Calculate the "unbearable" "five insurances and one gold" account: in some places, the payment accounts for more than half of the salary.
Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, March 2 (Reporter Hua Yedi, Ding Wenjie) "Xiao Li, the manager of a restaurant in Changsha, has an average monthly salary of 2,500 yuan, and needs to pay 8% of old-age insurance, 2% of medical insurance, 1% of unemployment insurance and 12% of housing accumulation fund, totaling 575 yuan, and finally got 1,925 yuan";
"The monthly salary of Xiao Liu, a drugstore employee, is 3,932 yuan, the insurance premium paid by enterprises is 1,160 yuan, the insurance premium paid by individuals is 11% is 432.5 yuan, and the total insurance premium paid by enterprises and individuals is 1,592.5 yuan, which accounts for 40.5% of the salary, excluding the housing accumulation fund" …
These are two cases in a series of surveys on the wages of ordinary employees made by Xie Zilong, deputy to the National People’s Congress and chairman of Hunan People’s Pharmacy. "If 12% of the housing provident fund is added, the payment rate of’ five insurances and one fund’ of enterprises will reach 52.5%, accounting for more than half of the wages, which has become an unbearable burden for enterprises and employees."
In many places, the payment ratio exceeds 50%
Representative Xie Zilong’s survey found that according to the relevant provisions of China’s social security policy, the proportion of five social security contributions (pension, medical care, unemployment, work-related injury and maternity) is 29.5% to 30% for enterprises, including 20% for pension, 6% for medical care, 2% for unemployment, 1% for work-related injury and 0.5%-1% for maternity, and individuals have accumulated to about 11%. Some areas even reach or even exceed 50% of wages. "
Even internationally, such a payment ratio is relatively high. According to the survey conducted by the representative of Xie Zilong, among the 125 countries in the world, only 11 countries have rates higher than 40%. Except for China, the other 10 countries are all European countries. The social security rates in China are higher than those in Germany and the United States, and also higher than those in Japan and South Korea in Asia.
Low-income groups are "embarrassed and burdened"
What are the adverse consequences of the high payment ratio of "five insurances and one gold"? Deputy Xie Zilong analyzed that the most direct impact is that the disposable income of employees is greatly reduced, and the social security premium rate, which accounts for 40% to 50% of wages, can be used when buying a house, and a considerable proportion of wages are excluded from free use by social security.
Especially for working-class people who live only on wages, the pressure is great. According to the current relevant regulations in China, 60% to 300% of the average salary of the previous year is the payment base. This means that the average social wage increases, and the payment base will also rise. Xie Zilong quoted the data of Changsha Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security as saying that the minimum standard of social security payment base was 2,002 yuan in 2013, and it was raised to 2,195 yuan in 2014, an increase of nearly 10%. Even if the monthly salary is less than 2,000 yuan, enterprises and employees have to pay social security according to the lower limit of the payment base of 2,195 yuan, which leads to the actual salary falling instead of rising.
On the other hand, for enterprises, the high social security premium rate increases their operational difficulties and weakens their vitality. "This is more prominent in small and medium-sized enterprises, especially labor-intensive enterprises such as construction and service industries with more migrant workers." Taking a retail enterprise as an example, the representative of Xie Zilong said that from 2011 to 2013, the employees’ total contributions to "five insurances and one fund" were 36.77%, 45.06% and 32.74% of the annual net profit respectively.
Excessive social security burden of enterprises, in turn, hinders the growth of employees’ income and the improvement of welfare: salary increase is often restricted; Some enterprises, especially those that use a relatively high proportion of migrant workers, evade the responsibility of paying social security to employees by missing, underpaying or even not paying, so as to reduce the production and operation costs of enterprises.
The representative of Xie Zilong also found that because the base of social security contributions in China has been rising year after year, the rising space of employees’ wages has been offset by the high social security rate, which makes many enterprises find it difficult to raise their wages, while a large number of employees and other difficult groups often negotiate with enterprises to give up paying social security in order to earn more wages.
The high payment rate has attracted increasing attention.
The reporter noted that related phenomena have been concerned by the central high-level officials. At the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, it was proposed that the social insurance premium rate should be appropriately reduced in a timely manner. At a joint meeting held in the 12th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) not long ago, Ma Kai, Vice Premier of the State Council, also pointed out that the payment level is really high, and "five insurances and one fund" has accounted for 40% to 50% of the total wages, which makes enterprises feel heavy burden.
In addition to calling for "reducing the social security premium rate as soon as possible", the representative of Xie Zilong also suggested increasing the flexibility of the "five insurances and one fund" payment policy: adjusting the premium rate according to the economic operation state, such as starting a temporary social insurance premium reduction and deferment policy to help enterprises tide over the difficulties.
At the same time, the representative of Xie Zilong suggested that the central and local governments should appropriately allocate funds, increase social security expenditure, subsidize enterprises and individuals to pay for old-age insurance, and actively expand other income sources of social security funds, including the transfer of operating income from state-owned assets and investment income from social security funds.