reaching 10,000 in 2020.

　　When Beijing landed.

　　There are 200 characteristic football schools in 16 districts.

　　Yesterday, the reporter learned from the Beijing Municipal Education Commission that 200 schools with football characteristics have been identified in 16 districts of Beijing, including 113 primary schools and 87 other schools.

　　Last year, Beijing studied and formulated the "Three-year Plan for Promoting the Development of Campus Football", and planned to invest 50 million yuan for football education in primary and secondary schools. At the same time, the football project will be included in the optional test item of the 2016 senior high school entrance examination physical education test (not necessarily tested). In the newly-made football development plan, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission requires qualified primary schools to offer a football class every week. At present, some qualified primary schools have started teaching.

　　In terms of venues, all districts are also actively looking for solutions. Last year, Haidian District allocated 10 million yuan to build 10 "cage football fields" to solve the problem of small football venues on campus.

　　Introducing foreign teachers to support suburban schools.

　　In the construction of football teachers, Beijing has not only sent teachers to France and Britain, but also introduced foreign coaches to Beijing. It is understood that foreign coaches introduced in Beijing will focus on sending them to schools in the outer suburbs.

　　At the beginning of this year, three coaches from the Netherlands have arrived in Beijing in advance to teach in three primary schools in Daxing, Fangshan and Xicheng District until the end of August this year. Beijing has also sent a team of coaches based on the Guoan Club to Pinggu District. At the same time, youth coaches hired from Japan go to Pinggu every month to carry out teaching work. In addition, Beijing Football Club has signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Yanqing District to support the development of campus football, and when the time is ripe, it will also radiate to other outer suburbs.

　　In addition, at the beginning of this year, the Beijing Youth Campus Football Reserve Team Construction Football Winter Training Camp has also been launched. A total of 106 first echelon players were selected from 16 districts in the city, of which 40% were girls.

　　In the training camp, Pei Encai, a famous football player, served as the head coach, Ma Yuanan, a former China women’s football coach, served as the technical consultant, Wang Liping and Kun Wang, former main players of women’s football, Liu Lifu and Lu Jianren, former famous players of Beijing team Li Gongyi and Gu Daquan, former Beijing women’s football coach, served as the head coaches of various echelons.

　　Famous football commentator Jin Shan

　　Campus football and professional football are expected to merge.

　

　　Regarding the "Planning", Jin Shan, a famous football commentator, said: "What was introduced in the State Council before was an idea, and this time it is a concrete measure supported by policies, which has brought positive effects. In response to the problems that have arisen in the past year, the introduction of specific plans has been solved. "

　　Teacher Jin Shan pointed out that some people also raised concerns about the specific content of the plan. "For example, it is not as easy as you think to find tens of thousands of qualified teachers and cultivate them to be able to teach. Besides the venue, there are 0.5 to 0.7 football fields per 10,000 people, especially in places with crowded land in big cities. It is still doubtful whether this goal can be achieved. "

　　Jin Shan also pointed out that the professional league in China has been developed for 21 years, and it can’t be said that there is no progress, but the normal system was broken from the beginning, which led to the serious derailment of campus football and professional football. After the introduction of this specific plan, people can see the prospect of the real integration of campus football and professional football. "Just like Japan and South Korea, middle school students show super football talent, and college students can also participate in professional leagues. Only in this way can China’s professional football selection have a broad and solid foundation, and the take-off of China football is even more exciting. "

　　Fu Qiang, Executive Vice President of Huaxia Happiness Club

　　Our established plan will be fine-tuned.

　　The promulgation of "Planning" has attracted the attention of various clubs. A number of club leaders said frankly that they should seize the great situation of the country’s vigorous development of football and fully implement the plans made by the club according to itself.

　　When talking about the specific planning of the club, Fu Qiang, executive vice president of Huaxia Happiness Club, said, "Last year, Huaxia Happiness invited a consulting company to make strategic planning for the club. After nearly two months of in-depth research in the club’s operation, publicity, youth training, brand, competition, logistics and other specific departments, the other party has formulated a medium-term plan for the club for 5 to 10 years. Our current work is also pushing forward according to the plan formulated at that time. "

　　Fu Qiang stressed that the situation of developing football in the country is excellent now, but the plans made for their respective clubs will not change. "We won’t make strategic adjustments in the general direction now, just fine-tuning some details. After all, the formulation of strategic planning is very cautious, and it was decided after long-term investigation and visit. So once it is formulated, it must be fully implemented. "

　　Ma Chengquan, Chairman of Super League Company

　　Policy no longer stops talking.

　　Ma Chengquan, chairman of Super League, said: "It is a good thing to plan it specifically, which will definitely promote the development of football in China."

　　Ma Chengquan said that the planning will play a positive role in strengthening the construction of the club, improving the quality of players and strengthening the organization level of the event.

　　Ma Chengquan pointed out that the plan was issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, indicating that from top to bottom, all walks of life began to pay attention to caring about football, and also made the previous policy guidelines that only stayed in the mouth really have a basis for landing. "I look forward to the relevant departments, such as the National Development and Reform Commission, the General Administration of Sports, the Education Commission, etc., all based on the planning requirements, earnestly implementing them and cooperating with each other, and really making great efforts to improve the football level in China." Ma Chengquan stressed.

　　Jinghua Times reporter Zhang Xiaomin Guo Ying

How far is the spring of domestic sci-fi movies？

　　Changsha Evening News All-Media Reporter Ning Shaou

　　Recently, Liu Cixin’s famous sci-fi novel "Three-body" has spread the news that it will be adapted into a TV series and an animation. In the case that the film version is far away and the stage version is mixed, it undoubtedly blows the wind of hope to sci-fi fans. This year, The Wandering Earth opened the "first year of science fiction" in China, and "Three-body" is the "apple of the eye" of domestic science fiction. Whether various versions can successfully create a "three-body universe" directly determines whether the spring of China science fiction movies can come as scheduled.

　　So far, it is difficult to get a glimpse of the true face. The movie version of Three-body has a lot of life.

　　Li Jinglan, a citizen, is a veteran sci-fi fan. She has been buying China’s sci-fi enlightenment magazine "Sci-fi World" since middle school, and there is still a thick stack at home. The earliest issue can be traced back to the 1990s. "Three-body" was first serialized in "Science Fiction World", and she still treasures the magazine serialized in the first issue.

　　"At that time, I was really scared. It turned out that China writers can also write sci-fi novels comparable to world-class standards." Li Jinglan said. In addition to reading domestic science fiction, she has also read the works of many foreign writers such as Asimov and robert heinlein. In her opinion, Three-body is not inferior.

　　After reading it, Li Jinglan went crazy about "Amway" and "Three-body" to her friends, but at that time, science fiction was still a "niche hobby" and her friends didn’t buy it.

　　After serialization, Three-body won the international recognition of Hugo Award and gradually became familiar to the public. During the Spring Festival this year, another work by the original author Liu Cixin, The Wandering Earth, was put on the big screen, which won a super-high box office of 4.5 billion yuan, becoming the first box office in China’s film history, making science fiction gradually "out of the circle", and friends who were not interested before came to borrow books from her. "I am very happy that my favorite things have finally been accepted by more people because of film and television." Li Jinglan said happily that in this screen-reading era, film adaptation is undoubtedly the most effective channel to expand the influence of the original work.

　　Although the sci-fi blockbuster The Wandering Earth is a great success, the most anticipated adaptation of Liu Cixin’s work has always been the pinnacle "Three-body". However, for various reasons, the film and television adaptation of Three-body has not been smooth, which can be called "a long way to go".

　　The copyright of "Three-body" was first won by the tourist culture, and the film was adapted around 2017. At that time, the propaganda caliber of the tourists was to spend a lot of money on filming, and invited popular actors such as William Feng and Zhang Jingchu to star. However, it was later reported that the quality of the film was worrying. Although the tourists repeatedly publicized that they would release the film on a certain day of the month, there was no more.

　　The film adaptation was put on hold for two years, and sci-fi fans also complained about the company, criticizing them for not "adapting", but making a difference as a middleman, sticking to copyright and waiting for appreciation. Last year, it was reported that Amazon, an American streaming media giant, was negotiating to buy the copyright of Liu Cixin’s "Three-body" and planned to produce a three-season TV series with a total investment of $1 billion. Previously, Amazon won the global copyright of the The Lord of the Rings TV series at a high price of $250 million. According to the ratio of copyright fee to production fee in The Lord of the Rings, the copyright of "Three-body" may be as high as $100 million. Unfortunately, this matter ended in vain.

　　Liu Cixin didn’t make a big splash when he sold the copyright to the tourists. Although he kept his mouth shut about the copyright fee, the online rumors sold it for only several hundred thousand yuan at that time. The copyright transfer fee of $100 million may have some moisture, but the industry generally believes that the value of 10 million yuan for "Three-body" should be a normal price. If the rumored figures are true, the tourists have really dug a "gold mine".

　　The stage version of the tour, many TV dramas and cartoons are coming?

　　As mentioned above, before the copyright is clear, the movie version of "Three-body" is expected to make the audience want to wear it for a while, but other versions of "Three-body" are already eager to try.

　　In June 2016, the stage version of Three-body I: The Past of the Earth premiered in Shanghai. According to media reports, the drama was adapted to the first part of the original novel trilogy, The Past of the Earth. As soon as it was released, it triggered a drama-watching craze. The first round of national tour went through many first-and second-tier cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Chengdu and Chongqing, and the attendance rate was over 90%, which was unprecedented. The play has also visited Hunan Grand Theatre before, and it was also full of applause. Mr. Xiao, who watched the play, said: "I haven’t read the original novel, but as an ordinary audience, I think it’s very good. Some high-tech 3D technologies also make the experience of watching the play very novel."

　　"The Past of the Earth" is the beginning of the trilogy. As far as the plot is concerned, it is not the strongest, nor is it the best. The first one was so successful, and the production team also set their sights on the second and third parts. Last year, "Three-body II: Dark Forest" was also moved to a small theater, and the tour of the third part should only be a matter of time.

　　The tourists have also made new moves recently after falling into the sand in the movies. In June this year, the TV series "Three-body" was put on record by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television. The record shows that the drama is scheduled to officially start shooting in September, and it is still produced by Shanghai Youzu Culture. It is planned to shoot 24 episodes and the production period is 12 months. However, on the official page of Youzu, the related materials of "Three-body" still follow the previous film version and are not updated according to the TV series version.

　　"When the copyright contract is signed, the two parties will make an agreement on film and television adaptation, and set terms such as termination of the contract if it cannot be made into a film and television drama within a certain time limit." Jiang Liang, an insider, told reporters, "Therefore, many people in the industry believe that this so-called TV series version may be a remedy for tourists before the copyright expires."

　　Fans are also cautiously looking forward to the "Three-body" TV series. Li Jinglan said: "It will definitely be chased after filming, but with the lessons of the film, let’s wait and see."

　　What people expect more is the animated version. A few days ago, the video website Bili Bili released the concept trailer of the animated version of Three-body, and the company leading this project once launched the animated film Linglong, which is also a sci-fi theme and well received, which gave the audience some confidence in the animated version of Three-body. From the point of view of the production team alone, the current animated version is more reliable than the previous movie version and the cloud-covered TV version.

　　Can a The Wandering Earth Drive Other Science Fiction Films?

　　During the Spring Festival this year, two films adapted from Liu Cixin’s original works, The Wandering Earth and Crazy Alien, both won good box office. China sci-fi movies caused quite a stir in the film market, and some critics thought it was the first year of China sci-fi movies.

　　On August 9th, Shanghai Fortress, a sci-fi film adapted from Jiangnan’s novel of the same name, will be released. Jiangnan is the "great god" in the field of science fiction and fantasy, and its original works have a large readership.

　　The Hong Kong sci-fi movie "Tomorrow’s Battle" will also be released soon, which has gathered a number of big-name actors such as Louis Koo, Liu Qingyun and Carina Lau. The trailer previously announced is quite hard-core and is also expected by sci-fi fans.

　　Projects such as "Pioneer" directed by Zhang Xiaobei, a well-known screenwriter and film critic, are also in preparation. In the book market, the new sci-fi novel "AI Trek" sells well, and the media reports that its film and television copyright is also quite popular.

　　A movie is ready to go, is the spring of domestic science fiction movies coming? People in the industry are cautious about this. "Compared with other movie types, science fiction is the most ‘ Burning money ’ Yes. Although The Wandering Earth has succeeded, if there are several unsuccessful projects, the enthusiasm for this type of film may soon cool down. " Jiang Liang told the reporter, "On the other hand, science fiction movies started late in China. In the text, there are not many mature original novels, and only a few influential science fiction writers such as Liu Cixin; Technically, there is still a clear gap compared with Hollywood. Even The Wandering Earth has many places that have been criticized, which will restrict the development of domestic science fiction movies. " He also cited domestic cartoons as an example. In 2015, The Return of the Great Sage was born, and anime fans shouted "The Rise of the Country". However, after four years, only several successful cartoons, such as Big Fish Begonia, White Snake: Origin and Nezha: The Magic Child, appeared in the market. The reporter interviewed Liang Xuan, the director of "Big Fish Begonia", and Liang Xuan said that the rise of Guoman was "too urgent" and should be "step by step".

　　In addition, sci-fi movies have not been the "mainstream type" enjoyed by China audiences, and everyone’s acceptance of sci-fi needs to be further cultivated. Li Jinglan said: "I also took my parents to see The Wandering Earth, but they felt that there were too many concepts and the settings were too hard to accept." Even in Hollywood, there are some examples such as blade runner, which was labeled as a "masterpiece" by fans, but failed miserably at the box office. The scientific concepts and complex settings of science fiction movies naturally set a threshold for ordinary audiences.

　　In fact, in addition to Liu Cixin, there are also good writers such as Wang Jinkang, He Xi, Liu Wenyang and Pan Haitian in Science Fiction World, and there are many masterpieces of small scenes and small patterns. Li Jinglan said that science fiction does not necessarily need big scenes and big patterns, and film and television practitioners can also relax their eyes. There are many small and medium-cost science fiction masterpieces such as The Man from Earth and 12 monkeys in the history of film.

　　It’s a bit difficult to satisfy both fans and fans with a large number of books.

　　Three-body novels have sold more than 5 million copies in China, and the book has a deep reader base, which also brings a problem to film and television and various adaptations: how to balance the book powder with the preferences of fans? The reporter once interviewed a young novelist, who argued with a foreign director for two days in order to preserve the plot in the novel.

　　Recently, Jiangnan’s fantasy masterpiece "Kyushu Vaguely Recorded" was made into a TV series. Based on the adaptation, the screenwriter modified some plots in the novel, which caused strong dissatisfaction with the book fans. They had a dispute with the fans on the Internet, and Jiangnan himself had to personally explain. The adaptation of science fiction novels such as Three-body also faces this problem.

　　Jiang Liang said: "The Wandering Earth’s novel is more like an outline of a script. The film inherits its background setting and spiritual core, and only selects hundreds of words to expand it, so it won’t encounter such problems. However, "Three-body" is different. The three masterpieces of "Three-body" have comprehensive information and a larger readership. Once the film and television show is not good, it is likely to cause readers to vomit. " In his view, the scenes such as "proton", "water drop" and "two-way foil" described in "Three-body" are the essence of the book. To restore these things not only tests the production level of the film, but also tests the director’s own understanding and imagination of the book. Of course, film and television adaptation is also an opportunity, an opportunity to make up for the shortcomings of the original and sublimate it. Li Jinglan bluntly said that as a "straight man", Liu Cixin’s description of female roles was flat, and the description of some small emotions was not delicate enough, which could be brought into play and improved in the adaptation.

　　At present, Ne Zha, which is being shown, has made a drastic adaptation of the well-known myth of deity, and the audience is very enthusiastic. Therefore, whether it is to follow the original or to make appropriate adaptations, the audience hopes to see works full of sincerity and wonderful stories.

From ＂Border War＂ to ＂National Entertainment＂： How Rugby Became the First Sport in America

"border war"

On August 30th, 1856, a fierce battle broke out in the small town of Sabato, Kansas, USA. The warring parties were neither white men and Indians, nor Jiang Yang thieves and local people, but abolitionists from the north and militia from Missouri, a slave-holding state in the south. About 400 heavily armed Missouri militiamen attacked this small town guarded by the famous abolitionist leader John Brown. Being outnumbered, john brown and the abolitionists finally had to retreat, and Mr. Sabato was also looted. The incident became a microcosm of the Kansas Civil War.

In 1854, the US Congress passed the kansas-nebraska act, allowing Kansas and Nebraska to decide whether to join the United States of America as a "free state" or a "slave state" by referendum. This is tantamount to the abolition of the Missouri compromise in fact, which intensified the contradiction between the north and the south on the issue of slavery.

After that, a large number of abolitionists from the north and southerners who advocated the maintenance of slavery flooded into Kansas, hoping to win the referendum by means of large-scale immigration in the short term. Under the tense atmosphere, a series of violent conflicts broke out between the two sides of the contradiction, which eventually led to a Kansas version of the "civil war." This mini-war, known as "bloody Kansas", is often regarded by later generations as a prelude to the American Civil War or a scaled-down version of the Civil War. In January 1861, after this bloody baptism, Kansas finally joined the Union as a free state. However, only three months later, the Civil War officially started. At the beginning of the war, out of revenge, a group of Kansas militia named Jayhawks attacked and looted several towns in Missouri. Later, a local armed force calling itself "Fighting Tigers" rose in Missouri to confront it. As a result, the two sides continued their hatred since "bloody Kansas" on the battlefield.

In May 1865, the Civil War officially ended. Nearly 30 years after the smoke of the Civil War dispersed, the blood feud between Kansas and Missouri did not dissipate, and even found a new battlefield to prolong the old hatred and renew the new hatred. On Halloween in 1891, the University of Kansas and the University of Missouri met head-on in an American Football game. Coincidentally, the names of these two college teams are "Kansas Jayhawks" and "Missouri Tigers". In this extremely fierce game, the University of Kansas won by 22-10, which seemed to swear that it was the winner of the civil war again, while the University of Missouri, which was unwilling, stubbornly continued to challenge. Therefore, the two teams agreed to have a contest every year. In the end, this football game not only became a competition between two universities, but also became an honor struggle between two states. The football match between "Jieying" and "Tiger" was even called "Border War" because of the hot and even explosive atmosphere. Since 1891, this "border war" has been fought for 120 years, and it was not until the University of Missouri announced its departure from the "Big 12 Conference" in 2011 that it called a truce. In the final year of the competition, the University of Missouri crushed the University of Kansas 24-10.Revenge for one’s ancestors. During these 120 years, this football game has become a projection of the political, military and historical disputes between the two States.

The "border war" between "Jieying" and "Tiger" lasted for 120 years.

Transformation of American football

George Carlin, a famous American comedian, once described the war metaphor of American football in a famous paragraph: "Baseball is a pastime game in the 19th century, while rugby is a tit-for-tat for industrialization in the 20th century; When you watch baseball, you will feel like going to a picnic, while when you watch football, you will want to kill your opponent at least 27 times. The goal of rugby is clear, and all actions revolve around the Quarterback, the’ battlefield general’. He has to observe the enemy lines and launch a surprise attack, find his catcher in the chaotic army and pass the ball accurately. He must lead an army into enemy territory and try his best to tear a hole in the enemy’s defense line! "

In the world of American football, especially college football, similar and tense feuds are everywhere, and even become one of the biggest selling points of the game, attracting the attention of the whole state and the whole country. For example, the football confrontation between the University of Texas and the University of Oklahoma is called "Red River Showdown", because in 1931, the National Guard of Texas and Oklahoma had a gun battle over the ownership of a bridge across the Red River between the two States. The feud between the University of Michigan and Ohio University can be traced back to the conflict between the two States around the border demarcation in 1835. Since 1897, the fighting between the two schools on behalf of the two States on the football field has become the most wonderful, intense and even tragic rivalry in the history of North American sports. Before and after the game, Ohio will hold "Beat Michigan Week". On the day before the 2006 World War II, Bo Schembechler, the meritorious coach of the University of Michigan, died of a heart attack. After that, every year before the Ohio University, the University of Michigan will play Bo Schembechler’s cry "Team!" before his death. Team! Team! " （The Team！ The Team！ The Team！ ) to boost morale.

The reason why American college football has become the carrier of American social tradition and even national hatred is closely related to its development and evolution to some extent. In the eyes of many foreigners, American football players seem to be all rough and tough men with big arms and round waist, developed limbs and mostly simple minds. However, American football was originally popular in college campuses all over the United States as elite and intellectual sports. In fact, even today, all professional players who participate in the National Football League need to take an IQ test before they can qualify. At the beginning of American football’s popularity in universities in the 19th century, it happened that the movement of "Physical Christianity" was in the ascendant. This Christian faction, which originated in England, advocates that sports can not only exercise the physique, but also improve the spiritual character of Christians. And a strong Christian is a symbol of God’s glory. Influenced by it, a very important task of YMCA is to advocate young people to actively participate in sports. The rapid popularity of American football in American universities also relies on the east wind of "strong Christianity" and "YMCA", and also provides religious legitimacy for hot-blooded college students to participate in such intense and even violent sports. As a social elite, college students have naturally become spokesmen and defenders of historical traditions in various States and regions.

In 1869, Princeton University and Rutgers College played the first American football game in history. As a sport born out of rugby, American football is even more intense, and college students are injured and even killed because of the game. In 1905, as many as 18 famous college students were injured and died in the competition, which became a major news in the United States at that time and alarmed then President theodore roosevelt. As a "progressive", Roosevelt Sr. issued a statement demanding that the rules of American football must be revised to ensure the safety of players, and young people who should be the pillars of the country should not be allowed to die in vain on the court. In the end, the rules of American football changed decisively-players were allowed to pass the ball forward instead of passing it back or flat like rugby, which gradually transformed the sport into what it is today.

Athletes singing hymns, taken in the gymnasium of YMCA Training School in Massachusetts, USA in 1909.

"national entertainment"

Although as early as the 1920s, professional football games, represented by the National Football League (NFL), appeared, but their commercialization was not high. In contrast, baseball, which has been professional and commercialized as early as the 19th century, is the "first sport" for citizens and workers. At that time, many professional football teams were "attached" to professional baseball clubs. Until today, people familiar with American sports can easily find many football teams and baseball teams with the same names, such as Giants, Cardinals, Redskins, Pirates and so on. In addition, quite a few early professional American football teams were actually in a "semi-professional" state, and players had other businesses besides playing. For example, the old team with a long history-"Green Bay Packer" is a team composed of local paper packers, which started with a sponsorship fee of $500 from the boss. Later, in order to ensure the normal operation of the team, the packers turned to issue the team’s shares to local residents, and finally let the team continue to this day in the form of "crowdfunding", even in the league.

In fact, until the eve of World War II, the campus elite label of American football remained unchanged, and most professional players were also graduates from universities, including many famous schools such as Ivy League. Many of the stars of universities or professional teams in those days later became world-famous politicians and social elites, and even entered the White House. Former US President Ford was once the star center of the University of Michigan. During the two years from 1932 to 1933, he not only helped the school achieve unbeaten results in the season, but also witnessed the epic battle between his alma mater and Ohio University. After graduating from college, Ford was recruited by professional scouts. After rejecting the invitation of Green Bay Packers and Detroit Lions, he went to law school to continue his studies and enter politics.

Byron White, one of the most important justices in the history of the United States Supreme Court in the 20th century, was the absolute main force and the star of the football team of his alma mater, Colorado State University. In 1937, he was even selected as the best team of college football in the United States, leaving more than ten competitive records on the field during his school days. In the second year after graduation, White went to the Pittsburgh Pirates (later the famous Pittsburgh Steelers) to play a professional game for one year. After winning the Best Newcomer Award with the highest rookie salary, White "hung up his boots" and went to Oxford University to study law. However, due to the outbreak of the European War, he had to return to China and transfer to Yale Law School. While studying at Yale, White also took time off to participate in professional competitions, played for Detroit Lions in 1940 and 1941, and finally became the record holder of "the longest charge". In 1942, White was drafted into the U.S. Navy and ended his football career. In 1962, the former football star became a Supreme Court Justice at the age of 44.

Byron White

After the end of World War II, especially after the popularization of television, rugby finally ushered in its own commercialization opportunity. Because the NFL was still an emerging professional sports league at that time, it was more willing to embrace such an emerging product as TV broadcasting. As early as 1848, the normalized broadcast of football matches began to appear on TV. Throughout the 1950s, ABC, NBC and CBS began to broadcast important NFL games one after another, and the broadcasting fee for championship games has reached a million dollars. The NFL, which has tasted the sweetness, is even willing to modify the schedule and rules for TV broadcast to enhance the viewing as much as possible and attract more viewers.

First of all, in order to ensure the visibility of the game and avoid the disparity between teams, the TV broadcasting rights of NFL are negotiated by the league as a whole with major TV networks, and the broadcasting fees obtained are shared equally by all teams, thus ensuring the relative balance of financial resources of each team. Therefore, many Americans jokingly call the NFL a "communist" professional sports league. Secondly, in order to cooperate with the prime time of TV viewing at night, NFL became the first professional sports league to change the important game from afternoon to evening for the first time, and created the tradition of professional sports night games.

Prior to this, Major League Baseball’s important games were usually held on weekend afternoons. After that, Sunday Night Football and Monday Night Football became the trump cards of ratings. In 1967, the American Football Confederation and the original National Football League merged to form a new NFL, and then a new annual championship event, Super Bowl, was established.

As a result, the "Super Bowl" quickly became the highest-rated TV program in the United States and lasted for a long time. Since 1991, the ratings of "Super Bowl" have remained above 40%, and the ratings have been stable above 45% since 2010. In 2016, the audience of the 50th Super Bowl in the United States reached 167 million, and the advertising fee per second reached an astonishing $5 million, almost 118 times that of the 1st Super Bowl in 1967. The "Super Bowl" halftime show has become the biggest stage for American performing stars to dream about. During the 50 years when the "Super Bowl" economy flourished, professional American football finally replaced professional baseball and became the most popular and commercially valuable sports game in the United States.

Similarly, in order to attract more audiences, the venue of the "Super Bowl" is not the home of the two champion teams, but the third place chosen in advance. In the view of NFL management, this arrangement is to show that the "Super Bowl" is a national holiday, not a special welfare that residents of the cities where the two teams are located can enjoy, making it a veritable "national entertainment".

(This article was published in Wenhui Scholar on February 3rd. The original title was From "Border War" to "National Entertainment": American Football Past and Present, which was reprinted by The Paper with authorization. Now the title and subtitle are drawn up by the editor. )

Mai gentile： We should distinguish what is of real value to our life and prosperity.

Ethics in the Conflict of Modernity is a book published by the famous ethicist Mai gentile in the late nineties, which is an authoritative exposition of his philosophical thoughts. In this book, Mai gentile thinks that although the modern welfare state has made up for the disadvantages of capitalism to some extent and improved the living standards of most people, it has not fundamentally eliminated the greater disadvantages of capitalism, which often makes people tired and go astray in satisfying their desires, making it difficult to fully balance their interests and maintain a real cooperative life. Mai gentile hopes that people can think and study these problems, understand their social life, know how to negotiate and make correct moral choices, and become practical rationalists.

In this night when countless people revel in consumption, we hope that more people can understand the call of Mai gentile, examine their own desires and pursue a truly happy life.

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Mai gentile

Mai gentile: Modernity Suitable for Modern Moral Existence

What is the subject’s desire? How are these desires felt and expressed? How are they related to the subject’s practical reasoning? These problems have changed within the social and cultural order and between different social and cultural orders. Biological needs can be constant, but the objects to satisfy desires will be very different. In Edo in the 19th century, people ate sashimi to satisfy their appetite. In Bologna in the 19th century, people’s appetite was satisfied with salsa sauce. Today, Londoners, who have gained the advantages of many families, also appreciate these two delicacies. But no matter in the past or now, the way people learn to eat at the beginning of their growth will change greatly later. Other needs and demands will also undergo the same transformation. In different social and cultural order, people’s ways to meet their needs and demands run through all kinds of life, with different family and professional roles and corresponding goals, aspirations and hopes. As we mentioned earlier, our desires are always closely linked with our emotions, habits and beliefs, which show different forms in different lifestyles. If we want to understand what is the legitimate reason of desire, we must explore the various functions of desire in those lifestyles, which have the characteristics of the social order and cultural order in which we live, and this is the social order and cultural order of modernity. In this quest, we can mainly consider some obvious problems. Opportunities and hopes, security and poverty, regrets and lamentations, aspirations and other issues all show unique modern forms.These problems come from the continuous transformation of work and are the result of the development of economic modernity since the 18th century.

We start with the question of opportunity and hope. The social and cultural order of modernity, no matter what its form, is the result of long-term economic growth and technological innovation. This long-term nature seems to be indefinite, while the growth is sometimes slow, sometimes fast, sometimes continuous, sometimes disrupted, sometimes deliberately shaped, but in more cases it is unplanned. This growth often provides new types of jobs, sometimes provides people with new opportunities to become managers and professionals, and sometimes brings rich returns to those who can dominate others’ work and occupy their surplus labor value, which often makes workers tolerate the slow growth of wages. As a result, a new system has emerged and the old system has been transformed, and perhaps the most obvious result is that schools have become places to train children and teenagers into labor. In these changes, new types of inequality, new forms of class differentiation, new contradictions and struggles, and new goals of desire and ambition have emerged. We only consider three examples of different types of desire subjects. First, workers in the 19th and 20th centuries were generally employed in mills and factories. These workers are realistic. They mainly want to improve their lives and those of their families. They never want to leave the working class. Secondly, the contemporaries who pursued social and economic success (regardless of social background) had skills, imagination and luck, and wanted to go up through the class system to achieve the success recognized locally at that time. Finally, there are contemporary people with money aspirations. They started from some resources and pursued unlimited wealth. The past and present are not satisfied with this statement.

The first kind of stories are about working-class individuals and families, both of which are the political backbone of the trade union movement throughout its history. Such stories often illustrate the necessity of taking collective action. The second kind of stories provide material for novelists and some sociologists, from which we can study the career structure of the bourgeoisie and see the changes of people at all levels of management, such as engineers or lawyers or newcomers in accounting becoming big coffee in this industry. The third kind of stories are sometimes fables of the rich, but they often record cases of habit addiction, which is an addiction to money. These stories all tell the experiences of some individuals, families and groups. Their life motivation comes not only from ambition and hope, but also from fear of frustration and failure, fear of long-term unemployment and poverty, fear of being unable to get rid of the painful work pressure and fear of debt burden.

With these hopes and fears in the macro sense, individuals have formed the forms of love and hate, harmony and hostility, which make their specific desires, tastes, emotions and habits diverse, such as eating this and not eating that, spending time with these people instead of those people, doing things in this way instead of that way, and being willing to stay here instead of there. Only three types of life are mentioned above, but other types of life are also obviously subject to the hopes and fears brought by capitalism and technological modernity. If all these are carefully studied, we need to describe people’s living situations in large quantities, explain how the subject makes choices in specific situations at each stage of his life, and how to weigh the various objects of desire, that is, regard the satisfaction of some desires only as a means to satisfy others, think that some desires have a high priority compared with others, and may painfully or happily re-examine some of his past choices. If these subjects can reflect on how to best balance their desires and lives, what intellectual, moral and social resources do they have?

In fact, they always lack some urgently needed resources, partly because their thought patterns reflect the characteristics of their living situation and partly because of the constraints of their living situation. Let’s talk about the latter first. The common point of their living situation is that they have changed in different degrees due to the influence of capital flow. At first, capital flow may be creative and productive, or destructive, or both. When capital flow can promote the development and application of new technologies, its role is obviously creative and productive, which will lead to new forms of work, such as iron and steel smelting industry in 18th century, German chemical industry in 19th century, or American information technology industry in 20th century. Capital flow is also very destructive. For example, people in a very mature and stable production mode find that their products have no market, so they suddenly and unexpectedly lose their jobs, have no source of life, and sometimes cut off the way out of their whole lives. However, no matter what people’s living conditions are, the key problem of individuals and their families’ desires lies in the relationship between the salary income they earn and the prices of goods and services they pay. People can’t just think about "what I or we want" or "what I or we should get", but what I or we can afford.

When answering the latter question, people need to constantly evaluate the object of their desire and compare its market value, because the market will change according to the demand. But demand is to satisfy any desire that may exist, and it is the need of self-recognition when people happen to have enough money in their pockets at a certain time and place, whether these needs are real needs or not, and whether these desires are the desires that the subject should satisfy. Economic growth requires people who are engaged in productive work to become consumers. In this way, people who provide goods and services to these consumers shape consumers’ tastes, make their products the object of consumers’ desires, and make consumers feel that anything the economy requires them to consume is their own needs. Therefore, these producers and consumers must be able to distinguish between what is of real value to their lives and prosperity and what is the value induced by the market. However, the market society makes it difficult for working-class and middle-class people to think and negotiate together, which is necessary for them to make the above distinction in their daily decision-making. Why do you see it?

To answer this question, we first need to study the conflicts that have occurred in a long and tangled history, in which there are many obstacles, but as a result, they have promoted economic growth or provided the market with necessities of life. From the protection of traditional rights in the British enclosure movement in the 17th and 18th centuries, to the hand-loom workers’ opposition to the use of mechanized looms to maintain their survival, to the radical trade unions’ actions to demand higher wages and better working conditions, and to the protests of urban community organizations and organizers in Chicago and Boston in the 20th century. Many things in this history should have left a deep impression on us. One of them is that people trapped in this kind of conflict can easily express clearly what they oppose rather than support, and can find all kinds of unjust things sharply and accurately, but they can’t clearly explain the influence and function of these unjust things on the correct understanding of the concept of justice. Therefore, in the face of this constructive and destructive change of modernity, ordinary people trapped in this conflict can rarely think and find an appropriate alternative concept about the direction that social and economic changes should take for themselves, so that they can more fully evaluate the ideas that various political movements have firmly believed since the 18th century.

The problem here is that modernity is used to expressing itself in its own terms, which makes it extremely difficult for people to think about modernity without these terms, so they never leave these terms, and these terms exclude the most needed concepts in radical criticism, making them useless. Therefore, we need to explain the distinctive institutionalized activity patterns and thinking habits in those activity patterns, which enables us to answer two different questions, one is about the specific form and deformation of desire in the context of modernity, and the other is about the way of thinking about our activities and life, which is quite different from modernity, but it is an indispensable element to understand modernity. But before trying to make this explanation, I’d like to make a cautious remark, especially for readers who resent my negative views on modernity.

As far as it has experienced a series of social and political freedom and liberation movements against autocracy and oppression, the history of modernity is indeed a real and admirable history of progress in some key aspects. As far as its great artistic and scientific achievements are concerned-from Raphael to Roscoe, or from Palestrina to Schoenberg, and from Copernicus and Galileo to Feynman and Higgs-the history of modernity is indeed a real and admirable history of progress. What I have said here and elsewhere is not meant to slander. However, this same modernity constantly produces new forms of oppressive inequality, new types of material poverty and spiritual poverty, new setbacks and new misleading of desire. There are many very different stories about modernity, all of which are true, but they all need a unique political and economic framework as the premise.

Ethics in the Conflict of Modernity: On Desire, Practical Reasoning and Narration (Watchman)

Author: Alasdair gentile.

Publication date: May 31, 2021

Press: Renmin University of China Press

Original title: "Mai gentile: We must distinguish what is of real value to our life and prosperity"

Read the original text

In 2023, the first Bay Area National Fashion Industry Agglomeration and Digital Intelligence Transformation and Development Conference was held in Guangzhou.

Zhongxin. com, Guangzhou, December 11th (Reporter Jun Guo) The first 2023 Bay Area National Fashion Industry Agglomeration and Digital Intelligence Transformation and Development Conference was held in Guangzhou on the 10th. More than 300 celebrities and representatives from the fashion industry and digital economy, as well as representatives from more than 30 universities including Jinan University and South China Agricultural University attended the meeting to discuss how to release the vitality of the national fashion industry and how to use digital technology to help the industry develop with high quality.

The first 2023 Bay Area National Fashion Industry Agglomeration and Digital Intelligence Transformation and Development Conference was held in Guangzhou on the 10th. Photo by Jun Guo

The conference was co-sponsored by Guangdong Garment Industry Association, Guangdong Electronic Commerce Association, Guangdong Business Economics Association and China Education Group, and undertaken by Guangdong Baiyun College. The theme of the conference is "Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area National Fashion Industry Agglomeration and Digital Intelligence Transformation". Ren Xingzhou, former director of the Market Economy Research Institute of the State Council Development Research Center, Fu Longcheng, vice president of China Business Federation, and Ji Wenbo, vice president of China Fashion Designers Association, and other industry experts gave speeches on topics such as "Super-large-scale consumer market and great opportunity of fashion industry in the tide of the country", "Boosting consumer service innovation to provide strong support for building a new development pattern with double cycles" and "The tide of the country calls for innovative talents in international fashion design".

In his keynote speech, Ren Xingzhou pointed out that the trend of China’s consumer fashion showed obvious stage characteristics with the development of reform and opening up. Take clothing as an example, from the imitation of fashion in Hong Kong and Taiwan in 1980s and 1990s, to the pursuit of Japanese and Korean fashion trends by some young people, to the favor of European and American fashion brands after the obvious upgrade of consumption, and to the rise of national fashion and the development of rapid consumption.

Ren Xingzhou believes that national fashion is the product of China’s sustained economic development and escalating consumption, which is determined by China’s manufacturing supply capacity, consumption scale and consumption grade. In essence, it is the dynamic balance between consumption and supply, and it is also the result of strong industrial chain, supply chain and ecological chain support. At present, the development of national fashion is facing great opportunities, and cultural self-confidence is a powerful driving force for the rise of national fashion. Digital economy is an accelerator for the development of national fashion industry, and the continuous opening up has improved the internationalization level of fashion industry.

At the meeting, Wang Xianqing, vice president of China Business Economics Association, released the Report on the Development of Fashion Industry in the Bay Area in 2023, which revealed the development trend of fashion industry in the national tide represented by clothing with data and cases, and deeply studied the layout and characteristics of fashion industry agglomeration in Greater Bay Area. (End)