月度归档： 2025 年 4 月

Exposing Two Deep Problems： Follow-up Interpretation of Baojun 560 Incident

　　[car home Industry] (|), a model that stopped production for more than two years and was gradually forgotten by the market, has delivered over 610,000 vehicles in the past three years from its listing in July 2015 to its withdrawal from the historical stage in April 2018. However, 19,680 vehicles with 6-speed DCT gearboxes have been repeatedly complained by users due to quality defects, which has become a hard stone for SAIC-GM-Wuling. Today, this stone has been moved to CCTV’s "March 15th Party" in 2020. This endless complaint incident no longer reflects the problem of a certain car company, and there is a deeper "cause" behind it …

Home of the car

■ Special policies to protect users’ interests should be introduced as soon as possible.

　　"It’s quite unexpected to be exposed again." "Wuling used to be a cost-effective company and always wanted to seek a breakthrough." "They all follow the process, and maybe the technology is not good." When communicating with many industry experts, we got such a reply, including the relevant R&D personnel of SAIC-GM-Wuling.

　　Baojun is the first time to board the "3.15 party", but the 6DCT problem about Baojun 560 is not the first time to be exposed by the media. In more than a year after the production of this model was stopped, many local media and TV stations have reported on this matter. Baojun officials are also very concerned, and on June 5, 2019, 19,680 models of 2017 Baojun 560 DCT were recalled because of the calibration problem of engine control module (ECU) software. Baojun upgraded the ECU software for users free of charge and replaced the gearbox clutch damping module.

SAIC-GM-Wuling Baojun 560 2017 1.5T DCT flagship model with 7 seats.

"Baojun 560 2017 1.5T DCT flagship model"

　　The calibration matching of power and transmission system is the problem. It is reported that these cars use a 6-speed wet dual-clutch gearbox code-named DCT360, using pre-engagement technology and dual-clutch adaptive control technology from Borgwarner. Although Baojun engineers have made great efforts on the shifting logic of the transmission, the vehicle still has problems. There are also 20,406 2018 Baojun 530 DCT models and 12,252 2017 Baojun 730 DCT models with the same problem, all of which have been recalled.

　　Generally speaking, the vehicles that have been recalled have determined the solution to the problem. However, in this CCTV report, after the manufacturer recalled Baojun 560 for maintenance, some car owners reported that the problem had not been cured. According to the latest statement of SAIC-GM-Wuling, "a special investigation team has been set up to be responsible for the product quality problems encountered by users at all costs". According to the feedback from some users, at present, manufacturers still register and maintain according to the recall process, and there is no new unified solution.

　　Automatic gearbox and power matching work is not a simple matter, which is also the development difficulty of the whole domestic automobile industry. However, it is unexpected that many related problems appear after the new car goes on the market, and it can not be solved quickly in a short time. It is reported that a large-scale recall will cost hundreds of millions of yuan or even more than 1 billion yuan, and the recall processing will take several months or even longer.

Home of the car

　　During the exchange, some people in the industry suggested that SAIC-GM-Wuling should introduce an appropriate extended warranty policy according to users’ demands, and provide an excellent policy for Baojun 560 DCT owners to replace other Baojun models, in view of the huge operating pressure of the current automobile industry and the main factors such as the long-term suspension of production of Baojun 560 and the lack of 6DCT market position and its replacement by new products. At the same time, the problem of engine control module software calibration encountered by this car is discussed as a long-term research topic to avoid similar problems from happening again in new models.

■ Expose the deep problems of the two industries.

　　The 6DCT problem of Baojun 560 is exposed again, which also reflects two deeper problems, and this is not a matter of SAIC-GM-Wuling, but the deep "cause" of the whole China automobile industry.

　　First, the supervision of automobile recall needs to be tightened, and public supervision should be strengthened.

　　"No recall notice was received!" "How many old cars can be recalled smoothly?" "Will the recall definitely solve the hidden danger?" Similar user questions are common in previous car recalls. This time, the public is still not clear about the overall recall progress and maintenance effect evaluation of nearly 20,000 Baojun 560 vehicles, which has led to the continuous amplification of cases such as "adverse recall and maintenance".

　　According to the implementation measures of the regulations on the recall management of defective automobile products, "producers shall submit a recall periodic report to the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine every three months from the date of implementation of the recall. If AQSIQ has special requirements, the producer shall submit them as required. The producer shall submit a recall summary report to the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine within 15 working days after completing the recall plan. " However, reports like this are almost never made public, and the media rarely follow them up.

Home of the car

　　An anonymous senior supplier of automobile gearbox parts believes that "the recall will make car companies and suppliers pay a huge price. Some serious recalls can lead to huge losses of enterprises. The state has supervision over the recall progress, but it still cannot completely rule out the possibility of the recall subject exploiting legal loopholes." Whether the state needs to further introduce stricter policies on recall supervision and strengthen public supervision is worth exploring in the industry.

　　Ye Shengji, chief engineer and deputy secretary-general of China Automobile Industry Association, told car home that some car companies voluntarily recalled, but if the companies failed to fulfill this responsibility and evade the recall, the regulatory authorities would intervene, and if the recall measures could not effectively eliminate the product defects, the producers would be required to carry out the recall again or take other corresponding remedial measures.

　　Second, the research and development, production and assembly adjustment of automatic gearbox are still industrial problems.

　　In recent ten years, the domestic automobile industry has been in a weak position in the field of automatic transmission for a long time. Not only local enterprises, but also joint ventures have many problems in cost control and matching research and development of automatic transmission products for low-end models. Obviously, the problem of Baojun 560 is not a case in the field of automatic transmission. SAIC-GM-Wuling, as a joint venture with SAIC and GM as the main shareholders, has perfect upstream industry supply capacity. The key components of Baojun 560 are from well-known suppliers at home and abroad, including Nexter’s EPS, Autoliv’s ESC, Aisin’s manual gearbox, Baosteel’s vehicle steel, one-button start and keyless entry in mainland China, and United Electronics’ body control module assembly.

SAIC-GM-Wuling Baojun 560 2017 1.5T DCT flagship model

　　On July 18th, 2015, Baojun 560, the first "big household SUV" of SAIC-GM-Wuling, was officially launched. The configuration of all manual gears and the top price of less than 90,000 made this SUV quickly open to the market, and once rushed to the second place in the sales list of compact SUVs, but Baojun needed to break through to the high end. In 2016, Baojun first tried the 5-speed AMT gearbox from Aisin. Unfortunately, 12,485 2016 Baojun 560 AMT models were recalled due to poor contact of the terminal of the gearbox sensor harness connector. On the other hand, DCT360 developed by SAIC Transmission and Borg Warner began to be matched with Baojun 560, but in the end it could not escape the fate of recall.

　　Nowadays, Baojun brand has taken the CVT gearbox which can simulate 8 gears as the main automatic transmission configuration. In fact, the DCT360 and DCT250 of SAIC Transmission are products developed and promoted in the early stage. This year, SAIC Transmission has launched a new generation of wet medium-torque dual-clutch gearbox DCT280, which matches many new cars of Roewe and MG.

Home of the car

　　Looking back at the whole automobile industry, the local automatic transmission enterprises have been in the process of following and exploring. Although domestic enterprises such as SAIC Transmission, Sheng Rui Transmission, Honeycomb Yichuang, Wan Liyang and Dongan Automobile Development have made breakthroughs in DCT, CVT and AT automatic transmission, the local supply capacity of the upstream components of the industry is only 21%, mostly housings and synchronizers, while key components such as CVT steel belt, dual clutch module and ECU control module are still occupied by foreign companies. There is also a big gap in the experience and accumulation of domestic enterprises in vehicle powertrain integration.

　　Xu Xiangyang, executive deputy director of the National Passenger Car Automatic Transmission Engineering Technology Research Center, said in an interview with the media that many domestic vehicle companies do not have automatic gearbox matching and calibration technology, and the matching and calibration of automatic gearboxes are mostly dominated by suppliers, so the level of transmission companies largely determines the quality level of automatic gearboxes on the whole vehicle. Vehicle companies may not have their own independent automatic transmission suppliers, but they must have corresponding matching and calibration technologies, core control strategies and quality control capabilities for suppliers, so as to avoid similar problems from happening again.

Editor’s comments:

　　When Baojun 560 officially stopped production, there were a lot of doubts in the industry, and of course there were regrets, but the rapidly changing market forced Baojun to make this decision as soon as possible. In 2017, compared with competing products Chuanqi GS4 and Haval H6, Baojun 560 was difficult to make new breakthroughs in terms of sales volume and technical advantages, so Baojun 530 became an alternative model.

　　This incident is a huge product crisis that Baojun brand has to deal with, and it is a brand crisis that needs the management of the enterprise to actively respond to the whole line of sales and after-sales. Regardless of whether the car has been discontinued, car companies should raise the interests of consumers to a new height. What is the core of brand power? The recognition of consumers is the basis for the sustainable development of enterprises. If a solid user base is not established, how can we save users only by upgrading products? If you are the owner of Baojun 560 DCT, how do you want to communicate with the enterprise? What kind of compensation do you want? Let’s leave a message! (Text/car home Liu Honglong)

Experts introduce the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in winter： it is not advisable for parents to give azithromycin to their children by themselves.

CCTV News:On November 13th, the National Health and Wellness Commission held a press conference on the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases in winter. Recently, some parents of children listened to the advice of the internet and gave their children azithromycin and other drugs by themselves. Wang Quan, chief physician of Beijing Children’s Hospital, said that it is not advisable for parents to give their children azithromycin by themselves.

Wang Quan said that the current season is the high incidence of respiratory diseases in children, and mycoplasma pneumoniae infection accounts for a certain proportion, but on the whole, virus is still the most common pathogen of respiratory infections in children, including influenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, etc. Azithromycin is ineffective for viral infections, and it is unreasonable to use azithromycin to treat viral infections.

In addition, the child’s organ function development is not perfect, and drug abuse may cause some adverse reactions, especially organ damage. At present, azithromycin is a prescription drug, which is an antibacterial agent of macrolides. It should be standardized under the guidance of a doctor or pharmacist. This standardized medication includes giving children the right dose, the right course of treatment and the right route of administration. Remind parents that children are not a miniature version of adults, and it is not advisable to abuse drugs or use drugs at will. We must consider the safety and effectiveness of drugs.

Depth Holography： The Encounter of Holography and Depth Neural Network

Written by | Zheng Shanshan and Zhang Xiangyu

Description | This article is submitted by the author (research group).

With the rapid development of mathematical optimization and computing hardware, deep neural network（Deep Neural Networks, DNN）(noun explanation >) has become a powerful tool to solve many challenging problems in various fields, including decision-making, computational imaging, holographic technology and so on.

Since its development in 1947, holography（holography）(noun explanation >) has become an important and extensive technology, and has applications in various fields of optical engineering, including optical imaging, microscopy, metrology, three-dimensional (3D) display and so on. Holography means containing all information of light waves, which is physically divided into two processes: recording and reconstruction of wavefront, both of which can be realized by optical or digital methods.

At present, the two different fields of holography and deep learning have merged with each other, forming a new interdisciplinary field-depth holography.

Recently, from Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of SciencesSitu guohaiResearcher with　Deep holography　For the topic of　Light: Advanced Manufacturing　In this paper, a review article was published, and the progress of depth holography was comprehensively reviewed.holographic(holography)andDeep neural network(DNN)The mutual promotion relationship between them.

Dnn has been proved in holographic reconstruction and computer generated holography.（computer-generated Holography, CGH）Almost all aspects of the application;

● Holography has the ability of interconnection and parallel processing of light speed, which is an optical realization of DNN, that is, optical neural network.（optical neural networks, ONN）(noun explanation >).

In this paper, the basic theory and architecture of DNN are briefly introduced, then some important progress and research trends of depth holography are discussed, and finally its future prospect is prospected. I hope this review can promote the further development of this field.

Deep Neural Networks: A Concise Introduction

The conceptual framework of DNN is shown in Figure 1. Feedforward neural network, or multilayer perceptron.（MLP）There is an input layer, an output layer, and one or more hidden layers. Each layer can have a different number of neurons, called perceptron; And each unit receives the weighted sum of its inputs from the upper layer.(Except for the first layer, its input is the original image to be processed by NN). The goal of feedforward neural network is to optimize an NN model to approximate a continuous function.trainAft learning that network parameter,The mapping from the input space x to the output space y can be realized.

Figure 1. Conceptual architecture of DNN (Source: Light: Advanced Manufacturing)

Compared with the traditional holographic technology based on physics, DNN method has been proved to have unique advantages. As long as there is enough data, DNN can learn features from the higher-level structure composed of lower-level features, but it can’t clearly express the exact physics of the system, which leads to great challenges to the generalization and interpretability of the method.

Therefore, we very much hope that we canGive full play to the advantages of DNN and physical model at the same time, develop DNN based on physical information.（Physics-informed DNN）.

● Physical integration（physical fusion）, or a single physical DNN.

It directly inputs the solution of physical model as DNN model.(part).

● Residual physics（residual 　physics）, or recursive physical information DNN

Add physical solutions to the output of DNN, so that DNN model only needs to learn the mismatch between model-based solutions and the real situation.

● Regularized physics（physical 　regularization）, or concatenated physical information DNN.

The regularization term in a set of physical constraints is used to punish the network solution. The regularization term can be used as part of the loss function or through the physical reconstruction process.　　

● Embedded physics（embedded　physics）DNN

As shown in Figure 2, the central idea is to bring the physical model into the network optimization cycle.

Figure 2. Typical architecture of DNN embedded in physics (Source: Light: Advanced Manufacturing)

● Network approximate physics

As the name implies, the physical model is approximated by using DNN.

Holographic reconstruction

Hologram can be regarded as the superposition of object light and reference beam. The intuitive method of holographic reconstruction is based on the physical model of diffraction, that is, the numerical calculation of wave diffraction process. Off-axis holography can be solved by spatial filtering, but spatial filtering will bring the loss of high-frequency components, which greatly hinders the quality of reconstructed images. For coaxial holography, the removal of zero order is relatively simple, so most of the research on coaxial holography reconstruction is to deal with twins.

Physically, twin images are actually out-of-focus copies of reconstructed object images, which can be eliminated by subtracting out-of-focus images. At present, the most widely used strategy is to adjust some physical parameters of the optical system and obtain the corresponding holograms, so as to establish a small linear equation set, and to link the recorded holograms with the tuning parameters, and then solve the object wavefront.

Mathematically, the twin image artifact is caused by the lack of phase when the hologram is recorded. This shows that if the missing phase of the hologram can be solved, the twin image artifacts can be solved.

Holography inspired by DNN

1) The most direct method: "end to end" DNN

EHoloNet developed by ResNet and U-Net: receiving the original digital hologram as input, and generating the phase object wavefront without artifacts;

Y-network architecture: simultaneously reconstruct intensity and phase from a single digital hologram;

It is also possible to generate a countermeasure network（GAN）Implementation, training data does not need to be paired.

2) Physical fusion, or DNN of single physics.

The traditional numerical free space is used to propagate back to the target plane, and then the amplitude and phase of the reconstructed wavefront are sent to DNN respectively, and all these artifacts are removed by training.

3) physically embedded DNN

As shown in Figure 3, this strategy has two obvious advantages by incorporating the physical imaging model into the traditional DNN:First of all, it does not need any data for pre-training; Secondly, the reconstructed image satisfies the constraints imposed by the physical model, which is interpretable.

DNN model in PhysenNet can be replaced by other neural networks, depending on the task at hand. For example, researchers have successfully incorporated the phase imaging model into the GAN network.

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of DNN incorporating physical model: phase imaging (Source: Light: Science & Applications, 9: 77 (2020).)

In addition, DNN method can also be used to solve various problems related to holography.Such as phase unwrapping, autofocus, phase distortion compensation, speckle suppression, computer generated holography (CGH).

DNN inspired by holographic technology

Holographic technology is to realize optical neural network.（ONN）One of the important ways.

The early research includes the optical realization of fully connected neural network and Hopfield model, which is a cyclic neural network.（RNN）The foundation of. Holographic neural network does not use logical neurons like digital neural network, but relies on the interconnection of hologram itself. In a fully connected holographic neural network, the weights are stored in the pixels of the hologram.(neuron)Medium. a layer or deck(hologram)Each neuron simply modulates the light shining on it from the upstream layer and then illuminates the downstream layer. Holographic neural network can be realized by photorefractive crystal, which is a three-dimensional device in itself and may store billions of weight data. Therefore, it is hopeful to solve large-scale reverse problems in principle.

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of diffraction depth neural network

(a) DNN contains a plurality of transmission (or reflection) layers, in which each point on the layers acts as a neuron with a complex transmission (or reflection) coefficient, and the transmission or reflection coefficient of each layer can be trained using deep learning, thereby performing a function between the input and output planes of the network. After the learning stage, the design of D2NN is fixed; Once it is manufactured or printed in 3D, it can perform the learned functions at the speed of light. Different types of diffraction depth neural networks: (b) classification and (c) imaging. (Source: Science,361(2018))

The modern realization of holographic neural network takes advantage of diffraction, so it is named diffraction depth neural network.（D2NN）, as shown in Figure 4. In hardware implementation, the hologram in D2NN is actually a diffractive optical element.（DOE）It can be realized by 3D printing, nanotechnology, or electrically addressable digital micromirror devices.（DMD）Get. Like many other optical neural networks, the original D2NN was trained offline. In order to implement better training strategies, researchers have made a lot of efforts, such as back propagation technology to update unit weights through gradient transformation from Euclidean space to Riemannian space, and methods to realize optical grouping. People have also studied the applications of D2NN in logic operation, optical information processing, holographic reconstruction, pulse shaping, single pixel machine vision of spectral coding and so on.

Summary and prospect

The integration of holography and neurocomputing has greatly promoted each other’s development, and also provided us with a wonderful field to explore.

For holography inspired by DNN, this paper discusses five different ways to incorporate physical information, and shows their applications in solving various problems related to holography.

● In addition to trying different DNN architectures,An important trend is to incorporate physical models into DNN models.. This idea has been paid close attention by researchers in different fields.

● PhysenNet embedded in physical model has obvious advantages, but its optimization speed is slow.For lightweight network structure and more effective training algorithmMade a request.

●　Comprehensive utilization of the advantages of physical prior and traditional data-driven methodsIt can make the training more effective, improve generalization and increase interpretability.

For DNN inspired by holographic technology, most of the research published so far focuses on optical reasoning. The parallel processing ability of the holographic neural network at the speed of light does guarantee powerful reasoning ability, even surpassing the performance of Tesla V100 tensor core GPU, the top product of Nvidia, in some tasks.

In order to give full play to the advantages of optics, it is necessary toOn-line training of network by optical means.There are many possibilities to effectively implement most basic functions in DNN.　

●　Relying on the development of new optical materials and equipmentThe wave can be modulated at high speed at sub-wavelength scale to improve the performance of D2NN.

●　The rapid development of neural computing provides us with more powerful algorithms., such as spike neural synaptic network (SNN), can simulate the behavior and learning potential of the brain. The applicability and potential of these new algorithms in holographic technology need to be tapped.

Thesis information

Situ. Light: Advanced Manufacturing (2022)3:13　

http://doi.org/10.37188/lam.2022.013

Welcome the submission of the research group-press release

Reprinted/cooperated/contributed by the research group, WeChat:447882024

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Cancer death is related to diet. Four cooking habits or carcinogenicity should be corrected as soon as possible.

"I heard that cooking with gas stoves can cause cancer, and I’ve been thinking about whether to change the induction cooker recently," Aunt Wang said worriedly.

"Really? You won’t be fooled by those marketing numbers again … "Aunt Wang’s daughter questioned, after all, Aunt Wang had been cheated many times before.

"This time, it is said by serious research that it is useless to open a range hood. What can I do!"

……

Does frequent use of gas stoves really cause cancer? Is there any way to reduce the risk?

01

Is the gas stove carcinogenic?

Or increase the risk of leukemia.

According to statistics, at present, the gas penetration rate in China is as high as 98.0%, which is a high level in the world, but recently it has been said that gas stoves can cause cancer. Is it true?

A research team from Stanford University published a paper in Environmental Science & Technology, saying that gas stoves and ovens will release carcinogen benzene during combustion, which may pose a threat to human health.

Benzene is defined as a known human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer and labeled as a "carcinogen" by the US Environmental Protection Agency. There is no lower threshold for benzene exposure, and any degree of benzene exposure may increase the risk of leukemia and lymphoma.

The research shows that gas stoves and ovens will release a lot of benzene when using gas or liquefied petroleum gas (propane), especially when used at high power. On the contrary, the benzene released by induction cooker during combustion is much smaller, so it may be a healthier choice to use induction cooker.

It is worth noting that the use of range hoods can not effectively improve the health risks caused by benzene produced by gas stoves. Even with the help of the range hood, benzene will spread outside the kitchen, and it will stay in the air for a long time, so that people outside the kitchen will be exposed to high levels of benzene for a long time.

In fact, this is not the first time that the health hazards of gas stoves have been discovered. A study by Stanford University shows that the benzene concentration formed by gas stove flame in the room may be higher than the average concentration of second-hand smoke, and it will spread to other rooms far away from the kitchen, so that the benzene concentration in the living space may exceed the national and international health standards and affect health.

After reading the above research introduction, many friends will definitely wonder, can we still use gas stoves in the future? In this regard, nutritionist Gu Zhongyi gave two suggestions:

First, open more windows for ventilation, which is the most effective way to reduce indoor benzene concentration. When cooking, be sure to open the kitchen window for ventilation, and close the doors of the kitchen and bedroom at the same time, and then open the door after cooking. Even if there is a range hood, ventilation cannot be ignored.

Second, consider using induction cookers more, because induction cookers hardly produce benzene. For long-term cooking, you can choose an induction cooker, while cooking such as quick frying can still use a gas stove.

02

Is it normal for gas stoves to emit green light?

Beware of two kinds of anomalies

Are you using a gas stove at home? Have you ever noticed the flame color when natural gas burns? In fact, there are hidden health risks. I hope you can understand them in time.

Under normal circumstances, the flame color of gas stoves and ovens is usually blue. The blue flame indicates that the combustion is sufficient and the fuel is completely burned in oxygen, which is the safest and most efficient state.

If there is a green flame in a gas stove, it usually means that it contains a lot of copper compounds when burning, which may be caused by problems with copper materials in combustion devices or pipes, so it is necessary to clean the stove in time.

It should be noted that if the gas stove has red flame or yellow flame for a long time, it is best to stop using it and check whether its function is normal.

1. Poor smoke exhaust

Long-term use of gas stoves may cause the gas outlet to be blocked by oil pollution, resulting in incomplete combustion and red or yellow flames. At this time, it is necessary to clean up the oil stain on the air outlet, and you can use iron wire or old toothbrush to dredge it regularly.

2. The air outlet is blocked

Flue gas needs to be discharged quickly so that the gas stove can continue to burn completely. If there is poor ventilation, the smoke will stay around the flame, resulting in insufficient oxygen, thus resulting in incomplete combustion. The solution is to open the kitchen window or increase the strength of the range hood to ensure the smoke is discharged quickly.

03

Four cooking habits may give birth to cancer cells.

Everyone’s cooking habits are different, but if it is wrong, it may attract the "attention" of cancer cells.

In 2019, The Lancet published a large-scale global study, which focused on the impact of diet on health. This study evaluates the consumption of major foods and nutrients in 195 countries, and quantifies the impact of sub-health dietary intake in 195 countries on the mortality and incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases.

The results show that in 2017, 11 million people worldwide died of dietary risks. It is particularly noteworthy that in China, diet-related cardiovascular diseases and cancer deaths rank first in the world.

The study also pointed out that since 1990, the number of deaths caused by global dietary risks has increased from about 8 million to 11 million in 2017. This shows that improving diet is urgent and necessary to reduce diet-related chronic diseases and deaths.

In this regard, Xiao Jiu reminded that the following four cooking habits should be corrected as soon as possible:

1. Do not turn on the range hood when cooking

Cooking oil at high temperature will produce harmful fumes, which contain irritating substances, which may lead to chronic diseases such as lung cancer. Especially women who have been exposed to kitchen fumes for a long time have a higher risk of lung cancer.

It is suggested that the range hood should continue to work for 3-5 minutes after frying, to ensure the discharge of harmful gases, and to open the window for ventilation to reduce the harm.

2. Put too much salt

High-salt diet may lead to water and sodium retention, increase blood pressure, and then increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. In addition, excessive intake of salt can also damage the gastric mucosa, causing stomach problems such as gastritis and gastric ulcer. Long-term high salt intake is also related to the risk of gastric cancer.

Therefore, attention should be paid to controlling the amount of salt in daily diet, and other condiments such as onion, ginger and garlic can be selected to increase the flavor of food.

3. Reuse frying oil

In the process of frying food, oil will produce many harmful substances, such as oxidation products and benzopyrene, a carcinogen. These harmful substances will remain in the oil and accumulate with the repeated use of the oil, which may increase the risk of cancer after being ingested by the human body.

On the other hand, repeated use of frying oil will also increase the intake of unhealthy fat and cholesterol, leading to an increase in the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

4. Eat fried food frequently.

Frying food may lead to the formation of carcinogens such as acrylamide. In daily life, we should try to reduce the intake of high-temperature cooking food and choose healthier cooking methods such as steaming and stewing.

Conclusion: Healthy eating habits and proper cooking methods are essential to reduce the risk of diet-related chronic diseases. A small change in life may help us stay away from diseases and stay healthy better.

References:

[1] "Benzene concentration exceeds second-hand smoke! The latest research: Cooking with gas stove at high temperature can not only increase the risk of lung cancer, but also cause leukemia … ".Frontier of Life Science. 2023-07-03.

[2] "Natural gas is carcinogenic? How to use the gas stove? Dietitian Gu Zhongyi. 2023-06-28.

[3] "Watch out! Be careful when these two colors appear in natural gas combustion at home. Popular Science China .2021-08-21.

[4] The Lancet: Cancer in China is closely related to diet! OBCD pan-cancer early screening.2021-11-03

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Announcement on Implementing Personal Information Protection Certification

In order to implement the relevant provisions of the Personal Information Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), standardize personal information processing activities, and promote the rational use of personal information, according to the Regulations on Certification and Accreditation of People’s Republic of China (PRC), the State Administration of Market Supervision and the State Internet Information Office decided to implement personal information protection certification, encouraging personal information processors to enhance their personal information protection capabilities through certification. Certification institutions engaged in personal information protection certification shall carry out relevant certification activities after approval, and carry out certification in accordance with the Implementation Rules for Personal Information Protection Certification (see Annex).

It is hereby announced.

State Administration for Market Regulation

National Internet Information Office

November 4, 2022

Rules for the implementation of personal information protection certification

　　1 Scope of application

　　These Rules are formulated in accordance with the Regulations on Certification and Accreditation of People’s Republic of China (PRC), and stipulate the basic principles and requirements for the certification of personal information processors in their personal information collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, disclosure, deletion and cross-border processing activities.

　　2 certification basis

　　Personal information processors shall meet the requirements of GB/T 35273 Information Security Technology Personal Information Security Specification.

　　For personal information processors who carry out cross-border processing activities, they should also meet the requirements of TC260-PG-20222A "Safety Certification Specification for Cross-border Processing Activities of Personal Information".

　　In principle, the latest version of the above standards and specifications shall be implemented.

　　3 authentication mode

　　The authentication mode of personal information protection authentication is:

　　Technical verification+on-site audit+post-certification supervision

　　4 certification implementation procedures

　　4.1 Certification entrustment

　　The certification body shall specify the requirements for certification entrustment materials, including but not limited to the basic materials of the certification client, the certification power of attorney, relevant supporting documents, etc.

　　The certification client shall submit the certification entrustment materials according to the requirements of the certification body, and the certification body shall timely feedback whether it is accepted or not after reviewing the certification entrustment materials.

　　The certification institution shall determine the certification scheme according to the certification entrustment data, including the type and quantity of personal information, the scope of personal information processing activities involved, the information of technical verification institutions, etc., and notify the certification principal.

　　4.2 Technical verification

　　Technical verification institutions shall carry out technical verification in accordance with the certification scheme, and issue technical verification reports to the certification institutions and certification clients.

　　4.3 on-site audit

　　Certification bodies conduct on-site audits and issue on-site audit reports to certification clients.

　　4.4 Evaluation and approval of certification results

　　The certification body makes a comprehensive evaluation according to the certification entrustment data, technical verification report, on-site audit report and other relevant information, and makes a certification decision. To meet the certification requirements, issue certification certificates; For those who do not meet the certification requirements temporarily, the certification client may be required to make rectification within a time limit, and if they still do not meet the requirements after rectification, the certification client shall be notified in writing to terminate the certification.

　　If it is found that the certification client or personal information processor has cheated, concealed information, intentionally violated the certification requirements and other acts that seriously affect the implementation of certification, the certification will not be passed.

　　4.5 Post-certification supervision

　　4.5.1 Frequency of supervision

　　Certification bodies shall, within the validity period of certification, continuously supervise certified personal information processors and reasonably determine the frequency of supervision.

　　4.5.2 Contents of supervision

　　Certification bodies should take appropriate measures to implement post-certification supervision to ensure that certified personal information processors continue to meet the certification requirements.

　　4.5.3 Evaluation of supervision results after obtaining the certificate

　　The certification body makes a comprehensive evaluation of the supervision conclusion and other relevant information after obtaining the certificate, and can continue to maintain the certification certificate if it passes the evaluation; If it fails, the certification body shall suspend or even revoke the certification certificate according to the corresponding circumstances.

　　4.6 Time limit for certification

　　The certification body shall clearly stipulate the time limit of each link of certification, and ensure that the relevant work is completed according to the time limit. The certification client shall actively cooperate with the certification activities.

　　5 certification certificate and certification mark

　　5.1 Certification Certificate

　　5.1.1 Maintenance of authentication certificate

　　The certificate is valid for 3 years. During the validity period, the validity of the certification certificate shall be maintained through the post-certification supervision of the certification body.

　　If the certificate needs to be used continuously upon expiration, the certification client shall submit the certification entrustment within 6 months before the expiration of the validity period. The certification body shall adopt the way of supervision after obtaining the certificate, and issue a new certificate for the entrustment that meets the certification requirements.

　　5.1.2 Change of certification certificate

　　During the validity period of the certification certificate, if the name, registered address, certification requirements and certification scope of the certified personal information processor change, the certification client shall submit a change entrustment to the certification body. According to the content of the change, the certification body evaluates the entrusted information of the change and determines whether the change can be approved. If technical verification and/or on-site audit are required, they should also be carried out before approving the change.

　　5.1.3 Cancellation, suspension and revocation of certification certificate

　　When the certified personal information processor no longer meets the certification requirements, the certification institution shall suspend the certification certificate in time until it is revoked. The authentication client may apply for suspension or cancellation of the authentication certificate within the validity period of the authentication certificate.

　　5.1.4 Publication of certification certificate

　　Certification bodies shall publicize the relevant information such as the issuance, alteration, suspension, cancellation and revocation of certification certificates in an appropriate way.

　　5.2 Certification mark

　　Personal information protection certification marks excluding cross-border processing activities are as follows:

　　Personal information protection certification marks including cross-border processing activities are as follows:

　　"ABCD" stands for certification body identification information.

　　5.3 Use of Certification Certificates and Certification Marks

　　Within the validity period of the certification certificate, the certified personal information processor shall correctly use the certification certificate and certification mark in advertisements and other publicity in accordance with relevant regulations, and shall not mislead the public.

　　6 detailed rules for the implementation of certification

　　Certification institutions shall, in accordance with the relevant requirements of these Rules, refine the implementation procedures of certification, formulate scientific, reasonable and operable implementation rules for certification, and publicize them for implementation.

　　7 certification responsibility

　　The certification body shall be responsible for the on-site audit conclusion and certification conclusion.

　　Technical verification institutions shall be responsible for the conclusion of technical verification.

　　The certification client shall be responsible for the authenticity and legality of the certification entrustment materials.

Analysis of domestic Toyota dual-engine technology soon

　　　 　 At the 16th Shanghai International Auto Show, which just came to an end, Toyota exhibited its brand-new hybrid vehicle-Ralink Twin Engine and.Corolla double engine. In the official interpretation, "double engine" will be used as a special term for Toyota’s hybrid vehicles, and the previous terms such as "hybrid" and "Zunrui" will no longer be used.

　　In fact, neither electric vehicles nor hybrid vehicles are new, long before the popularity of gasoline internal combustion engines.19In the th century, the technology of electric driving cars has been realized. Then, in order to solve the problem of short battery life and too heavy, Ferdinand porsche, the father of Porsche,By using the principle of internal combustion engine driving generator, the first hybrid car was built, and this is just1900Years.

Gasoline and diesel have been the preferred fuels for more than a hundred years since the internal combustion engine dominated. When human society has suffered several energy crises and the increasingly severe environmental protection situation, the prospect of fossil fuels will inevitably become dim, and finding alternative energy sources has become a commonplace topic in recent years.

Classification of new energy vehicles

Oil-electric hybrid (Hybrid Electric Vehicle,HEV)

Oil-electric hybrid power is a new energy technology widely used in the world at present. Using traditional internal combustion engine and motor as power source, it has obvious advantages over traditional gasoline vehicles in exhaust emission and fuel consumption. According to the connection mode of hybrid drive, hybrid electric vehicles are generally divided into three categories:

Series hybrid power

The working principle of series hybrid power is that the engine generates electricity to drive the motor and the motor drives the driving wheel, which is what we often call the extended range. The advantage is that the cruising range is longer, and the disadvantage is that multiple energy conversions cause power waste. The representative model is Chevrolet’s Volanda (Volt)。

Parallel hybrid power

The working principle of parallel hybrid power is that the engine and motor drive the car together, or they can work independently. The advantage is simple structure and low cost, but the disadvantage is that the engine efficiency can not be fully utilized. The representative model is Honda.IMASystem.

Series-parallel hybrid

Series-parallel hybrid power combines the characteristics of series and parallel connection. By adjusting the speed of generator, the power distribution ratio between mechanical transmission channel and power transmission channel can be controlled.. The advantages are high efficiency and ideal energy-saving effect, but the disadvantages are complex structure and high cost. The representative model is Toyota.THSSystem.

Plug-in hybrid (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle,PHEV)

The difference between plug-in hybrid vehicle and ordinary hybrid vehicle is that it is equipped with a special battery, which can be directly charged by an external power supply, which enables plug-in hybrid vehicle to have a longer cruising range in pure electric mode. The advantage is that it combines the advantages of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, but the disadvantage is that the battery cost is high and charging is troublesome. The representative model is BYD Qin.

Electric vehicle (Electric Vehicle,EV)

Electric vehicles are driven by electric energy.The electric energy from outside is stored in a storage battery, which is used to drive the motor and drive the car, and the electricity generated in any way can be used for it (gasoline, natural gas, nuclear energy and renewable energy, etc.). The advantages are no emission and energy saving, while the disadvantages are high battery cost and troublesome charging. The representative model is Tesla.

Fuel cell (Fuel cell vehicles ,FCV)

Fuel cell vehicles areelectric vehicleA kind of, its core components.fuel battery. Through the chemical action of hydrogen and oxygen, rather than through combustion, it is directly transformed into electric power.The advantage is no emission and high energy efficiency, but the disadvantage is lack of infrastructure. The representative model is Toyota.Mirai.

Interpretation of Toyota dual-engine technology

When it comes to Toyota hybrid, you can’t ignore the famousTHSSystem,THSSystem full nameToyota Hybrid SystemIt is a series-parallel hybrid, which is carried by Toyota’s Prius, Camry Zunrui and other hybrid vehicles.THSSystem.

THSThe main components of the system are gasoline engine, permanent magnet AC synchronous motor, generator, high performance metal hydride battery box and power control unit. Among them, different models are equipped with different gasoline engines, but the same thing is the Atkinson cycle. It’s called Atkinson cycle, but the engine doesn’t have it.The crank-connecting rod structure of Atkinson engine only realizes the Miller cycle whose expansion ratio is greater than the compression ratio by changing the engine timing and delaying the closing of the intake valve. In order to avoid the patent problem of Miller cycle, it is named Atkinson cycle with similar effect, and its greatest feature is economy.

Some people may wonder, Atkinson cycle, high-power motor and other ordinary hybrid systems have it.THSWhat’s so special about it? Actually, forTHSGenerally speaking, its greatest stunt isECVTAnd it is this unique speed change mechanism that makes the engine and motor realize the real series connection.ECVTIt’s not electronsCVT, it even and tapered wheel steel belt.CVTIt doesn’t matter muchECVTIs a conventional planetary gear set, due to the wholeTHSThe power unit of the planetary gear set consists of an internal combustion engine and two motors, so one side of the outer gear ring of the planetary gear set is directly connected with the main reducer, and the other side is connected with the high-power motor. The sun gear of the planetary gear is connected with a low-power motor which is mainly responsible for power generation. The gear frame of the planetary gear is connected with the engine. In this way, the three power units are combined together through this planetary gear set.ECVTThrough the "force" between the two motors and the engine in the opposite direction or in the same direction, the driving condition is matched with the rotation speed of the engine, and finally the effect of stepless speed change is achieved.

Corolla, who appeared this time./Leiling twin engines will carry one1.5LThe hybrid system consisting of Atkinson cycle engine and motor has a maximum power of up to.99psThe official comprehensive fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is4.9L/100km。

Advantages of Toyota dual-engine technology

First, there is no need to charge. This can be said to be the biggest advantage of hybrid electric vehicles compared with plug-in hybrid and pure electric vehicles. Perhaps many people have heard that oil and electricity are mixed. Where can you get electricity without charging? There are both gasoline engines and motors in Toyota THS hybrid system. When PCU module detects that the energy output by the engine is higher than the actual driving needs, it will use this spilled energy for power generation, which is "open source". When the vehicle brakes or slides, it is "throttling" to recover kinetic energy by dragging the motor, so Toyota THS system does not need to be charged by an external power supply in daily use. For people living in cities, charging piles are undoubtedly a headache.

Second, give consideration to fuel efficiency and power. Through the combination of engine and motor, Toyota THS system makes the vehicle realize the optimal working condition of low speed driven by motor and medium and high speed driven together. At present, the Camry Zunrui is equipped with a 2.5L Atkinson engine and a 2JM motor with code 4AR-FXE. The maximum power of the system reaches 151kw and the fuel consumption per 100 kilometers is 5.3L.

Third, the battery life is long. The strategy of "shallow charging and multi-cycling" can prolong the battery life of Toyota hybrid system, and generally use 10%-40% of the battery capacity when driving on urban roads, thus avoiding the battery from being attenuated due to the use of deep charging and discharging. In addition, the battery can run in a multi-cycle charging and discharging state by recovering kinetic energy through braking for many times, thus ensuring the service life of the battery.

On the other hand, compared with many advantages, the biggest problem of Toyota’s hybrid is also in front of us-cost. This has also led to the slow promotion of Toyota hybrid technology in China, and it is difficult for the Prius, the world’s best-selling model, to make waves in China. Hybrid power has become the "environmental toy of local tyrants" in the eyes of consumers.

Reduce costs through domestic key technologies

In 2011, Toyota introduced Camry Zunrui, which is the second hybrid vehicle after Prius. Compared with the Prius, Camry Zunrui is closer to daily use in terms of power, performance and space. The starting price of 259,800 yuan is 40,000 yuan more expensive than the Camry sports version, and the sales volume is close to 20,000 units in the three years since its launch. This shows that hybrid power is beginning to be accepted by ordinary consumers. However, in the A-class car market, which is a battleground for military strategists, it is still a question whether the price difference of 40,000 yuan can impress consumers. After all, the price difference of 40,000 yuan can decide to buy an A-class car or a B-class car.

jobIt is generally believed that the sales situation of hybrid power is not good. On the one hand, it stems from the lack of government policy support; on the other hand, due to the high production cost of hybrid power products, the market price has remained high. To this end, Toyota2010Set up a research and development center in China in.TMEC,TMECSince its inception, the goal has been clear.It is a research and development center dedicated to the research and development of Toyota hybrid technology.With the inverter, drive axle and battery factory made in China, Toyota has the ability to further reduce the cost of hybrid technology. Lei Ling/Corolla Twin Engine, which is about to be listed in China, has a price of about 150,000 yuan. If this price can be realized, it will undoubtedly attract a lot of attention.

　　The biggest significance of Lei Ling/Corolla dual engine is the localization of Toyota hybrid technology, which not only means that China will become the main battlefield for enterprises to compete for new energy market, but also will have more opportunities for ordinary consumers to get in touch with hybrid models. Especially, Lei Ling, which focuses on fashionable household style, has attracted the attention of many young consumers once it is listed, and the release of the dual-engine version of Lei Ling will also set off a wave of hybrid power among young users. The biggest suspense now will be the listing price in the second half of the year. Can Leiling Shuangqing detonate the new wave of mixing and fly into the homes of ordinary people?

State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China announced seven typical cases of tax fraud and false opening.

nine

　　Cctv newsAccording to the website of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, recently, local tax authorities, together with public security departments, have successfully investigated and dealt with a number of illegal cases in a special campaign to crack down on tax fraud and false issuance, maintaining a high-pressure situation in cracking down on tax-related illegal acts, effectively maintaining the normal tax order and effectively creating a fair and just business environment. Seven typical cases of tax fraud and false opening are now exposed.

　　1. Beijing "11.01" falsely issued special VAT invoices.

　　In March 2017, the Beijing Municipal State Taxation Bureau and the public security organs successfully investigated and dealt with the case of Beijing "11.01" falsely issuing special VAT invoices. It was verified that during the period from May 2013 to October 2016, the criminal suspect Li created the illusion of normal purchase by lending the mobile phone agency qualifications of two enterprises involved in the case, and obtained a special invoice for falsely issuing VAT input. The criminal suspect Lai Mou and others falsely issued 20,000 special VAT invoices to 1,662 enterprises in Hebei, Tianjin and other places by means of separating tickets from goods, changing the name of goods, signing false purchase and sale contracts and forging capital flow, involving an amount of 3.55 billion yuan and a tax amount of 600 million yuan. The State Taxation Bureau of Beijing issued a Notice of Confirmed False Issuance to the local tax authorities of downstream drawee enterprises. At present, the case has entered the judicial process.

　　Two, Jiangxi "6 16" false special VAT invoice case.

　　In July 2016, the State Taxation Bureau of Jingdezhen City, Jiangxi Province successfully investigated and dealt with the case of "6 16" falsely issuing special VAT invoices in Jiangxi Province. It has been verified that from August to November, 2015, three enterprises, Jingdezhen Mingmen Trading Co., Ltd., Jingdezhen Remote Metal Products Co., Ltd. and Jingdezhen Baoping Trading Co., Ltd., made fictitious capital transactions without production and business premises, processing capacity, employees and transportation behavior, accepted special VAT invoices issued by a trading company with the name of "AU99.99 Standard Gold", and falsely issued goods with the name of "Au 99.99 Standard Gold" to downstream enterprises. Jingdezhen State Taxation Bureau has issued a Notice of Confirmed False Issuance to the tax authorities where the downstream drawee enterprises are located, and transferred the case to the public security organs for handling. At present, the case has entered the judicial process.

　　Three, Gansu "4 11" false special VAT invoice case.

　　In April 2016, Gansu Provincial State Taxation Bureau successfully organized and investigated the case of "4.11" falsely issuing special VAT invoices. It has been verified that during the period from July 2015 to January 2016, two fraudulent gangs with Han and Zhang as actual controllers used other people’s identity information to falsely register companies and obtained 2,268 fraudulent VAT invoices by paying handling fees, involving an amount of 233 million yuan and a tax amount of 34 million yuan; At the same time, in the absence of actual business, 2088 special VAT invoices were falsely issued to 76 enterprises in 32 cities in 18 provinces such as Guangdong and Henan, involving an amount of 192 million yuan and a tax amount of 27 million yuan. The State Taxation Bureau of Gansu Province has issued a Notice of Confirmed False Opening to the tax authorities where the downstream drawee enterprises are located, and transferred the case to the public security organs. At present, the public security organs are handling the case according to law.

　　Four, Sichuan "4 27" false VAT invoice case.

　　In March 2017, the State Taxation Bureau of Suining City, Sichuan Province and the public security organs jointly investigated and dealt with the case of "4 27" falsely issuing ordinary VAT invoices. It has been verified that the criminal suspects Yang and Wang Moumou falsely registered 57 "shell companies" by using other people’s identity information, and fled after falsely issuing a large number of ordinary VAT invoices in a short period of time without real goods transactions. From January 2016 to March 2016, the gang falsely issued 4,466 ordinary VAT invoices for others, such as "steel", "wood square" and "building materials", involving an amount of 391 million yuan and a tax of 11.73 million yuan. Suining State Taxation Bureau has issued a Notice of Confirmed False Opening to the local tax authorities where the downstream drawee enterprises are located. At present, the case has entered the judicial process, and the main suspect has been sentenced and fined.

　　V. Tax fraud case of Hainan Huatai Feng Investment Co., Ltd.

　　In July 2016, Hainan Provincial State Taxation Bureau successfully investigated and dealt with the tax fraud case of Hainan Huatai Feng Investment Co., Ltd. It has been verified that during the period from May 2012 to November 2013, the company accepted 228 false special VAT invoices from a furniture company in Bozhou and a wood product company in Shiquan County by paying the billing fee, involving an amount of 20.62 million yuan and a tax amount of 3.51 million yuan. At the same time, in the absence of actual export business, the company obtained relevant export declaration information, altered false export documents, falsely issued 42 export invoices, applied to the tax authorities for tax refund in 17 batches, and defrauded the export tax refund of 3.09 million yuan. Hainan Provincial State Taxation Bureau recovered 3.09 million yuan of export tax rebate defrauded by the company, imposed a double fine, suspended the company’s export tax rebate right for three years according to law, and transferred the case to the public security organ for handling. At present, the case has entered the judicial process.

　　Six, Hebei Tianyi Trading Co., Ltd. and other three enterprises tax fraud case

　　In August 2016, the State Taxation Bureau of Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Province and the public security organs jointly investigated and dealt with the tax fraud cases of three enterprise groups: Hebei Tianyi Trading Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang Duobu Trading Co., Ltd. and Shijiazhuang Zuoxiang Trading Co., Ltd. It has been verified that during the period from January 2014 to June 2016, criminal gangs operated separately and cooperated with each other in purchasing goods, invoicing, customs declaration, settlement of foreign exchange, and tax refund declaration, and defrauded the export tax refund of 15.18 million yuan by means of purchasing goods in different places, falsely issuing special invoices for value-added tax, and overstating the value. Shijiazhuang State Taxation Bureau recovered 5.73 million yuan of export tax rebate from three enterprises, and refused to refund 9.05 million yuan, which was regarded as 400,000 yuan for domestic sales, and stopped the export tax rebate right of three enterprises for three years according to law. At present, the public security organs are handling the case according to law.

　　Seven, Henan Xuchang Jingying Arts and Crafts Co., Ltd. tax fraud case.

　　At the beginning of 2017, the State Taxation Bureau of Xuchang City, Henan Province successfully investigated and dealt with the tax fraud case of Xuchang Jingying Arts and Crafts Co., Ltd. It is verified that from March 2013 to April 2016, Sun Moumou, the actual controller of Xuchang Jingying Arts and Crafts Co., Ltd., and Li Moumou and Zhang Moumou, the criminal suspects, cooperated with each other to commit crimes, bought special invoices for value-added tax by paying handling fees, and used other people’s export customs declaration data to fraudulently report exports, and defrauded export tax rebates of 23.5 million yuan. Xuchang State Taxation Bureau recovered the export tax rebate of Xuchang Jingying Arts and Crafts Co., Ltd. for 23.5 million yuan, and was fined twice. It is planned to suspend the export tax rebate right of the company for three years according to law and transfer the case to the public security organ for handling. At present, the case has entered the judicial process.

Six questions about the farce of ＂currency manipulator＂： Why did the United States fall into a ＂demon＂

　　CCTV News:On August 5, the RMB exchange rate "broke 7", which was originally a natural reaction of the market, but it became the "devil" of the US government. The U.S. Treasury Department has declared China a so-called "currency manipulator". What are the real intentions and attempts of the United States behind this farce?

　　1. What is the exchange rate?

　　The exchange rate is the ratio of one country’s currency to another’s currency. If the value of country A’s currency is higher than that of country B’s currency, then people in country A can buy more goods and services in country B with the same amount of country A’s currency. The same is true for countries. A country’s appreciation of another country’s currency is conducive to imports and is not conducive to exports; When a country depreciates against another country’s currency, exports are encouraged and imports are frustrated.

　　2. Is China a so-called "currency manipulator"?

　　According to America’s own standards, the Trade Facilitation and Promotion Act promulgated in 2015 stipulates that the following three points should be met at the same time to judge whether there is exchange rate manipulation in a country or region:

　　First, a large trade surplus with the United States: the trade surplus with the United States exceeds $20 billion.

　　Second, the huge current account surplus: the current account surplus exceeds 3% of GDP.

　　Third, continuous one-way intervention in the foreign exchange market: repeated net purchases of foreign exchange, and the net purchases within 12 months exceed 2% of GDP.

　　If calculated by the standard, China can’t be called a "currency manipulator", because China meets only the first requirement. The view of the International Monetary Fund also points out that the RMB exchange rate is generally in line with the fundamentals.

　　So, the United States added two more. First, "China has been urging its currency to be undervalued through continuous and large-scale intervention in the foreign exchange market for a long time". Second, the People’s Bank of China "publicly admits that it has rich experience in manipulating the exchange rate and is prepared to continue to do so". However, the original words of the People’s Bank of China said that "it has accumulated rich experience and policy tools, will continue to innovate and enrich the control toolbox, and take necessary and targeted measures against possible positive feedback behaviors in the foreign exchange market". Turning the page of history, whether in the Asian financial crisis in 1997, the global financial crisis in 2008 or the Sino-US trade dispute since 2018, China has always insisted on not engaging in competitive devaluation. Most of the tools accumulated by the People’s Bank of China in the past few years are to defend the currency, not to devalue it.

　　3. Is RMB depreciation a natural market reaction?

　　In an interview with Bloomberg, American financial experts pointed out that after the United States announced that it would impose a 10% tariff on $300 billion of goods exported from China to the United States, the RMB "breaking 7" was a natural reaction of the market.

　　In the trade war between Japan and the United States in the last century, the United States put pressure on the yen exchange rate in order to improve the trade deficit with Japan. However, not only the Japanese economy has become a victim, but also the US trade deficit with Japan has not changed significantly. Now that the United States is doing the same thing again, China will not be hooked by the United States again.

　　4. Who is the ultimate pressure in the United States?

　　1950— During the trade war between Japan and the United States in 1990, the yen was forced to appreciate rapidly, and domestic policy liberalization and financial liberalization were implemented. The trade deficit between the United States and Japan has not improved significantly, while the bubble burst after the skyrocketing housing prices and stock markets in Japan.

　　Take history as a mirror. To engage in "competitive devaluation" will hurt everyone, and China will not be hooked by the United States, repeating the Japanese mistakes and letting the United States "do the same thing again".

　　As for the impact, this behavior of the United States has seriously damaged the international financial order, which will inevitably lead to financial market turmoil, and the domestic economy of the United States is also facing comprehensive risks.

　　On August 6th, China’s Ministry of Commerce announced that relevant enterprises in China would suspend the purchase of new American agricultural products. Chippy Duval, president of the American Federation of Farmers’ Associations, said that China’s practice has dealt a heavy blow to American agriculture, and the hardships of thousands of American farmers will get worse.

　　5. What is the intention of the United States to carefully select time nodes?

　　In this case, why did the United States choose to list China as a currency manipulator at this time? What is its next step?

　　Zhang Monan, chief researcher of the US-Europe Institute of China Center for International Economic Exchanges, said, I think on the one hand, it may be to fulfill Trump’s campaign promise after he took office. On the other hand, with the intensification of Sino-US trade war, the United States may hope to further promote exports and boost the economy through a weak dollar. At this moment, when the United States listed China as a "currency manipulator", it was also in a time window. During the China negotiations, it further put pressure on China, which also opened the next policy toolbox of the United States and forced the RMB to appreciate further. It is possible to further pressure China by imposing tariffs or the so-called "anti-tariff subsidy tax". It is also possible to put pressure on China by restricting financing or restricting some financial channels. It is not excluded that the US government will conduct additional review on China’s macroeconomic policies or related exchange rate policies through the IMF platform. Finally, because there are some aspects involved in the opening of financial markets and capital accounts in the China negotiations, it is not excluded that the United States, like the South Korean government in 1988, will further force China to fully open its financial markets and capital accounts through the label of "currency manipulator".

　　6. What are the consequences of the US labeling "currency manipulator"?

　　The escalating economic and trade friction has hit the American economy, seriously hindered the development of the global economy, and aroused widespread concern of world public opinion.

Shanghai launched 55 measures to provide more convenience for Taiwan compatriots.

　　Cctv newsIn order to further implement the 31 measures of benefiting Taiwan from the mainland, Shanghai recently launched 55 specific measures to provide more convenience for Taiwan compatriots in terms of entrepreneurship, employment and housing security, which aroused enthusiastic response from Taiwan Province compatriots.

　　On June 1st, the Taiwan Affairs Office of Shanghai issued the Implementation Measures for Promoting Economic and Cultural Exchanges and Cooperation between Shanghai and Taiwan, with a total of 55 specific measures, mainly including providing Taiwan compatriots and enterprises with the same treatment as mainland residents and enterprises; Solve the concerns of Taiwan compatriots and enterprises; Promote Taiwanese enterprises to participate in Shanghai’s development opportunities.

Wang Lixin, Deputy Director of Shanghai Taiwan Affairs Office

Wang Lixin, Deputy Director of Shanghai Taiwan Affairs Office

　　Wang Lixin, Deputy Director of Shanghai Taiwan Affairs OfficeWe will gradually provide Taiwan Province compatriots with the same treatment as mainland compatriots in studying, starting businesses, finding jobs and living in the mainland.

　　According to the implementation measures, eligible Taiwan compatriots can apply for the "residence permit for overseas talents" and housing subsidies. If they can apply for a talent apartment, the rent is only 650 to 2,000 RMB, which makes Taiwan compatriots who start a business and work in Shanghai feel very happy.

Qiu Yizhen, a young man from Taiwan Province who started a business in Shanghai.

Qiu Yizhen, a young man from Taiwan Province who started a business in Shanghai.

　　Qiu Yizhen, a young man from Taiwan Province who started a business in Shanghai.The residence permit for talents is urgently needed by us. For example, we can have five insurances and one gold, financial support for starting a business, and subsidies for renting a house.

　　The implementation measures also optimize the procedures of Taiwanese enterprises in industrial and commercial registration, provide rent subsidies for entrepreneurial sites and interest subsidies for entrepreneurial guarantee loans, and provide convenience for Taiwan compatriots to start businesses in Shanghai.

　　Qiu Yizhen, a young man from Taiwan Province who started a business in Shanghai.: I applied for the so-called venture capital in Taiwan Province in 2012, but its application documents should be so thick.

　　Qiu Yizhen, a young man from Taiwan Province, said that she used to apply for venture capital in Taiwan Province, but she gave it up because she asked for too much information. Now she is starting a business in Shanghai. Industrial and commercial registration and project registration have one-stop services to assist the agency, so that entrepreneurs have no worries. In addition, Shanghai has further opened up the restrictions on employment conditions for lawyers, doctors, nurse practitioner and other professionals, creating a new stage for Taiwan Province professionals to work in the mainland.

Hou Zhiqian, a Taiwanese lawyer in Shanghai

Hou Zhiqian, a Taiwanese lawyer in Shanghai

　　Hou Zhiqian, a Taiwanese lawyer in ShanghaiI think it is a very good positive measure to provide a bigger market for Taiwan Province professionals.

Ruixing ＂committed suicide＂ to save himself： using expired raw materials, expanding franchise stores, all for profit …

Text/Li Huilin Editor/Tan Wei

Twelve months after listing, Luckin Coffee ended up being ordered to withdraw from the market.

On the evening of May 19th, Luckin Coffee announced that it had received a notice from NASDAQ Exchange on May 15th, requesting delisting. Ruixing plans to hold a hearing and will continue to list on Nasdaq before the results come out.

Lu Zhengyao, chairman of Ruixing, is not satisfied with this result. In the early morning of May 20th, Lu Zhengyao said in a statement that the company had dealt with the relevant responsible persons, reorganized the board of directors, updated the management and actively carried out rectification as soon as possible according to the results of the phased investigation. Nasdaq asked the company to withdraw from the market without waiting for the final investigation results. Unexpectedly, he was deeply disappointed and regretted.

Lu Zhengyao believes that Luckin Coffee’s business model and business logic are valid, and its revenue keeps increasing every year. At present, despite the double blow of epidemic and fraud, thousands of stores in Ruixing are still trying to keep operating. If we withdraw from the market, the difficulties and pressures faced by Ruixing will continue to increase. "But no matter what, I will do my best to maintain the operation of the store and try my best to recover the losses of shareholders so that the brand of Ruixing can go on."

From the 18-month-old listing to the scandal, Rui Xing, who was in turmoil, chose to break his arm to survive. Earlier, some media reported that Ruixing planned to abolish 80 stores in Beijing, equivalent to one-fifth of the stores in Beijing.

A former manager of Luckin Coffee in Ningbo told the reporter of 21st 21CBR that since the exposure of financial fraud, Ruixing’s office in Ningbo has laid off nearly one fifth of its staff, and its direct-operated stores are also shrinking, resulting in a serious problem of lax management.

Using expired materials, lax quality control management.

Su Kai (pseudonym) joined Ruixing in March 2019, and served as deputy store manager and store manager before and after. He was recently dismissed because he complained about the internal use of expired materials.

On May 8th this year, Su Kai bought a cup of "Little Deer with a lot of ingredients" in Ruixing’s Yintai store in Beilun, Ningbo. After drinking it, he had loose bowels that night and went to the hospital for treatment the next day. Su Kai suspected that the store used expired materials, so he called Ruixing’s customer service phone to complain, and the feedback was that the store did have the problem of expired materials. Su Kai asked for reimbursement of medical expenses, but Ruixing customer service refused to reimburse medical expenses on the grounds that Su Kai was an internal staff and needed internal solution, and only compensated three drink coupons. At Su Kai’s insistence, Ruixing compensated 200 yuan JD.COM.

Su Kaiben thought that this matter had ended. Unexpectedly, on May 19th, a regional manager of Ruixing took a warning notice, saying that Su Kai had made mistakes in his work and asked him to leave his job on his own. According to the regional manager, employees need to leave their jobs when they receive two warning notices in 12 months.

Another "mistake" made by Su Kai before was also related to expired materials. Since the store he was in charge of has not resumed business, he was assigned to another direct store in early May by the company to help. On the day of taking up his post, the materials in this store were found to have exceeded the shelf life, and this material has been used for more than a week. Even so, Su Kai, who is not the first responsible person, was given a warning sheet.

In Su Kai’s view, the expired materials were still used to make drinks, which only happened after Ruixing was exposed to financial fraud. "Before the financial fraud storm, the company’s control was very strict, and the materials had to be discarded when they arrived. After the incident, the policies conveyed above have completely changed, and everything is for profit. " He estimated that all these phenomena are to make the next quarter’s financial report look better and prove that the store can really make a profit.

In the direction of taking profit as the goal, Ruixing’s cost control has become stricter. Su Kai, for example, said that pearl raw materials with a lot of deer materials should be used for two hours according to the regulations, and they need to be scrapped if they exceed the time limit. Previously, if the store’s raw materials were scrapped too much, it would let the store manager report and analyze the reasons. Now, once the raw materials are scrapped too much, the store manager will be downgraded or fired. Previously, only when serious food problems were detected by the headquarters could the store manager be dismissed.

In addition to material management issues, some stores in Ningbo have also seen cases where filter elements have expired and not been replaced. "The function of the filter element is to filter the water quality, such as the ice cubes in the ice machine and the iced American coffee we drink, all of which need to be made with filtered water." Su Kai introduced that the filter elements of the original stores were replaced by the personnel who were responsible for the ice machine, usually once every three months. At present, the filter elements of several stores have not been replaced after the expiration date.

This situation is more likely to happen in franchise stores. Ruixing has more than 100 stores in Ningbo, of which nearly 30% are franchise stores. Compared with direct stores, regional managers need to communicate with the store manager through the boss when controlling franchise stores, and the management effect is not as good as that of direct stores. Moreover, raw materials need to be submitted for approval by stores themselves. In order to reduce losses, franchised stores may not strictly abide by the operating specifications.

"The boss may say yes to his face, but as soon as the regional manager leaves, he (the boss) says what you should do, because the cost of scrapping is borne by him, not the company." Su Kai said that after the outbreak of the fraud incident, Ruixing’s tolerance for franchise stores was increasing, and in the stores he complained about, employees did not wear aprons and hats when making drinks.

In order to improve profitability, since April 27th, Ruixing has carried out a new round of price increase in the whole country, in which the increase of beverage line is generally in 3 yuan, for example, Xiaolu tea rose from 25 yuan to 28 yuan, and Luckin Coffee rose from 28 yuan to 31 yuan. As early as the end of February, Ruixing had increased the price of its products in 1 yuan.

In some cities, Ruixing has also adjusted the original take-away relief policy: free delivery from 35 yuan/55 yuan to 35 yuan/55 yuan minus 3 yuan.

After Ruixing was exposed to the fraud incident, the volume did explode, but recently, due to price increases and other reasons, the volume dropped very seriously. Su Kai revealed that many store managers complained that the number of customers in the store has decreased by nearly 30%.

Shrink direct stores and continue to open franchise stores.

Perhaps, the management omission of Ruixing’s stores in Ningbo can’t represent the national situation, but it can’t be ignored that Ruixing, once proud of digital system management, has gone downhill. On the one hand, this is the negligence of management, on the other hand, it is also due to the shortage of personnel.

After the financial fraud incident, employees in Ruixing felt expect the unexpected. In the past month or so, Ruixing held several video conferences to stabilize employees’ emotions, emphasizing that the nature of the incident was negative news at the management level, which had no impact on the store operation and required employees to do their jobs well. Su Kai said, "Our salary was originally paid on the 10th of each month. The month when it was exposed for fraud was two days ahead of schedule. It should be to show employees that there will be no problem of not paying wages."

Even so, many employees left voluntarily. According to Su Kai’s understanding, Ruixun’s Ningbo office staff has shrunk by nearly one fifth, including many employees at the level of regional manager and director. Originally, Ruixing had five regional managers in Ningbo, one of whom went to study abroad and the other left. The remaining three regional managers needed to manage more than 100 stores, and the workload increased greatly, so it was inevitable that the control was not in place.

In the past, there were many part-time employees in Ruixing Store. After the epidemic, the working hours and the number of part-time employees were restricted, and the staff of the store was generally tight. Some idle employees were transferred to other stores to help. At present, there has been no large-scale layoffs in the store.

Su Kai thinks that Ruixing may use management problems as an excuse to lay off employees. "I don’t know how many stores are closed now. At that time, there will still be more positions of store manager and deputy store manager. Without so many people, he will find a way to lay you off, because he may have to pay compensation for taking the normal route."

According to the statistics of American data company Thinknum Alternative Data, as of May 12th, Luckin Coffee opened an average of 10 new stores every day in China in the second quarter of this year, and now the total number of stores has reached 6,912.

As far as Su Kai knows, more than 99% of these new stores are franchise stores. After paying the franchise fee to Ruixing, franchisees need to go through a training period and a three-month site selection period. Previously, these franchisees were attracted by Ruixing’s marketing and star traffic. After Ruixing was caught in a fraud storm, they could not get a refund and could only continue to open stores in order to reduce losses.

In Ningbo, Su Kai heard that Ruixing Club will continue to close some direct-operated stores with poor efficiency or duplication in the business circle, but it has not yet been implemented due to factors such as the rent has not expired.

The storm of Ruixing is still spreading. On May 12th, the board of directors of Luckin Coffee terminated the positions of CEO Qian Zhiya and COO Liu Jian, and JINYI GUO (Guo Jinyi) was appointed as the acting CEO.

Luckin Coffee’s shares resumed trading on the Nasdaq Stock Exchange at 7: 00 am EDT on May 20th (7: 00 pm Beijing time on the 20th). As of press time, Ruixun reported $2.92 per share, compared with $51.38 at the peak of Ruixun’s share price, the current market value has evaporated by over $10 billion.